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Document Ref. PT - 001 Rev 0
DOCUMENT Ref. : PT- 001
DOCUMENT TITLE : Penetrant Testing
Rev Date Title Prepared Reviewed
0 10.01 Initial issue BWS PLB
Approved by: Level 3 approval
BWSteel
Project Manager/Supervisor B. W. Steel. ASNT III. MM1165.
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Document Ref. PT - 001 Rev 0
CONTENTS
Section Title Page
1 Scope 3
2 Applicable standards 3
3 Safety 3
4 Personnel 3
5 Equipment 3
6 Identification and datum positions 4
7 Surface condition 4
8 Viewing conditions - colour contrast method 4
9 Viewing conditions - Fluorescent method 4
10 Test method 4
11 Evaluation of indications 5
12 Post cleaning 5
13 Reporting 5
14 Acceptance criteria 5
Appendix index 6
Appendix
1 Sample report sheet
2 Technique sheet(s)
3 Client or project specific requirements
4 Acceptance criteria
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1. SCOPE
1.1 This procedure describes penetrant examination techniques utilising solvent removable
and/or water washable penetrants in colour contrast or fluorescent mode.
2.0 APPLICABLE STANDARDS
2.1 Penetrant testing is referenced in many national and international standards. These
standards contain many similarities; they may also contain differing specific
requirements. The most stringent requirement has been selected from these standards
and has been used as the basis for this procedure. This procedure therefore meets or
exceeds the requirements of all, but is not limited to, the following:
2.1.1 EN 571-1 Penetrant testing - General principles
2.1.2 ASME V Nondestructive Testing
2.1.3 API 1104 Welding of pipelines and related facilities
2.1.4 BS 4515 Welding of steel pipelines on land and offshore
2.1.5 AWS D1.1 Structural welding code - steel
2.2 Client or project specific requirements that augment or supersede those contained
within this procedure will, if applicable, be attached as an appendix.
3.0 SAFETY
3.1 All work is to be carried out in accordance with all statutory and local safety
requirements, and applicable risk assessments.
40 PERSONNEL
4.1 Testing shall be carried out by ASNT, CSWIP, PCN or an EN 473 equivalent standard
certificated level 2 personnel. Trainee and level 1 individuals may be used as
assistants.
4.2 All test personnel shall have passed an annual eye sight examination consisting of the
ability to read Jaeger J1 or an equivalent, with corrected vision if applicable, at 300mm.
5.0 EQUIPMENT
5.1 The following equipment and consumables shall be used,
5.1.1 Solvent cleaner/remover
5.1.2 Penetrant: either solvent or water washable, as applicable
5.1.3 Water, if applicable
5.1.4 Non aqueous liquid developer
5.2 All penetrant system consumables shall conform to ASTM requirements with regards
maximum chlorine and sulphur contents.
5.3 When requested by the client non-chlorinated consumables will be used.
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6.0 IDENTIFICATION & DATUM POSITION
6.1 The items shall be identified in accordance with the clients requirements.
6.2 Items with reportable indications shall have the datum positions clearly marked on the
item using permanent marker or similar to allow for accurate relocation.
7.0 SURFACE CONDITION
7.1 The surfaces of the test area shall have all surface coatings fully removed and be free
of loose scale, rust, slag or other extraneous materials.
7.2 Surface finish shall be such that penetrant is not trapped within the weld weave pattern
particularly when using solvent removable techniques.
7.2.1 When the surface is such that satisfactory testing can not be carried out without
additional preparation, this shall be the responsibility of the client.
7.3 The width of the test surface when inspecting welds shall include a minimum of 10 mm
of the parent material on each side.
7.4 The area under test shall be between 10°C and 50°C. Lower temperature will require
extended soak times, this shall be in agreement with the client.
8.0 VIEWING CONDITIONS - COLOUR CONTRAST METHOD
8.1 Whenever practicable the surface of the area under test should be evenly illuminated
with natural or artificial light to give an intensity of not less than 1000 lux.
9.0 VIEWING CONDITIONS - FLUORESCENT METHOD
9.1 The surface of the area under test should be evenly illuminated with UV-A light to give
an intensity of 1000 uW/cm2, with the white background light level below 10 lux.
9.2 UV-A lamps require switching on for a minimum of 10 minutes prior to use to allow
them to reach their full intensity.
9.3 With the agreement of the client the use of new technology very high intensity UV-A
lamps may be permitted. These do dot need a warming period and produce such
intense light that they allow testing to be carried out in subdued daylight conditions.
9.4 For UV-A work in darkened areas personnel shall allow a minimum of 5 minutes for
their eyes to become accustomed to these conditions prior to carrying out the
inspection.
10.0 TEST METHOD
10.1 The area under test shall be cleaned and degreased prior to inspection. Sufficient time
shall be allowed for any solvents or other liquids to fully evaporate prior to the
application of penetrant.
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10.2 The Penetrant may be applied by spray or brush and shall remain on the surface for not
less than 15 or more than 60 minutes. Care shall be taken particularly in warmer
climates to ensure the penetrant is not allowed to dry out.
10.3 Water washable penetrant may be removed by washing the surface with water
dampened cloths, or by low pressure (2 bar maximum) spraying.
10.4 Solvent removable penetrants shall have the excess surface penetrant removed by
wiping with absorbent lint free cloths or towels. When only a slight surface tint is the left
solvent dampened cloths may be wiped over the surface. Spraying solvent directly onto
the surface is not permitted.
10.5 Developer shall be applied from aerosol cans that shall be thoroughly agitated prior to
application.
10.6 For the colour contrast technique sufficient developer shall be applied to give a contrast
between the background and any indications detected. For the fluorescent technique a
minimum coating of developer shall be applied as no white contrast background is
required.
11.0 EVALUATION OF INDICATIONS
11.1 Initial evaluation shall be carried out immediately, with final evaluation carried out
between 15 and 30 minutes after the developer application.
11.2 Relevant indications: Indications caused by a mechanical discontinuity. The indication
of the discontinuity may be larger than the discontinuity that causes it, however, the
size of the indication is the basis for acceptance evaluation.
11.2.1 Questionable indications that can not be determined as relevant or non-relevant ever
after re-examination shall be considered as relevant.
11.3 Non-relevant indications: Indications caused by geometric or other factors and not
caused by a discontinuity.
11.4 Linear indications: Indications having a length greater than three times the width.
11.5 Rounded indications: Indications of circular or elliptical shape with a length less than
three times the width.
12.0 POST CLEANING
12.1 Unless specifically required all items will be left in the as tested condition. When
requested the Company will employ water and/or solvent dampened cloths to wipe the
surface clean. If higher levels of cleanliness are required contractual agreement will be
required.
13.0 REPORTING
13.1 A report detailing the items tested and the results obtained will be produced in either of
the following formats:
13.1.1 Hand written
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13.1.2 Computer generated
13.1.3 On the client’s own proprietary electronic reporting system.
13.2 A sample of the Company’s report pro forma is included within appendix 1.
14.0 ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA
14.1 Details of the applicable acceptance criteria are contained within appendix 4.
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APPENDIX 1
Sample report sheet
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APPENDIX 2
Techniques sheets
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APPENDIX 3
Client or Project Specific requirements
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APPENDIX 4
Acceptance Criteria
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