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2.ultrasonic Testing 36-13

The document discusses the transmission and reflection of ultrasonic waves at material interfaces, noting that only 1.3% of the original energy is transmitted back to the transducer after passing through a material. It highlights the significant reflection (99.996%) at an Air-Steel interface and explains the concept of refraction, where waves bend when transitioning between materials with different acoustic velocities. Snell's Law is introduced to describe the relationship between the angles and velocities of the waves at these interfaces.

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3 views1 page

2.ultrasonic Testing 36-13

The document discusses the transmission and reflection of ultrasonic waves at material interfaces, noting that only 1.3% of the original energy is transmitted back to the transducer after passing through a material. It highlights the significant reflection (99.996%) at an Air-Steel interface and explains the concept of refraction, where waves bend when transitioning between materials with different acoustic velocities. Snell's Law is introduced to describe the relationship between the angles and velocities of the waves at these interfaces.

Uploaded by

r.ganesan
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

wave exits the part back through the front surface, only 12% of 10.6 or 1.

3% of the
original energy is transmitted back to the transducer.
Note that in such calculation the attenuation of the signal as it travels through the
material is not considered. Should it be considered, the amount of signal received back
by the transducer would be even smaller.
Q: What portion of the signal will be reflected at an Air-Steel interface?
A: 99.996%

Refraction and Snell's Law


When an ultrasonic wave passes through an interface between two materials at an
oblique angle, and the materials have different indices of refraction, both reflected and
refracted waves are produced. This also occurs with light, which is why objects seen
across an interface appear to be shifted relative to where they really are. For example,
if you look straight down at an object at the bottom of a glass of water, it looks closer
than it really is.
Refraction takes place at an interface of two materials due to
the difference in acoustic velocities between the two
materials. The figure shows the case where plane sound
waves traveling in one material enters a second material that
has a higher acoustic velocity. When the wave encounters
the interface between these two materials, the portion of
the wave in the second material is moving faster than the
portion of the wave that is still in the first material. As a
result, this causes the wave to bend and change its direction
(this is referred to as “refraction ).
Snell's Law describes the relationship between the angles
and the velocities of the waves. Snell's law equates the ratio
of material velocities to the ratio of the sine's of incident
and refracted angles, as shown in the following equation:

sin � sin �
=
�� ��
Where;

Introduction to Non-Destructive Testing Techniques Instructor: Dr. Ala Hijazi

Ultrasonic Testing Page 13 of 36

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