1. In the following cases, a ray is incident on a concave mirror.
In which case is the angle of incidence
equal to zero ?
(a) A ray parallel to the principal axis
(b) A ray passing through the centre of curvature and incident obliquely
(c) A ray passing through the principal focus and incident obliquely
(d) A ray incident obliquely to the principal axis, at the pole of the mirror
2. At what distance from a convex lens should an object be placed to get an image of the same size as
that of the object on a screen ?
(a) Beyond twice the focal length of the lens
(b) At the principal focus of the lens
(c) At twice the focal length of the lens
(d) Between the optical centre of the lens and the principal focus
3. Absolute refractive indices of glass and water are 3/2 and 4/3 respectively. If the speed of light in
glass is 2 × 10⁸ m/s, the speed of light in water is :
(a) (9/4) × 10⁸ m/s
(b) (5/2) × 10⁸ m/s
(c) (7/3) × 10⁸ m/s
(d) (16/9) × 10⁸ m/s
4. How will the image formed by a convex lens be affected, if the upper half of the lens is wrapped with
a black paper ?
(a) The size of the image formed will be one-half of the size of the image due to complete lens
(b) The image of upper half of the object will not be formed
(c) The brightness of the image will reduce
(d) The lower half of the inverted image will not be formed
5. A student wants to obtain an erect image of an object using a concave mirror of 10 cm focal length.
What will be the distance of the object from mirror?
(a) less than 10 cm
(b) 10 cm
(c) between 10 cm and 20 cm
(d) more than 20 cm
6. An object is placed in front of a convex mirror. Its image is formed:
(a) at a distance equal to the object distance in front of the mirror.
(b) at twice the distance of the object in front of the mirror.
(c) half the distance of the object in front of the mirror.
(d) behind the mirror and its position varies according to the object distance.
7. The following diagram [Fig. 1.91] shows the use of an optical device to perform an experiment of light.
As per the arrangement shown, the optical device is likely to be a:
FIGURE 1.91
(a) Concave mirror
(b) Concave lens
(c) Convex mirror
(d) Convex lens
8. A ray of light starting from air passes through medium A of refractive index 1·50, enters medium B of
refractive index 1·33 and finally enters medium C of refractive index 2·42. If this ray emerges out in air
from C, then for which of the following pairs of media the bending of light is least?
(a) air–A
(b) A–B
(c) B–C
(d) C–air
9. If a lens can converge the sun rays at a point 20 cm away from its optical centre, the power of this lens
is:
(a) + 2 D
(b) – 2 D
(c) + 5 D
(d) – 5 D
10. The radius of curvature of a converging mirror is 30 cm. At what distance from the mirror should an
object be placed so as to obtain a virtual image?
(a) Infinity
(b) 30 cm
(c) Between 15 cm and 30 cm
(d) Between 0 cm and 15 cm
11. The lens system of human eye forms an image on a light sensitive screen, which is called as:
(a) cornea
(b) ciliary muscles
(c) optic nerves
(d) Retina
12. Consider the following statements in the context of human eye:
(A) The diameter of the eye ball is about 2-3 cm.
(B) Iris is a dark muscular diaphragm that controls the size of the pupil.
(C) Most of the refraction for the light rays entering the eye occurs at the crystalline lens.
(D) While focusing on the objects at different distances, the distance between the crystalline lens and
the retina is adjusted by ciliary muscles.
The correct statements are:
(a) (A) and (B)
(b) (A), (B), and (C)
(c) (B), (C), and (D)
(d) (A), (C), and (D)
13. The phenomena of light involved in the formation of a rainbow in the sky are:
(a) Refraction, dispersion and reflection
(b) Refraction, dispersion and internal reflection
(c) Dispersion, scattering and reflection
(d) Dispersion, refraction and internal reflection
14. When a beam of light passes through a region having very fine dust particles, the colour of light mainly
scattered in that region is:
(a) Red
(b) Orange
(c) Blue
(d) Yellow
15. The colour of light for which the refractive index of glass is minimum is:
(a) Red
(b) Yellow
(c) Green
(d) Violet
16. Assertion–Reason Type Questions
For questions numbering 16 to 18, two statements are given – one labelled Assertion (A) and the other
labelled Reason (R). Select the correct answers from the codes (a), (b), (c) and (d) as given below:
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of the assertion.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of the assertion.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true.
Assertion. Red light signals are used to stop vehicles on the road.
Reason. Red coloured light is scattered the most so as to be visible from the large distance.
17. Assertion. A myopic eye cannot see distant objects distinctly.
Reason. For the correction of myopia, converging lenses of appropriate powers are prescribed by the
eye surgeon.
18. Assertion. When a person cannot distinguish between different colours, he is said to be colour blind.
Reason. Retina of such a person’s eye may not possess some specific cells.
19. For the diagram shown [Fig. 2.21] according to the new cartesian convention, the magnification of the
image formed will have the following specifications:
FIGURE 2.21
(a) sign – positive, value less than 1
(b) sign – positive, value more than 1
(c) sign – negative, value less than 1
(d) sign – negative, value more than one
20. Which of the following statements is not true for scattering of light?
(a) Colour of the scattered light depends on size of particles of the atmosphere.
(b) Red light is scattered least in the atmosphere.
(c) Scattering of light takes place as colours of white light travel with different speeds in air.
(d) The fine particles in the atmospheric air scatter the blue light more strongly than red. So the
scattered blue light enters our eyes.
2marks questions
21 An object is placed at a distance of 10 cm from a convex mirror of focal length 15 cm. Find the position
of the image formed by the mirror.
22 Define the term absolute refractive index of a medium. A ray of light enters from vacuum to glass of
absolute refractive index 1.5. Find the speed of light in glass. The speed of light in vacuum is 3 x
108 m/s.
23 Define the following terms in the context of a diverging mirror:
(i) Principal focus
(ii) Focal length
Draw a labelled ray diagram to illustrate your answer.
24 When do we say that a particular person is suffering from hypermetropia? List two causes of this defect.
Name the type of lens used to correct this defect.
25 What is a rainbow? Draw a labelled diagram to show its formation.
26 The colour of the clear sky from the Earth appears blue but from space, it appears black. Why?
3marks questions
27 (A) Complete the following ray diagram to show the formation of image:
(B) Mention the nature, position and size of the image formed in this case.
(C) State the sign of the image distance in this case using the Cartesian sign convention
28 The refractive index of a medium 'x' with respect to a medium 'y' is 2/3 and the refractive index of
medium 'y' with respect to medium 'z' is 4/3. Find the refractive index of medium 'z' with respect to medium
'x'. If the speed of light in medium 'x' is 3 x 108 m s-1, calculate the speed of light in medium 'y.
29 Study the ray diagram given below and answer the questions that follow: (2020)
(a) Is the type of lens used converging or diverging?
(b) List three characteristics of the image formed.
(c) In which position of the object will the magnification be - 1?
30 Give reasons for the following.
(A) Danger signals installed at airports and at the top of tall buildings are of red colour.
(B) The sky appears dark to the passengers flying at very high altitudes.
(C) The path of a beam of light passing through a colloidal solution is visible.
31 It is observed that the power of an eye to see nearby objects as well as far off objects diminishes with age.
(A) Give reason for the above statement.
(B) Name the defect that is likely to arise in the eyes in such a condition.
(C) Draw a labelled ray diagram to show the type of corrective lens used for restoring the vision of such an
eye
32 Why is the Tyndall effect shown by colloidal particles? State four instances of observing the Tyndall effect
5marks questions
33 Hold a concave mirror in your hand and direct its reflecting surface towards the sun. Direct the light
reflected by the mirror on to a white card-board held close to the mirror. Move the card-board back and
forth gradually until you find a bright, sharp spot of light on the board. This spot of light is the image of the
sun on the sheet of paper; which is also termed as “Principal Focus” of the concave mirror. (CBSE 2023)
(A) List two applications of concave mirror.
(B) If the distance between the mirror and the principal focus is 15 cm, find the radius of
curvature of the mirror.
(C) Draw a ray diagram to show the type of image formed when an object is placed between
pole and focus of a concave mirror.
(D) An object 10 cm in size is placed at 100 cm in front of a concave mirror. If its image is formed
at the same point where the object is located, find:
(i) focal length of the mirror, and
(ii) magnification of the image formed with sign as per Cartesian sign convention.
34 Many optical instruments consists of a number of lenses. They are combined to increase the magnification
and sharpness of the image. The net power (P) of the lenses places in contact is given by the algebraic sum of
the powers of the individual lenses P1, P2, P3....as
P = P1 + P2 + P3...
This is also termed as the simple additive property of the power of lens, widely used to design lens systems
of cameras, microscopes and telescopes. These lens systems can have a combination of convex lenses and
also concave lenses. (2023)
(a) What is the nature (convergent/divergent) of the combination of a convex lens of power +4 D and a
concave lens of power -2 D?
(b) Calculate the focal length of a lens of power -2.5 D.
(c) Draw a ray diagram to show the nature and position of an image formed by a convex lens of power +0.1
D, when an object is placed at a distance of 20 cm from its optical centre.
35 Study the diagram given below and answer the questions that follow:
(i) Name the defect of vision represented in the diagram. Give reason for your answer.
(ii) List two causes of this defect.
(iii) With the help of a diagram show how this defect of vision is corrected.
36 What is meant by the term power of accommodation? Name the component of the eye that is responsible
for the power of accommodation.
(b) A student sitting at the back bench in a class has difficulty in reading. What could be his defect of vision?
Draw a ray diagram to illustrate the image formation of the blackboard when he is seated at the (i) back seat
and (ii) front seat. State two possible causes of this defect. Explain the method of correcting this defect with
the help of a ray diagram
37 (a) Write the function of each of the following parts of the human eye :
(i) Cornea
(ii) Iris
(iii) Crystalline lens
(iv) Ciliary muscles.
(b) Why does the sun appear reddish early in the morning? Will this phenomenon be observed by an
astronaut on the Moon? Give a reason to justify your answer
38 Varun instead of copying from the black board used to copy regularly from the notebook of his friend, Sudhir
with whom he sat on the same desk. Sudhir told the teacher about it. The teacher asked Varun to get his eyes
checked by a doctor and explained to the whole class the reason why Varun copied from Sudhir’s notebook.
(A) What in your view, is wrong with Varun’s eyes and how can it be corrected?
(B) If the doctor prescribes Varun to use lenses of power – 0.5 D, what is the type of the lenses?
(C) Write the values displayed by Sudhir and his teacher.