SAT MATH FORMULAS TO KNOW

LINES
For a line that goes through two points (x1,y1) and (x2,y2)
𝑦𝑦2 −𝑦𝑦1 𝑟𝑟𝑖𝑖𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑒
Slope of the line that connects the points, m = =
𝑥𝑥2 −𝑥𝑥1 𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟
𝑥𝑥1 +𝑥𝑥2 𝑦𝑦1 +𝑦𝑦2
Distance Formula = �(𝑥𝑥2 − 𝑥𝑥1 )2 + (𝑦𝑦2 − 𝑦𝑦1 )2 Midpoint Formula = � , �
2 2

Slope-Intercept Form: y = mx + b slope = m, y-int = (0, b)

𝐴𝐴 𝐶𝐶
Standard Form = Ax + By = C slope = − , y-int = �0, �
𝐵𝐵 𝐵𝐵

Horizontal line: y = #, m = 0 Vertical Line: x = #, m = undefined

Parallel lines = same slope, diff y-int Perpendicular lines = slopes are opposite reciprocals (i.e. 1/3, -3)
TRIANGLES
All Right Triangles Special Right Triangles All Triangles
30-60-90 45-45-90 1
𝐴𝐴 = 𝑏𝑏ℎ
2
c 2x 60°
b x 𝑥𝑥√2 45° x h
30° 45° b
a 𝑥𝑥√3 x
Longer Leg = Shorter leg*√3
Pythagorean Theorem Hypotenuse = Shorter leg*2 Hypotenuse = Leg*√2 h
𝑎𝑎2 + 𝑏𝑏 2 = 𝑐𝑐 2
Longer Leg b
Shorter Leg = Hypotenuse
√3 Leg =
Hypotenuse √2
or
2

CIRCLES

Central Angle:
m∠BAC = [Link] BC

Inscribed Angle:
1
m∠BEC = 2 [Link] BC
or
[Link] BC = 2*m∠BEC

MORGANTOWNMATHTUTOR@[Link] * [Link] * 304-314-4811

 SAT MATH FORMULAS TO KNOW
GEOMETRIC SHAPES & FIGURES
Plane Figures Pyramid (Square Base)
Rectangle Parallelogram Trapezoid B = Area of Base
b1 l = Slant Height
h h = Height
w w h
Total SA=LA + B
b b2 1
l LA = 4* 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠
Area = lw 1
2
Perimeter = 2l + 2w
Area = bh Area = (𝑏𝑏1 + 𝑏𝑏2 )ℎ Volume = 3 𝐵𝐵ℎ
1 B = 𝑠𝑠 2 or
2
B = TSA - LA
Solid Figures
Rectangular Solid Cylinder Cone Sphere

r
h
h
h s

w
r
l

Volume = lwh Volume = 𝜋𝜋𝑟𝑟 2 ℎ 1

Volume = 3 𝜋𝜋𝑟𝑟 2 ℎ
4
Volume = 3 𝜋𝜋𝑟𝑟 3
SA = 2lw + 2wh + 2lh SA = 2𝜋𝜋𝑟𝑟 2 + 2𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋ℎ
TRIGONOMETRY
SOH CAH TOA
opposite

𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜

sin θ = ℎ𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦 cos θ = ℎ𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦 tan θ = 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎

θ If m∠A + m∠B = 90, then

adjacent *sin A = cos B and sin B = cos A
*sin A = cos (90 – A) and cos A = sin (90 – A)
𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇 #
MEDIAN: 2
. If decimal, then round up; if whole number, then Median = AVG of that # & next #
QUADRATIC FUNCTIONS/PARABOLAS:
Vertex: 
−b  −b  
2
Standard Form: y = ax + bx + c  ,f 
 2a  2a  
Vertex Form: y = a(x-h)2 + k Vertex: (h, k)
X-intercepts: (p, 0) (q, 0)
Vertex:  p+q  p + q 
Intercept Form: y = a(x – p)(x – q)  ,f  
 2  2 
*x-ints are symmetric about vertex
QUADRATIC FORMULA: For ax2 + bx + c = 0
−𝑏𝑏±√𝑏𝑏2 −4𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 𝑏𝑏 𝑐𝑐
𝑥𝑥 = Sum of Roots = − Product of Roots =
2𝑎𝑎 𝑎𝑎 𝑎𝑎
2 2 2
#/Type of Roots: 𝑏𝑏 − 4𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 > 0 ► 2 Real 𝑏𝑏 − 4𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 = 0 ►1 Real 𝑏𝑏 − 4𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 < 0 ► 0 Real (2 Complex)

MORGANTOWNMATHTUTOR@[Link] * [Link] * 304-314-4811