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Multiple choice questions (MCQ)�

The development of the concept of the aJomic structure

0 The researchers who performed Rutherford's experiment are ............

0 Dalton and Thomson. 0 Geiger and Thomson.
0 Geiger and Marsden. 0 Marsden and Thomson.
f) The metal sheet used in Rutherford's experiment is lined with a layer of ............
@ ZnS2 (0 ZnS03 Q Zn2S @) ZnS
f) -The scientist who used the radioactivity phenomenon in identifying the composition
of the atom is ..............
.

0 Schrodinger. 0 Thomson. Q B ohr. @ Rutherford.

0 Rutherford's theory proved for the first time that the atom .... . · ......

0 is indivisible. 0 is electrically neutral.

0 contains a vast space. 0 is solid.
8 Which of the following observations shows the invalidity of the claim that the atom is
solid, as presumed by Thomson ?
0 Deviation of some alpha particles upon collision with the gold foil.
® Penetration of a small fraction of alpha particles upon collision with the gold foil.
Q Reflection of a high percentage of alpha particles upon collision with the gold foil.
@) Appearance of flashes on the sensitive plate behind the gold foil after falling of
alpha particles on it.
I
0 In the experiment which is illustrated in
I
the opposite figure.
What does the path of the rays (X) indicate ?
0 The presence of a dense part in the atom and
most of the atomic mass is concentrated in it .

0 The presence of negatively charged particles with zinc sulphide

revolving around the center of the atom.

Q The presence of the electrons inside the nucleus.

C) The atom is not a solid particle.

lesson One 85
 0 In the shown diagram : a-particles
(C)

Which of the rays proves that

the atom is not solid ? (A)

QA
(B)
oc Gold roil

0 In Rutherford's experiment, the deflection of a small fraction of a-particles (0)

shows that the atom contains ............

0 electrons. 0 protons. 0 nucleus. CD neutrons.
I
0 The gold foil experiment which was carried out in Rutherford's lab ...............
G confirmed Thomson's atomic theory.
() proved that the atom is positively charged.
0 led to discovering the nucleus of the atom.
0 entailed using a source of beta particles.
� Which of the following postulates belongs to Rutherford's model but not
to Thomson's ?
Q The atom is a sphere of uniform positive electric charges.
(0 The atom contains negatively charged electrons.
0 The atom contains a positively charged nucleus.
0 The atom is electrically neutral.
CD In Rutherford's experiment, the ratio of the number of alpha particles which bounced
back to that of the penetrating alpha particles is ...............

0 much more than I ('.) less than 1 0 equal to I CD a little more than 1
$ The scientist who designed the first atomic model on trial basis is ............
I 0 Rutherford. ® Thomson. 0 Bohr. @) Heisenberg.
G> The scientist who discovered that the electrons have negligible mass compared to
that of the nucleus is ............
0 Thomson. Q Bohr. Q Rutherford. @ Pauli.
CD Rutherford's model of atom ...............
G is the recently adopted model of atom.
C) assumed that the atom is solid.
Q explained the unique atomic spectrum of the different elements.
() assumed that the charge of the electrons is equivalent to the charge of the nucleus.

86 :haptr 2 Atomic Structure

 ? •

f9 After carrying out Rutherford's experiment using a foil of gold and alpha particles.
All the following were concluded, except .............. .

0 the small size of the nucleus of the atom.

® the charge of the nucleus.
0 the atomic masses of the elements.
0 that the most of the atomic volume is space.

4D When alpha particles and electrons are exposed to an electric field or

a magnetic field, they ...............

G) move with the same speed.

® pass in opposite directions to each other.
© pass together in the same direction.
@ are not affected by the electric field.

CD Each of the following is passed in an electric field :

t1) Alpha rays. -, Electrons.

3) A group of the nudei of the atoms of different elements.

Which of the following expresses the path of each of (1), (2) and (3) in this field ?

Choices (1) (2) (3)

Are deflected towards Are deflected towards
Q the positive pole
Take a straight path
the negative pole

Are deflected towards Are deflected towards

® the negative pole the positive pole
Take a straight path

Are deflected towards Are deflected towards Are deflected towards

0 the negative pole the positive pole the negative pole

Are deflected towards Are deflected towards Are deflected towards

@ the positive pol e the positive pole the negative pole

� The failure of Rutherford's atomic model is attributed to that it did not explain ........ ...... .

0 the nature of the movement of the electrons around the nucleus.

@ the presence of a nucleus in the atom.
© the presence of attraction forces between the nucleus and the electrons.
@ the presence of space between the nucleus and the electrons.
G> Which of the following is postulated by both Thomson and Rutherford ?
0 The atom is electrically neutral. CD The nucleus is positively charged.
Q The atom is a homogeneous sphere. 0 The atom is a solid sphere.

Lesson One 87
 [ Atomic emission spectra (Line spectra)

e The line spectrum of an element is characteristic, as no two elements can have

[ the same ...............

0 atomic number. ®atomic mass.

I 0 physical state. @physical properties.

G) What is the scientific contribution which led to concluding the electron configurations
of the elements ?

G The conclusion that the atom is electrically neutral.

G) Analyzing the Light emitted from the excited atoms.
0 Thomson's atomic model.
@)Rutherford's atomic model.
I
$ All the following are correct, except that ...............
@ the line spectrum of hydrogen atom is formed of four inseparable lines.
®the electrons are negatively charged.
©Bohr's atomic model introduced the concept of quantum to determine the energy
of the electrons in the energy levels.
@)in case of not gaining or losing energy, the atom is described to be stable.

Bohr's atomic model

I
e According to Bohr's theory, the orbit in which the electron revolves can be
I
determined through ...............

0 the electron mass. ®the electron energy.

©the electron charge. @)the nucleus charge.

� Through studying the line spectrum of an atom, it is possible to know ...............

® the isotopes of the element atom.
®the energy levels in the atom.
0 the composition of the nucleus of the atom.
@)the number of the neutrons inside the nucleus of the atom.
I
El) When an electron absorbs a quantum, it will transfer to ............
I C)() allall lower
higher energy levels.
energy levels.
I ©a higher energy level that matches the absorbed quantum.
@)a lower energy level that matches the absorbed quantum.

88 :hapter 2 Atomic Structure

 ? •

e When the electrons of an excited atom return to their original energy levels,
this results in the emission of ..... .... ...

0 ex-particles. ® !}-particles.
© energy in the form of line spectra. @) y-rays.
fa Each of the following is correct for the electron, except that ... ...........
@ the electron in the lower energy level absorbs energy to travel to a higher energy level.
® the amount of energy which is emitted from the excited electron equals the amount of
energy which is absorbed by the same electron to reach the stable state.

© the electron in the first energy level can be at infinite distance from the nucleus.
@) the electron can absorb different quanta of energy.
� The excited electron tends to .............. .

® absorb energy to return to its ground state.

® produce light with a definite wavelength and energy.
© stay in its unstable state.
@) settle in a higher energy level.

f) On comparing the position of an electron in its ground state, with its position
in the excited state, it is ...............

© in the second energy level. ® in the nucleus.

© closer to the nucleus. @) farther from the nucleus.
G The probability of an electron to exist in the region between two orbits according to
Bohr equals ............

0 100% ® 50% © 10% @) 0%

G) Which of the following supports the concept of quantum in determining the energy
I of the electrons 7

® The emission spectrum of hydrogen atom.

® The deflection of the electrons when found in an electric field.
© The deflection of some ex-particles upon colli�ion with gold foil.
@) The penetration of most of a-particles upon collision with gold foil.
G According to Bohr's atomic model, to travel from the first level K to
the fourth level , the electron .......... . ....

© acquires a quantum. C) loses a quantum.

© acquires 4 quanta. @ loses 4 quanta.
Lesson One 89
 E9 To obtain the visible spectrum of hydrogen atom for an electron that has been
excited to the energy level M, this electron must ...............

0 lose a quantum of energy less than that it has gained.

®gain a quantum of energy greater than that it has gained.
0 lose the quantum of energy it has already gained.
0 gain quantum of energy.

C» The visible line spectrum of hydrogen atom arises as a result of the return of
the excited electron from higher energy levels to the level ...............

OK (0L OM @N

G) Which of the following transitions of the electron in hydrogen atom results in

the emission of visible light ?

@ (n =5) - (n =2). (!) (n =3) - (n =1).

©(n= l) - (n=2). O en=3) -(n =4).

G) The opposite figure shows several travels of

n=4 A B C D
the electron of an excited hydrogen atom

::� _{=_ -1-·

-

between different energy levels. -- ___

Which of these travels produces a spectral line

of hydrogen atom ?

QA
oc n=I --- -----------�·

I
G) The spectral lines of the atom of any element indicate ...............
0 the number of electrons in the atom of this element.
®the energy of the level where the electron is present.
©the energy of the electron in the energy level.
@the difference in energy between two energy levels.

G The radiation whose wavelength is 486 nm lies in the region of ...............

0 infrared rays. ®UV rays. 0 visible light. @infraviolet rays.

CJ) The electron in hydrogen atom which is excited to the fourth energy level ...............
0 remains in the same new energy level.
C) returns to its ground state accompanied by visible spectrum only.
0 returns to its ground state in one jump or several successive jumps.
CD transfers to a higher energy level.

90 :hapter � Atomic Structure

 .,
•

CD) What is the chart which represents the relation between the difference in energy
between two consecutive levels in an atom and the distance from the nucleus ?

�
;:.-. ;:.-. ;:.-.
f_()
u
�
u
f_() ....
u u
�
c c c

\_
u u u
.:
r
c
·= .:

/
u u u
u
c
u
c
u
c
8
c

I
e e e e
�
.... . .!?
.... . �
'- ....
..!:!.

a a a a
Distance from Distance from Distance from Distance from
the nucleus che nucleus the nucleus the nucleus

Q ® 0 0
(D Bohr's model is applied to ... .........
0 11N a10+ ion. C'.) 2He atom. 0 4Be2+ ion. @) 6c6+ ion.

(!) Among the postulates of Bohr's atomic model is that ...............

G electrons can acquire any amount of energy.

0 it is impossible to determine the path of the electrons precisely.
() the energies of the electrons in different energy levels are determined through
the concept of quantum.
0 the electron has wave properties.
G Which of the following statements is consistent with Bohr's postulates ?
0 Space regions between energy levels are occupied by electrons.
() The electron moves in a planar circular path.
0 The electron is a negative particle with wave properties.
0 The electron revolves around the nucleus in all directions.
Q) Bohr's atomic model differs from that of Rutherford, this difference is obvious in
I Bohr's postulate that the electron ...............

0 produces a spectral Jfoe when it loses a quantum.

© is a negatively charged particle.
0 does not produce a spectral line when it loses a quantum.
0 revolves around the nucleus in certain orbits.

Essay questions
(!) r-=··- -��c:nn fnr •

( I The atom is electrically neutral.

(_J Alpha rays are deviated when exposed to a magnetic or an electric field in
a direction opposite to that of the electrons.
Lesson Ona 91