HOW TO WRITE CHAPTER II: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND
STUDIES
The Review of Related Literature and Studies (RRL) present and synthesizes existing
knowledge related to the research problem. It examines books, journal articles, theses,
dissertations, government publications, and other credible sources that provide theoretical and
empirical support for the study. Rather than merely summarizing previous works, the RRL
critically analyzes, compares, and synthesizes the literature to identify trends, similarities,
differences, and research gaps. This chapter establishes the scholarly foundation of the study and
demonstrates how the present research contributes to the existing body of knowledge.
In quantitative research, the RRL is commonly divided into two major sections: Related
Literature and Related Studies. The Related Literature discusses concepts, theories,
variables, and principles relevant to the study, while the Related Studies presents empirical
investigations that have examined similar topics or variables. The chapter usually concludes with
a Synthesis of the Reviewed Literature and Studies, which integrates the reviewed sources,
identifies the research gap, and explains how the present study differs from previous
investigations.
Structure of Chapter 2
A. Review of Related Literature
The related literature discusses concepts, theories, and information relevant to the variables of
the study. It should be organized into thematic subtopics rather than by author.
Example:
AI in Education
Meaning of Artificial Intelligence
AI in Teaching and Learning
Benefits of AI in Education
Challenges of AI Integration
AI Tool Utilization
Frequency of AI Use
Purpose of AI Use
Writing Tasks Supported by AI
Reliance on AI Assistance
Academic Writing Proficiency
Academic Writing
Content and Substance
Organization of Ideas
Grammar and Mechanics
Academic Citation and Referencing
Instructional Enhancement Programs
Purpose of Instructional Programs
English Writing Interventions
Technology-Enhanced Writing Instruction
B. Review of Related Studies
The related studies present previous research related to the variables.
They are usually divided into:
Foreign Studies
Discuss international research.
Local Studies
Discuss Philippine research.
Arrange them either:
Chronologically (oldest to newest), or
Thematically (recommended).
C. Synthesis of the Reviewed Literature and Studies
The synthesis integrates all the literature and studies reviewed.
It should answer:
What do previous studies agree on?
What are their differences?
What gap exists?
How will the present study fill the gap?
Pattern for Writing Each Literature
Instead of simply summarizing one article after another, use this pattern.
Step 1
Introduce the topic.
Step 2
Discuss the literature.
Step 3
Explain its relevance.
Step 4
Connect it to your study.
Sample
AI Tool Utilization
Artificial intelligence has become an important educational technology that supports learners in
performing various academic tasks. AI-powered applications assist students in generating ideas,
organizing information, improving grammar, and refining written outputs. These technologies
have transformed learning by providing immediate feedback and personalized academic support.
Kasneci et al. (2023) explained that AI tools can improve learning efficiency by assisting
students with brainstorming, drafting, and revising written work. However, the authors
emphasized that AI should complement rather than replace learners' critical thinking and
independent learning processes. They further argued that responsible AI utilization requires
appropriate guidance from teachers and educational institutions to ensure ethical and meaningful
learning.
The literature suggests that AI can be a valuable learning resource when used appropriately. This
concept supports the present study because it explains the importance of examining how Grade
12 HUMSS learners utilize AI tools and whether such utilization is associated with their
academic writing proficiency.
Pattern for Writing Each Related Study
Instead of merely reporting the results, use this format.
Step 1
Introduce the study.
Step 2
Present the methodology.
Step 3
Present the findings.
Step 4
Explain its relevance.
Sample
Foreign Study
Kasneci et al. (2023) examined the opportunities and challenges of using large language models
such as ChatGPT in education. Through a comprehensive review of existing literature, the
authors found that AI technologies can support personalized learning, improve writing
assistance, and enhance student engagement. However, they also identified concerns regarding
overreliance on AI, academic integrity, and the possible decline of critical thinking skills.
The study is relevant to the present research because it highlights both the benefits and
challenges of AI utilization in academic writing. It provides theoretical support for examining
how learners' use of AI tools may relate to their academic writing proficiency.
Pattern for the Synthesis
Step 1
Summarize the literature.
Step 2
Summarize the studies.
Step 3
Identify similarities.
Step 4
Identify differences.
Step 5
State the research gap.
Step 6
Connect to the present study.
Sample
Synthesis of the Reviewed Literature and Studies
The reviewed literature emphasizes that artificial intelligence has become an important
educational technology capable of enhancing teaching, learning, and academic writing. Previous
authors consistently reported that AI tools assist learners in idea generation, language
improvement, organization of written outputs, and writing efficiency. Likewise, the reviewed
studies revealed that AI utilization has the potential to improve academic performance when
used responsibly and with appropriate teacher guidance.
Despite these findings, most existing studies focused on learners' awareness, perceptions,
acceptance, and general use of AI technologies. Only a limited number of investigations
examined the relationship between AI tool utilization and academic writing proficiency among
senior high school learners, particularly those enrolled in the HUMSS strand. Furthermore, few
school-based studies have explored this relationship within the Philippine context.
These identified gaps justify the conduct of the present study. Unlike previous investigations,
this research specifically examines the relationship between AI tool utilization and the academic
writing proficiency of Grade 12 HUMSS learners at Solano High School. The findings are
expected to provide empirical evidence that will serve as the basis for developing a Proposed
Instructional Enhancement Program for English Writing.
Recommended Chapter 2 Outline for Your Study
CHAPTER II – REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES
A. Review of Related Literature
1. Artificial Intelligence in Education
2. AI Tool Utilization
Frequency of Use
Purpose of Use
Writing Tasks Supported by AI
Extent of Reliance on AI-Generated Assistance
3. Academic Writing Proficiency
Academic Writing
Content and Substance
Organization of Ideas
Grammar and Mechanics
Academic Citation and Referencing
4. Responsible and Ethical Use of AI in Education
5. Instructional Enhancement Programs for English Writing
B. Review of Related Studies
Foreign Studies
Local Studies
C. Synthesis of the Reviewed Literature and Studies