9th

Computer

Planner
Ch# 1 Problem Solving

Ch#2 Binary System

Ch# 3 Netwoks

Ch#4 Data and Privacy

Ch#5 Designing Website

 Weekly Block Division
Class 9th (Computer)
Week Date Syllabus
1st Chapter 2 “Binary System” Introduction to Number system, Number
system Conversion (pg:34-39)
2nd Memory & Data Storage, Measurement of size of Computer memory,
Boolean Algebra (Boolean Proposition + Truth values) (pg: 39-44)
3rd Boolean Algebra (Logical Operators + Truth Table + Laws of Boolean
Algebra), Logical Expression (pg:45-49)
4th Exercise of chapter 2, chapter 1 “Problem Solving” Problem solving steps
(Defining a problem + Understanding a problem + Planning a solution +
Defining Candid Solutions) (pg:2-5)
5th Problem Solving steps(Selecting the Best Solution), Flowcharts [Definitions
+ Importance + Determining Requirements + Flowcharts symbols +
Flowcharts Examples (1-4) ] (pg:6-9)
6th Examples of Flowcharts (pg: 10-15)
7th Algorithm [ Definition + Role of Algorithm + Formulation +Examples (1-5 +
Activity)] (pg;15-20)
8th Examples of Algorithm (6-9), Efficiency of Algorithms, Difference between
an algorithm & a flowcharts, Test Data (pg:20-24)
9th Test Data (Importance + Types of Test Data), Verification & Validation,
Identification & Correction of Errors, Exercise of chapter 1 (pg:25-32)
10th Chapter : 3 “Network” Computer Network, Physical Structure of Network
(Types of Connection) (pg: 54-58)
11th Network topologies, Basics of Data Communication, Computer Network
Models (pg: 58-63)
12th Computer Network models (Layers + Protocols), The Need for addressing,
Sending HTTP Requests & Responses. (pg:63-68)
13th Routing, Exercise of chapter 3, Chapter 4”Data & Privacy” Ethical issues
Related to security (pg:68-78)
14th Safeguarding Privacy of others, Importance of Data Privacy, Simple
Encryption (pg:78-81)
15th Importance of Encryption, Substitution Cipher Methods (pg:82-85)
16th Using Vigenere Cipher Widget, Encrypted with Random Substitution,
Weaknesses & Security Flaws, Encryption with keys & Passwords(pg:86-89)
17th Cybercrime, Phishing Attack, DOS Attack, Exercise of chapter 4 (pg: 90-97)
18th Chapter 5 “Designing Website” Introduction to html , Activity 5.1 (pg: 100-
103)
19th Text Formatting, Creating Lists (pg:103-107)
20th Image & Background, Define a Hyperlink (pg: 107-110)
21st Creating Tables, Exercise of chapter 5 (pg:110-116)
1.1 Problem Solving Steps
1. What is Problem?
Answer:
A problem is a situation or matter that requires proper attention to be resolved. People solve
different problems every day. Every problem is different in its nature. Some problems are more
complex and require more attention to identify the solution.
2. Define Problem solving / How to solve a problem?
Answer:
Problem Solving is a process of identifying a problem and finding the best solution for it. Problem
solving is a thinking process. It is a skill that can be developed by following a well-organized
approach. Different solutions of a problem can be identified and the best solution is selected.
3. Write the names of steps that are involved in problem solving.
Answer:
The steps involved in problem solving are following:
• Defining the Problem
• Problem Analysis/Understanding a Problem
• Planning the solution of a problem
• Candid solution of a problem
• Selecting the best solution
1.1.1 Defining a Problem:
1. What is a well-defined problem and how it is defined? / How is a problem defined?
• Well defined problem
• Importance
• Strategies to define a problem
2. What Albert Einstein said about saving the planet?
1.1.2 Understanding a Problem
1. What is problem analysis? Explain your answer with an example.
2. List five Ws to understand a problem.
3. How do the traffic signals represent the problem to solution?
Activity 1.1
Solution:
The 5ws for this problem are as following:
1. What List of top 5% students in mathematics
List of top 5% students in physics
List of students having 90% marks in both subjects
2. Who Students
3. Why To find out the most brilliant students in mathematics and physics
4. When As soon as possible
5. Where At school

1.1.3 Planning a Solution

1. On what factors the selection of strategy depends upon? (pg#4 last paragraph)
2. Explain different strategies to plan the solution of a problem.
1.1.4 Defining candid Solutions
1. What is candid solution of a problem?
2. Is it necessary that the candid solution be the actual solution of a problem?
1.1.5 Selecting the Best Solution
 1. How is the best solution for a problem selected? Give an example.
2. Write down different factors that affect the selection of a particular solution.
Answer:
There are different factors that affect the selection of a particular solution. The basic factors used
to select a solution are as follows:
i. Speed: The selected solution must provide quick and fast result.
ii. Cost: A solution must be affordable and cost effective. A solution may be
very efficient and speedy but it may not be selected if its cost is too high.
iii. Complexity: The selected solution must be easy and user friendly. A solution
should not be selected if it is too complex to use and implement.
Long Question: Write the steps of Problem solving (pg# 2-6)
1.2 Flowcharts
1.2.1 Definition
1. What is flowchart? Explain your answer with an example.
1.2.2 Importance of Flowcharts in Problem Solving
1. How are flowcharts useful? / How are flowcharts helpful in problem solving? OR How can
you describe the importance of a flowchart? OR Write any three advantages of flowchart.
2. Write a way to check the flowchart requirements.
1.2.3 Determining the Requirements for a Flowchart
1. Define inputs.
2. What is processing?
3. What is decision making?
4. Define outputs.
1.2.4 Flowchart Symbols
1. How can we verify the arrangements of steps of flowchart?
2. How is a flowchart constructed?
3. How can we show the sequence of the execution of the steps in flowchart?
4. Which symbol is used to show processing in flowchart?
5. What is the purpose of parallelogram and rectangle symbol in flowchart?
6. Which symbol is used to start and end the flowchart?
7. What is the use of decision symbol?
Long Question: 1. what is flowchart? How do you determine its requirement?
2. What is flowchart? Describe its symbols.
1.2.5 Examples of Flowcharts
1.2 Algorithm
1.3.1 Definition
1. Define Algorithm.
2. Write down the algorithm for preparation tea.
3. Who gave the concept of algorithm?
1.3.2 Role of Algorithm in Problem Solving
1. What is the role of algorithm in solving a problem?
2. Draw a figure which shows the role of algorithm in problem solving.
1.3.3 Formulation of an Algorithm
1. What is the purpose of start notation in algorithm?
2. Why we use input and output notation in algorithm?
3. Write down the purpose of set notation.
4. Why we use if, else notation in algorithm?
5. Describe the purpose of Goto notation in algorithm.
6. What is the termination point of an algorithm?
Long Question: 1. what is algorithm? Explain the formulation of algorithm in detail.
2. Define algorithm and argue on its role and importance in problem solving?
• Algorithm
 • Writer
• Example
• Role of Algorithm
• Figure
1.3.4 Examples of Algorithms
Activity 1.6
Solution:
Step1: Start
Step2: Set a = 25
Step3: Set b = 45
Step4: Set c = 65
Step5: Set average = (a+b+c) / 3
Step6: Print average
Step7: End
Activity 1.8
Area of triangle
Solution:
Step1: Start
Step2: Input three sides of the triangle in a, b, c
Step3: Set s = (a+b+c) / 2
Step4: Set area = √𝑠 ∗ (𝑠 − 𝑎) ∗ (𝑠 − 𝑏) ∗ (𝑠 − 𝑐)
Step5: Print area of triangle
Step6: End
Area of rhombus
Solution:
Step1: Start
Step2: Input length of diagonals d1, d2
Step3: Set area = (d1 x d2) / 2
Step4: Print area of rhombus
Step5: End

Area of trapezium
Solution:
Step1: Start
Step2: Input two parallel side b1, b2
Step3: Input height
Step4: Set area = (b1 + b2) / 2 x height
Step5: Print area of trapezium
Step6: End
1.3.5 Efficiency of Algorithms
1. On which metrics, efficiency of an algorithm is measured? OR How do we measure the
efficiency of an algorithm?
2. Is it necessary for an algorithm to solve problem in finite number of steps? If yes, why?
3. What is the role of input in the efficiency of an algorithm?
1.3.6 Difference between Algorithm and a Flowchart
1. Compare advantages and disadvantages of flowcharts and algorithm.
2. Write the difference between an algorithm and a flowchart.
Answer:
Flowchart Algorithm
Standard symbols are used to design Simple English is used to write algorithm.
flowchart.
Flowchart is more time-consuming. Algorithm is less time-consuming.
It is difficult to modify. It is easier to modify.
It is a graphical representation of solution. It is a step-by-step procedure to solve a
problem.
It shows the flow of different steps very It does not show the flow of different steps
clearly. very clearly.
1.4 Test Data
What is test data?
1.4.1 Importance of Testing
1. Why is testing of a solution important?
2. How could you describe the importance of testing data?
1.4.2 Types of Test Data
1. Write down the types of test data in detail.
2. Differentiate between valid and invalid test data.
Long Question: Describe Test Data and its types,
1.5 Verification and Validation
1.5.1 Verification
What is the process of verification?
1.5.2 Validation
1. What is the process of validation?
2. Explain verification and validation with example.
3. Differentiate Verification and Validation.
1.6 Identification and Correction of Errors
1. How are errors in an algorithm identified and corrected? Explain with example.

1.6.1 Trace Table

1. How can you define the trace table?
2. What is the role of trace table in identification and correction of error?
2.6.2 Using Invalid Data for Testing
1. Why do we use invalid data to test an algorithm?
Exercise
1.1 Answer the following questions:
Answer: (1)
Total heads = 35 Rough:
Total legs = 110 Total cow legs = 20 x 4 = 80
How many cows and birds =? Total bird legs = 15 x 2 = 30
Each cow has legs = 4 80 + 30 is 110
Each birds has legs = 2
In a farm total cows = 20
In a farm total birds = 15
1.4 Draw the Flowcharts
1. Input two numbers n1 and n2. Determine whether n1 divides n2 or not.

Start

Input n1, n2

No yes
N2 mod
n1 = 0

Print n1 does Print n1

not divide n2 divides n2

End

2. Input a year and determine whether it is a leap year or not.

Start

Input year

No Year mod yes

4=0

Print not leap year Print leap year

End
Input a number and calculate its factorial.

Start

Input num

Fact = 1, count = 1

Count<=num

Fact= Fact x count

Count= count+1

Print Fact

End
 Find LCM (least common multiple) of two numbers.

Start

Input x, y

LCM = y X<y LCM = x

LCM = LCM +1

LCM mod x =
0

LCM mod y=
0

Print LCM

End
 Start

Input a, b

L=max (a,b)

If(L%a==0&&L
Output L
%b==0)

End

L=L+1
 Input a number and display its factors.

Start

Input num

C=1

num mod
c=0

Print num

C<=
C=c+1 num

End

2.1 Introduction to Number System

1. What is number system?
2. What do you mean by the base or radix of a number system?
3. List three types of number system?
Number system

Decimal Number Binary Number Hexadecimal

System System Number System
2.1.1 Decimal
1. Define decimal number system
i. Definition
 ii.
Example
iii.
Other name
2.1.2 Binary
1. What do you know about binary number system?
i. Definition
ii. Importance
iii. Example
2.1.3 Hexadecimal
What is hexadecimal number system?
2.2 Number System Conversion
Conversion

Decimal to Binary Decimal to Hexadecimal Hexadecimal to Binary

Binary to Decimal Hexadecimal to Decimal Binary to Hexadecimal

2.2.1 Decimal to Binary and Binary to Decimal

(* Explain well and then make the class to solve these on notes.)
1. Convert following into binary system.
(672)10, (307)10, (908)10, (375)10, (67)10, (2054)10
2. Convert following into decimal number system.
(100011)2, (1000101)2, (1101.01)2, (1001.11)2

2.2.2 Decimal to Hexadecimal and Hexadecimal to Decimal

1. Convert following into hexadecimal number system.
(20154)10, (51489)10, (20154)10
2. Solve activity 2.5 in class
3. Convert following into decimal number system.
(10FEA)16, (3F8A)16, (1C2)16, (B34)16
(*Explain table 2.4 in detail and make the class to understand it.)

2.2.3 Hexadecimal to Binary and Binary to Hexadecimal

1. Convert following into binary number system.
(89)16, (1C2)16, (2E0F)16
Q: 2.4 part 1
2. Convert following into hexadecimal number system.
(11001011)2, (110010100101)2, (001101011)2, (11000001)2
Q: 2.4 part 2
2.3 Memory and Data Storage
(* Explain shortly don’t go in detail for the types of RAM and ROM.
* Show physically RAM and ROM.)
Main memory

RAM ROM

SRAM DRAM PROM EPROM EEPROM

 2.3.1 Memory
1. Define computer memory and writes its types.
2. What is Volatile memory? Give an example.
3. What is non- Volatile memory? Give an example.
4. Differentiate between primary storage (volatile) and secondary storage (non-
volatile). (Book Q: 2.2 part 2)
Primary storage Secondary storage
(Volatile) (non-Volatile)
• Definition
• Power Supply
• Example
5. Why RAM is called volatile?
Answer: RAM is temporary memory. When the power is turned off, the
information in this memory is lost, that is why it is called volatile memory.
2.3.2 Data Representation in Computer Memory
1. How is data represented in computer?
2. What is ASCII?
Do activity 2.6 in notes.
2.3.3 Storage Device
1. What is a storage devise?
• Definition
• Uses
• Types
2. Differentiate between memory and storage.(make headings in table 2.7)
3. Differentiate between temporary and permanent storage. (Book Q:2.2 part 4)
2.4 Measurement of Size of Computer Memory
(*Make the class to understand the table 2.8 well. They must be able to do
basics conversion.)

Memory Unit

Bit Byte

1. Differentiate between bit and byte.

Bit Byte
i- A bit is the smallest unit of i- A byte is comprised of 8 bits.
data that can be stored in ii- Byte can hold 256 different
computer’s memory. values.
ii- Bit has an ability to store iii- At least one byte is required
only two different values i.e. to store any piece of
0 and 1. information in a computer’s
iii- Bits are grouped together to storage.
form byte.

2.5 Boolean Algebra

2.5.1 Boolean Proposition
1. What is Boolean algebra?
 Answer: Boolean algebra was invented by George Boole in 1854. Boolean algebra
concepts are mainly based on the digits or number 0 and [Link] are mainly used
in Computer science. It is also called as Binary Algebra or logical Algebra.
2. Who gave the idea of Boolean Proposition?
3. What is Boolean Proposition? Give example.
4. What are Boolean values?
2.5.2 Truth Values
1. What do you mean by truth values? Give an example.
• Definition
• Basis
• Example
2. On what factor the truth value of a compound proposition depends upon?
2.5.3 Logical Operators (AND, OR, NOT)
1. What are logical operators? Write the names of three logical operators.
2. Define compound Boolean proposition with example.
3. Define Logical expression.
Answer: Logical expression is Boolean proposition in which some logical operator
is applied. The result of logical expression is either true or false. The logical
expression is also known as Boolean expression.
4. Write the symbol and uses of AND, OR and NOT operators. ((*mark on
book)
2.5.4 Truth Table
1. What is truth table?
• Truth table
• use
2. Draw truth table for AND, OR and NOT operators. (*Note: Make children to
able to draw table for AND, OR and NOT operators. Tell that in standard form we
write T first and then F.)
3. Explain truth table for complex Boolean expressions.
4. Q: 2.2 part 5 in notes
2.5.5 Laws of Boolean algebra
1. State the use of laws of Boolean algebra.
2. What is commutative law of Boolean algebra?
3. What is Associative law of Boolean algebra?
4. What is distributive law of Boolean algebra?
5. What is identity law of Boolean algebra?
2.5.6 Logical Expressions
What is logical expression?
(*Note: Explain do you know part given on pg# 50 to your class.)
Exercise
2.2 Answer the following questions
3. Store the word ”Phone” in computer memory starting from address
7003 where each letter need one byte to store in the memory.
Letter P h O N E
Decimal value 80 104 111 110 101
Binary Value 01010000 01101000 01101111 01101110 01100101
Memory address 7003 7004 7005 7006 7007
3.1 Computer Network
1. Define communication channel.
2. Define computer network
3. Define network of networks.
3.1.1 Need of a Computer Network
1. Why do we need a computer network? / write the use of computer network.
2. How are computer connected in computer network?
3. Define file sharing.
4. How does file sharing help us in our daily tasks?
5. What is meant by hardware sharing, give its example?
6. What is meant by application sharing? Explain with example.(Q: 3.3 part 8)
7. What do you mean by sharing a single internet connection?
8. What is video conferencing OR user communication?
9. How does the computer network help to increase storage capacity? / How storage
capacity can be increased over a computer network?
10. Write down the difference between computers/ file server and Work station.
Answer:
Computer/file Server Work Station
Server is software which responds to Work station is a computer which is
services requested by a client. used to access LAN or internet to get
access to document or do dedicated
work.
A computer providing the storage is A computer accessing the space is
called file server. called work station.
11. Write name of two services to save data or files.
Long Question:
➢ Explain the Need of a computer Network.
3.1.1 Need of a Computer Network
o Use of Computer Network
o Examples of resource sharing
o File sharing
• Our daily task
• Example
o Hardware Sharing
• Figure
o Application Sharing
o Sharing a single Internet connection
o User Communication
• Example
o Increase storage capacity
3.1.2 Client server
1. What do you mean by server and client? OR How client and server communicate
with each other? (Q: 3.3 part 1)
2. What are the functions of server?
3. What are the functions of client?
(*Explain the client and server relation (request and response) + draw figure
 Request
Client Server

Response
4. Write two examples of remote storage service.
3.2 Physical Structure of Networks
3.2.1 Types of connection
1. How many types of connections are in physical structure of network?
2. Differentiate between point-to-point connection and multipoint connection.(Q: 3.3
part 7)
3.2.2 Network Topologies
1. Define topology of network.
2. What are the basic network topologies?
3. Define bus topology.
4. What is the process of bus topology?
5. Define star topology.
6. What do you mean by hub?
7. What is the difference between bus topology and star topology?
8. What are the advantages and disadvantages of star topology over bus topology? (Q:3.3
part 9)
9. What is ring topology?
10. How many directions are there to send the data in ring topology?
11. How data can be sent in unidirectional ring topology?
12. How data can travel in bi-directional ring topology?
13. What happens when there is a failure of connection in ring topology?
14. What is mesh topology?
15. Give the comparison between ring topology and mesh topology?
Long Question:
What is network topology? Describe bus, star, ring and mesh topologies with a diagram of
each.
Network topologies
Definition
Basic topologies
Bus Topology
Backbone
Connection
Affect
Figure
Star Topology
Connection
Central device
Affect
Figure
Ring Topology
Connection
Unidirectional
Clockwise
Anticlockwise
Bidirectional
Affect
Figure
Mesh Topology
 Connection
Expensiveness
Reliability
Figure
3.3 Basics of Data Communication
What does communication refers? OR What is meant by data communication?
3.3.1 Components of a Communication System
1. Why do we need a communication system?
2. What are the components of data communication?(Q: 3.3 part2)
3. Define Sender OR What do you mean by source or transmitter?
4. Define receiver OR sink.
5. Define message.
6. How many parts a message consist of?
7. Write difference between payload and control information?
8. Define protocol.
9. What is meant by transmission medium or communication channel?
10. Can a transmission medium use multiple channels at a time? Explain with example.
11. How are sender and receiver connected in data communication?
Long Question:
1. Write a note on Communication.
2. Describe the Components of a Communication system.
3.3 Basics of Data Communication
• Definition
• Components
• Example
• Sender
• Receiver
• Message
▪ Parts
▪ Payload
▪ Control information
▪ Example
• Protocol
• Transmission Medium
▪ Wire
▪ Wireless
▪ Figure
3.4 Computer Network Models
1. What do you mean by transmission control or communication model?
2. Write the names of TCP/IP layers.
3. What is TCP/IP protocol? OR Write the full form of TCP/IP.
4. What is application layer?
5. What is the purpose/function of application layer?
6. What is transport layer?
7. Explain the transport layer with the example of postal system.
8. What is called port number?
9. What is network layer?
• Definition
• Purpose
• Example
10. What is data link layer?
 • Definition
• Purpose/ function
11. Give an example of the protocol used at data link layer.
12. Give the example of data link layer with respect to postal system?
13. What is physical layer?
14. What is meant by data header?
15. Define encapsulation.
Long Question:
What is TCP/IP? Describe its five layers with their functions.
3.4 Computer Network Models
• Define
• Layer in TCP / IP
• Draw Table
• Application Layer
• Transport Layer
• Network Layer
• Data Link Layer
• Physical Layer
• Encapsulation
3.4.1 Protocols in TCP/IP Suit
1. What are protocols in TCP/IP suit?
2. What is FTP?
3. Define HTTP.
4. What is SMTP?
3.5 The Need for Addressing
1. What is packet?
2. Who assembles the packet?
3. What do you mean by port number?
3.5.1 Importance of Addressing in Data Communication
What is the importance of addressing in Data Communication?
3.5.2 Mapping between telephone Addressing and Network addressing
1. Differentiate between static IP and dynamic IP? (Q: 3.3 part 4)
Static IP Dynamic IP
Static IP address does not change any time. Dynamic IP address change any time.
It is provided by ISP (Internet Service It is provided by DHCP (Dynamic Host
Provider). Configuration Protocol).
The device designed by static IP address can The device designed by dynamic IP address
be trace. can’t be trace.
2. How telephone addressing relate with network addressing? (Q: 3.3 part 3)

3.6 Sending HTTP Request and Receiving HTTP Responses over the Internet
1. What does the word www stands for?
2. What is HTTP request?
3. What does the word URL stands for?
4. What is HTTP server?
5. What are the uses of web browsers? / Working of web browser? (Q: 3.3 part 6)
3.6.1 Understanding IP Addressing
1. Who assigns the IP address?
2. Write the full form of DHCP.
3. How many standards are there for IP addressing?
4. Who was developed IPv6?
 5. Explain the method to calculate the sizes of IPv4 and IPv6.
6. Differentiate between IPv4 and IPv6.

IPv4 IPv6
Full form
Groups
Separation
Size
Total bits
Example
Long Question:
Write a note on IP address?
What are the sizes of IPv4 and IPv6? Explain the method to calculate the size of these both
standards.
3.6.1 Understanding IP Addressing
• IP address
• DHCP
• Standard
• IPv4
▪ Groups
▪ Value / Limit
▪ Separation
▪ Memory / size
▪ Provided addresses
▪ Example
• IPv6
▪ Developed by
▪ Groups
▪ Digit
▪ Separation
▪ Memory / size
▪ Provided addresses
▪ Example

3.7 Routing
3.7.1 Understand a Router
1. What is Router?
2. How a router analyses destination IP address?
3. Where a router placed?
4. How a router forwards a packet?
3.7.2 Routing in the Internet
1. What does the word ISP stands for?
2. What is the function of Router?
3.7.3 Routing Process
1. What is Routing?
2. How many address are there in routing?
3. What is the use of destination address?
4. What is the use of source address?
5. How does routing process work in networking?
6. What is routing table?
Long Questions:
What is router? Explain the routing process with the help of an example.
 Exercise: 3.2(10) Write short answers.
In a client server model, is client software or hardware? Give reasons to support your
answer.
Answers: In general, a client is a hardware device. A cell phone, laptop and desktop
computer is a client. However, the software running on that hardware makes it a client.

Introduction
1. What are computer ethics?
Answer: Computer ethics are moral rules and guidelines that determine the proper use of
computer system. The computer should be used according to the ethics in order to avoid any
problem in the society.
2. What is information privacy or data privacy?
4.1 Ethical Issues Related to Security
4.1.1 Understanding Ethical Issues Related to security
1. List out data security issues?
2. What do you mean by confidentiality and privacy?
3. What does the word piracy means?
4. What do you mean by software piracy?
5. What is Key?
6. What do you mean by cracking of key?
7. Define the types of software piracy?
8. Has open source software copyright reservation?
9. Is software industry prepared to battle against software piracy?
Answer: The software industry is prepared to battle against software piracy. The
courts are dealing with an increasing number of lawsuits concerning the
protection of software.
10. What do you mean by fraud and misuse?
11. Define phishing?
12. Differentiate between authorized and unauthorized access.
Answer: The process of accessing a computer system and its resource legally is called
authorized access. The process of accessing a computer system and its resources
illegally is called unauthorized access.
13. What is patent? Explain with example OR what is the use of patent?
14. What do you mean by copyright Law? Explain with example.
15. What are Trade Secrets?
16. Why is it important to keep trade secrets in the computer science field?
17. Define Sabotage?
18. Define Virus? OR What do you mean by virus?
Long Question:
➢ Explain Ethical issues related to Security.
➢ Define software piracy. Also explain its types in detail.
➢ Write a note on software piracy.
➢ Write down note on piracy & copyright.
4.1.2 Safeguarding the Privacy of others
1. What is purpose of road cameras?
2. What is the full form of NADRA?
3. What is the full form of CCTV?
4. What is the duty of an organisation?
5. Are most of the websites declaring their privacy policy?
Long Question:
 Explain safeguarding privacy of others.
4.2 Importance of Data Privacy
4.2.1 Privacy Concerns That Arise Through the Mass Collection of Data
1. Give some examples of the organisation that store data of the people in computer?
2. What is meant by data brokers?
4.2.2 Analyzing the Personal Privacy and Security Concerns that Arise with any use of
Computational Systems
1. Define Confidentiality.
2. What is integrity in security concerns?
3. What do you mean by availability in security concerns?
4. What is computation?
5. What is meant by cookies?
Long Question:
4.2.2 Analyzing the Personal Privacy and security concerns ……

• Define
• Aspects
▪ Confidentiality
▪ Integrity
▪ Availability
• Computation
• Example
• Cookies
• Use of cookies

4.3 Simple Encryption

1. Define Encryption?
2. What do you mean by encoding?
3. Define Plain text.
4. Define Ciphertext.
5. Define Decryption?
Answer: Decryption is the process of converting ciphertext back to plaintext with
the help of key.
Key
C.T P.T

6. What is key/ secret code?

7. How were message protected in ancient times?
8. Define Hacker.
9. What is encryption and decryption process explains with figure? OR Differentiate
between encryption and decryption.
(*C.W Do activity 4.1 in notes
H.W activity 4.2)
4.3.1 Importance of Encryption for Everyday Life on the Internet
1. Why encryption is important?
2. Explain protection from hackers with example.
3. Is encryption used for protecting privacy?
Long Question:
Describe the importance of Encryption for everyday Life on the Internet.
4.3.2 Substitution Cipher Methods
1. What is substitution cipher method?
[Link] Caesar Cipher
1. Who was Caesar?
 2. What did Caesar do?
3. What is Caesar cipher method? / What do we perform in Caesar cipher
method?
4. (*C.W Do activity 4.3 in notes)
[Link] Vigenere Cipher
1. Define Vigenere Cipher.
2. What is Vigenere cipher table?
3. How many rows and columns are there in Vigenere cipher table?
4. Define Vigenere cipher method.
5. Define interim ciphertext.
(* H.W activity 4.4)
4.3.3 Using Vigenere Cipher Widget
What are the famous quotes of Julius Caesar?
4.3.4 Encrypted with Random Substitution using Frequency Analysis
(* Activity 4.5 explained in practical)
1. What is random substitution cipher?
2. What is cryptanalysis?
3. What is Random substitution tool?
4. What is frequency analysis? Why is it used?
Answer: The process of breaking the encryption methods is known as
crypto analysis. The frequency analysis is used as an aid to breaking
classical ciphers.
4.3.5 Weaknesses and security flaws of Substitution Ciphers
State the weaknesses and security flaws of substitution cipher.
4.4 Encryption with Keys and Passwords
4.4.1 Relationship between cryptographic keys and Passwords
1. What is a password?
Answer: Password is a secret word that may consist of letters, numbers and special
characters.
2. What is the use of passwords?
3. What is the use of cryptographic keys?
4. What is the difference between password and key?
5. What is the relationship between password and cryptographic keys?
6. What is CAPTCHA?
Answer: CAPTCHA is a set of random letters and numbers that appear as a distorted image
and a textbox. The user needs to type the characters in the image into the textbox to gain
access to the system. CAPTCHA text is only readable by humans not the computer.
4.4.2 Characteristics of a Good Password
1. What is the purpose of password?
2. What are the characteristics of a good password?
(*C.W activity 4.6)
4.5 Cybercrime
1. What is cybercrime?
2. List the types of cybercrime.
3. What is identity theft?
4. What is transaction fraud?
5. Write different types of transaction fraud?
Answer: Different types of transaction fraud can be as follows:
• The scammer offers an item for online. Some buys the items makes the payment but the
scammer never delivers the item.
• The criminal may buy something using the stolen credit card.
• The criminal may buy something using personal credit card. He then reports the card as
stolen and claims for the chargeback.
1. What is advance fee fraud?
2. What is the common type of cybercrime?
3. What is meant by spyware?
Answer: Spyware is a type of software that is used in hacking. It connects the
hacker to the computer to access important information without user
knowledge.
4. What is hacking and hacker?
Answer: An act of unauthorized access to the computer or network is called
hacking. The person who gains unauthorized access to the computer system is
called hacker. The hackers are computer experts and use their knowledge to
break into the computer system and network.
5. What is NR3C?
(*H.W Do activity 4.7)
Long Question:
What is Cyber Crime? Explain its types.
Write a note on Cyber Crime types.
4.5 Cybercrime
• Define
• Example
• Identity theft
• Transaction Fraud
▪ Types of transaction Fraud
• Advance Fee Fraud
• Hacking
▪ Spyware
• Piracy
▪ Types of piracy
4.5.1 Characteristics of Phishing Attack
1. Define phishing attack?
2. Write the characteristics of phishing Emails.
3. Write the characteristics of phishing Website.
Long Question:
Explain the Characteristics of a Phishing Attack
4.5.2 DoS (Denial of Service) Attack
1. Define DOS attack.
2. What do you mean by term “Services is denied” explain with example.
3. What is the main purpose of DOS attack?
Exercise:
4.1 Choose the correct option.
2. (ii) Liability
3. (iv) Decryption
4. (iv) Similar domain of actual website
5. (iv) Email account updates
6. (iv) Password is your name only
4.2 Fill in the blanks:
1. Piracy
2. Computation
3. Encryption
4. Interim ciphertext
5. DOS attack
 4.3 Answer the following questions:
2. Why do we need an installation key whereas a solution can be protected with a
password?
Answer:
• Installation keys are used to install legal software,
• To stop software piracy, companies give installation keys to users who buy that software.
4. Give a reason to add captcha on websites.
Answer:
CAPTCHA is used to ensure that the user is a human, not a computer. It is possible to write a
program that can access a website and fill a form or give it a password. CAPTCHA is used to avoid
this situation.

5.1 Introduction
Define the Following basic terms
World Wide Web (WWW):
World Wide Web is a very important service of the internet. It is also called the Web. It is the
collection of webpages on the internet. It is used to view information in the form of text, image,
audio or video. The user can access the information on World Wide Web from anywhere all over
the world.
Webpage:
A Web Page is a document on the World Wide Web. A webpage may contain text, sounds,
graphics, animations and videos.
Website:
A website is a collection of related web pages. A website has its own unique address. Any person
can access a website on the internet using its address.
Example: [Link]
Web Browser:
A web browser is software that is used to access World Wide Web. It can be used to view
information on the web. It can display text as well as graphics. Some popular web browsers are
Mozilla Firefox, Internet Explorer, Opera, Google Chrome and Safari.
Web Server:
Web server is a computer that stores the webpages. The web browser requests the web page
from the web server when the user types any website. The web server sends the requested
webpage to the browser to display it. A web server is very fast and powerful computer. It can
store many websites. The web servers are connected to the internet 24 hours a day.
URL (Uniform Resource Locator):
URL is the address of a webpage on the internet. Every webpage has a unique address. A web
page can only be accessed by using its URL.
Example: [Link]
5.1.1 Definition
1. What is html?
2. Write down two important terms that you need to understand in the name html.
3. Define hypertext.
4. What is hyperlink?
5. What is meant by markup language?
6. Write the paragraph opening tag and closing tag.
7. Why is html not a case sensitive language?
 5.1.2 Creating First Webpage and displaying it
Long: Write the steps to create your first webpage.
5.1.3 Identifying the Tags Used to Markup HTML Elements
1. How many types of tags are there in an html document?
2. Explain paired tag with example.
3. Explain singular tag with example.
4. Define html tag and element
Answer: Html tags are the keywords that denote different elements in html document.
The html tags are surrounded by two angle brackets <>. The text between the start and
end tags is called element.
5.1.4 Attributes in HTML Tags
1. What are the attributes of html tags?
5.1.5 Main Section in a Webpage, HTML, Head and Body
1. What is html?
2. Write the basic structure of an html document.
Answer:
The basic structure of an html document is as follows:
<html>
<head>
.
. Head Section
.
</head>
<body>
.
. Actual content of the webpage(body section)
.
</body>
</html>

3. What is the role of Head section in html document?

4. Write down head section start tag and end tag.
5. Define body section.
6. Write down body section start tag and end tag.
7. How is the title of the html specified? Give an example.
Answer: The title of html page is specified using <title> tag. The title appears on the title
bar of the browser when the webpage is opened.
The syntax of this tag is as follows:
<title> The title text </title>
Example: The following example will specify the webpage title as “Designing Website”.
<html>
<head>
<title> Designing Website </title>
</head>
<html>
5.2 Text Formatting
5.2.1 Content Formatting in html
1. How do we create a paragraph in html? Explain with example.
2. What is the tag of line break in html?
3. How is line break tag inserted in paragraph?
4. How the space is inserted in html?
5. How many tags are used in heading?
Long Question:
Write a note on content formatting in html.
(* Do activity 5.1 and 5.2 in computer lab)
5.2.2 Identify the Text Formatting Tags
1. Describe the basic text formatting tags.
Answer:
Font: The <font> tag is used to specify different type of text formatting. It has different
attributes that can be used to specify different formatting as follows:
1. Font Size: The font size can be specified using size attribute of font tag. The following
line displays the text in font size 15:
< font size=”15”> Pakistan Zindabad </font>
2. Font Color: The font color can be specified using color attribute of font tag. The
following line displays the text in green color:
< font color=”green”> Pakistan Zindabad </font>
3. Font Face: The font size can be specified using face attribute of font tag. The following
line displays the text in Calibri font face::
< font face=” Calibri”> Pakistan Zindabad </font>
2. Why we use “color” instead of “colour” in html?
3. Which tag is used in bold style?
Answer: <b> tag is used to display text in bold face style. It is closed by </b>tag.
The following line will display the text in bold:
<b> Formatting makes things cool </b>
4. Which tag is used in italic style?
Answer: <i> tag is used to display text in italic face style. It is closed by </i>tag.
The following line will display the text in italic:
<i> Formatting makes things cool </i>
5. Which tag is used in underline style?
Answer: <u> tag is used to display text as underline. It is closed by </u>tag. The
following line will display the text in underline:
<u> Formatting makes things cool </u>
5.3 Creating Lists
5.3.1 Types of Lists
1. How many types of lists are there in html?
2. What is an unordered list?
3. What is an ordered list?
4. Differentiate between OL and UL tag.
5. What is a definition list?
6. Define nested lists? Explain with example.
(* Do activity 5.3 in computer lab)
Long Question:
Explain the types of lists with example.
• Creating Lists
• Types of Lists
• Unordered List
▪ Definition
▪ Tags
▪ Code / Input
▪ Output
• Ordered List
▪ Definition
▪ Tags
▪ Code / Input
 ▪ Output
• Definition List
▪ Definition
▪ Tags
▪ Code / Input
▪ Output
• Nested Lists
▪ Definition
▪ Code / Input
▪ Output
5.4 Images and Backgrounds
1. Name the tag to add images in html.
2. Describe the attributes of <img> tag?
3. What is the working of src attribute?
4. How do we apply border to image in html?
5. What is the function of alt attribute?
6. How can you apply background color to a webpage?
7. How can you apply foreground color to a webpage?
8. How can you assign a background image to the webpage?
5.5 Define a Hyperlink
What is a hyperlink?
5.5.1 Create a Hyperlink to a webpage
Define <A> tag and href.
5.5.2 Define an anchor
Define anchor link.
Differentiate between hyperlink and anchor.
5.5.3 Create an anchor to Hyperlink within a webpage
Write the process to add anchor link in the html page to move top of the page.
5.5.4 Create a graphical hyperlink
How do we apply a graphical hyperlink? OR How do we use an image as a hyperlink?
(* Do activity 5.4 and 5.5 in computer lab)
5.6 Creating Tables
1. What is <table> tag?
2. Write some attributes of table tag.
3. Write the basic table elements.
4. What are the uses of <tr>, <td> and <th> tag?
5. Differentiate between <td> and <th> tag.
6. What is the use of Colspan and Rowspan attribute of table?
(* Do activity 5.6 in computer lab)
Long Question:
➢ Write a note on Creating Tables
Exercise
5.4 Write the output of the following html.
Answer:
1. Sports
Cricket
Each team has 11 players
Badminton
Each team has 1 or 2 players
Chess
Each team has exactly 1 player
2. Cities of Pakistan
 Lahore
Capital of Punjab
Karachi
Capital of Sindh
Peshawar
Capital of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
Quetta
Capital of Balochistan
5.5 Write html to get the following output.
<html>
<head><title>Exercise 5.5 </title></head>
<body>
<ul>
<li>
<b> Algorithm </b>
</li>
</ul>
<h3> Plain Interest Calculation </h3>
<p>This algorithm takes number of years, amount and interest rate as input and produces total
plain interest </p>
<ol>
<li> Start </li>
<li> Input numbers years, amount, rate </li>
<li> Set Plain Interest to years *(amount*rate/100) </li>
<li> Print Plain Interest </li>
<li> Stop </li>
</ol>
<h3> Acceleration Calculation </h3>
<p> This algorithm takes mass and force as input and produces acceleration </p>
<ol>
<li>start</li>
<li>Input number mass, force</li>
<li>set Acc to force/mass</li>
<li>print Acc</li>
<li>stop</li>
</ol>
</body>
<html>