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José Rizal, born on June 19, 1861, is recognized as the National Hero of the Philippines for his contributions as a writer, physician, and nationalist. He authored significant works like 'Noli Me Tangere' and 'El Filibusterismo', which exposed colonial abuses and called for reforms, and founded La Liga Filipina to unite Filipinos for education and peaceful reform. Rizal was executed on December 30, 1896, an event that inspired the Filipino struggle for independence, and his legacy is mandated to be studied in schools through the Rizal Law.

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3 views6 pages

Study Notes

José Rizal, born on June 19, 1861, is recognized as the National Hero of the Philippines for his contributions as a writer, physician, and nationalist. He authored significant works like 'Noli Me Tangere' and 'El Filibusterismo', which exposed colonial abuses and called for reforms, and founded La Liga Filipina to unite Filipinos for education and peaceful reform. Rizal was executed on December 30, 1896, an event that inspired the Filipino struggle for independence, and his legacy is mandated to be studied in schools through the Rizal Law.

Uploaded by

Lovelyn Ramirez
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© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Study Notes: Life and Works of José Rizal

1. Who is José Rizal?


 Full name: José Protasio Rizal Mercado y Alonso Realonda
 Born: June 19, 1861, Calamba
 Died: December 30, 1896, Bagumbayan
 Nationality: Filipino
 Known as: The National Hero of the Philippines
 Occupations:
o Writer
o Physician (Ophthalmologist)
o Nationalist
o Reformer
o Scientist

2. Family Background
 Parents:
o Father: Francisco Mercado
o Mother: Teodora Alonso
 Rizal was the 7th of 11 children.
 His mother greatly influenced his love for learning.

3. Education
Early Education

 Learned the alphabet at age 3.


 First teacher: His mother.
 Studied in:
o Biñan, Laguna

Formal Education

 Ateneo Municipal de Manila


o Graduated with highest honors.
 University of Santo Tomas
o Studied Medicine.

Studies Abroad

 Universidad Central de Madrid


 Specialized in Ophthalmology in:
o France
o Germany

4. Travels
Rizal traveled to many countries, including:

 Spain
 France
 Germany
 Belgium
 England
 Japan
 Hong Kong
 United States

Purpose of His Travels

 Continue his studies


 Learn new cultures
 Improve medical skills
 Observe governments
 Promote reforms for the Philippines

5. Major Literary Works


A. Noli Me Tangere (1887)
Meaning: "Touch Me Not"

Main Theme

 Exposed abuses of Spanish friars and colonial government.


Main Character

 Crisóstomo Ibarra

Important Message

 Called for peaceful reforms.

B. El Filibusterismo (1891)
Meaning: "The Reign of Greed"

Main Character

 Simoun

Theme

 Revenge
 Corruption
 Injustice
 Revolution

6. Other Famous Works


Essays

 "The Philippines a Century Hence"


 "On the Indolence of the Filipinos"

Poems

 Mi Último Adiós
 "To the Filipino Youth"

7. The Propaganda Movement


Rizal became one of the leaders of the reform movement.

Goals

 Equal rights for Filipinos


 Representation in the Spanish Cortes
 Freedom of speech
 Better education
 Justice under the law

8. La Liga Filipina
Founded on:

 July 3, 1892

Purpose:

 Unite Filipinos
 Promote education
 Support peaceful reforms
 Encourage economic cooperation

9. Exile in Dapitan
Rizal was exiled to:

 Dapitan

While there, he:

 Practiced medicine
 Built a school
 Conducted scientific research
 Improved the community
 Continued writing
10. Arrest and Execution
Charges

 Sedition
 Rebellion
 Conspiracy

Execution

 Date: December 30, 1896


 Place: Bagumbayan (now Rizal Park)

His death inspired many Filipinos in the struggle for independence.

11. Republic Act No. 1425 (Rizal Law)


 Enacted in 1956
 Requires the study of Rizal's life and works in Philippine schools.
 Emphasizes reading Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo.

12. Rizal's Contributions


 Inspired Filipino nationalism
 Promoted peaceful reform
 Defended human rights
 Advanced education
 Excelled in literature, medicine, science, and languages

13. Quick Timeline


Year Event
1861 Born in Calamba, Laguna
1872 Entered Ateneo Municipal de Manila
1882 Left for Spain
1887 Published Noli Me Tangere
Year Event
1891 Published El Filibusterismo
1892 Founded La Liga Filipina
1892–1896 Exiled in Dapitan
1896 Executed at Bagumbayan

14. Important Terms to Remember


 National Hero – José Rizal
 Noli Me Tangere – Novel exposing colonial abuses
 El Filibusterismo – Sequel emphasizing injustice and the consequences of oppression
 La Liga Filipina – Reform organization
 Propaganda Movement – Campaign for peaceful reforms
 Mi Último Adiós – Rizal's farewell poem
 Dapitan – Place of Rizal's exile
 Rizal Law (RA 1425) – Mandates the study of Rizal's life and works

Quick Review (Exam Tips)


 Birth: June 19, 1861
 Birthplace: Calamba, Laguna
 Parents: Francisco Mercado and Teodora Alonso
 Two famous novels: Noli Me Tangere (1887) and El Filibusterismo (1891)
 Founded: La Liga Filipina (1892)
 Exile: Dapitan
 Execution: December 30, 1896, at Bagumbayan
 Rizal Law: Republic Act No. 1425 (1956)
 Core advocacy: Peaceful reforms, education, equality, and national consciousness.

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