NCTB Class 7 Mathematics | Chapter 2: Proportion, Profit and Loss | Complete Question Bank

NCTB
Class 7 Mathematics
Chapter 2
Proportion, Profit and Loss
Complete Question Bank
Exercises 2.1 · 2.2 · 2.3 + Full Chapter

Part A Part B Part C

Creative Questions (CQs) Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) Exercise Questions (Textbook)

Mark Scheme: (a) 2 Marks · Knowledge / Recall | (b) 4 Marks · Application | (c) 4 Marks · Higher-Order
Thinking

NCTB Class 7 | Ch. 2 Question Bank Complete Question Bank

NCTB Class 7 Mathematics | Chapter 2: Proportion, Profit and Loss | Complete Question Bank

PART A Creative Questions (CQs)

Category 1 — Successive Ratio & Multi-Variable Unification

Type 1.1 — Standard Bridge Alignment (Direct LCM)
Core Operation: Find LCM of bridging term; scale both ratios uniformly.

CQ 1.1-A (Standard)
STEM:
The ratio of income of Solaiman and Salman is 5:7. The ratio of income of Salman and
Yousuf is 4:5. The income of Solaiman is Tk. 120.
(a) Define what a "successive ratio" is, giving one example from daily life. [2 Marks]
(b) Find the unified successive ratio of income of Solaiman : Salman : Yousuf. [4 Marks]
(c) Using the unified ratio, calculate the exact income of Yousuf. [4 Marks]

CQ 1.1-B (Intermediate)
STEM:
The ratio of ages of son and father is 3:7. The ratio of ages of father and grandfather is 7:12.
The son's age is 15 years.
(a) Write down the successive ratio directly from the stem without any calculation. Explain
why it is already in successive form. [2 Marks]
(b) Express the ages of all three as a single unified ratio. [4 Marks]
(c) Calculate the exact age of the grandfather. [4 Marks]

CQ 1.1-C (Advanced)
STEM:
A : B = 4 : 7 and B : C = 10 : 7. The total collective income of A, B, and C is Tk. 1,18,000.
(a) Identify the bridging variable and state the rule to make it equal in both ratios. [2 Marks]
(b) Find the unified successive ratio A : B : C. [4 Marks]
(c) Calculate the exact individual income of each of A, B, and C. [4 Marks]

Type 1.2 — Inverse Bridge Realignment (Non-Sequential Common Term)

Core Operation: Reverse one ratio to expose the bridge term before applying LCM.

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NCTB Class 7 Mathematics | Chapter 2: Proportion, Profit and Loss | Complete Question Bank

CQ 1.2-A
STEM:
The ratio of income of Ponir and Tapan is 4:3. The ratio of income of Robin and Tapan is
5:4. The income of Ponir is Tk. 120.
(a) Rewrite the ratio of Robin and Tapan in the form Tapan : Robin. [2 Marks]
(b) Construct the unified successive ratio of Ponir : Tapan : Robin. [4 Marks]
(c) Calculate the exact income of Robin. [4 Marks]

Type 1.3 — Fractional / Implicit Dependency

Core Operation: Translate sentence-based fractional multipliers into ratio notation.

CQ 1.3-A
STEM:
Sabuj, Dalim, and Linkon are three brothers. Their father divided Tk. 6300 amongst them.
Sabuj gets 3/5 parts of Dalim's share, and Dalim gets double of Linkon's share.
(a) Express Sabuj : Dalim and Dalim : Linkon as two independent ratios. [2 Marks]
(b) Unify these to show the continuous ratio is 6 : 10 : 5. [4 Marks]
(c) Find how much each brother received. [4 Marks]

CQ 1.3-B
STEM:
Tk. 4800 is divided among Aisha, Feroja, and Khadija in the ratio 4 : 3 : 1.
(a) Calculate the sum of the ratio numbers. [2 Marks]
(b) Find how much each person will get. [4 Marks]
(c) If Feroja gives half her share to Khadija, what will be the new ratio of their shares? [4
Marks]

Type 1.4 — Term-Skipping (Direct A : C Extraction)

Core Operation: Multiply two fractions to cancel the middle term.

CQ 1.4-A
STEM:
A : B = 4 : 7 and B : C = 10 : 7. Find A : C directly.
(a) Express A/B and B/C as fractions. [2 Marks]
(b) Multiply the fractions to find A/C, cancelling B. [4 Marks]
(c) If C's income is Tk. 84, find A's income using the ratio A : C. [4 Marks]

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NCTB Class 7 Mathematics | Chapter 2: Proportion, Profit and Loss | Complete Question Bank

Category 2 — Simple Proportion & The Rule of Three

Type 2.1 — Fourth Proportional (Rule of Three)
Core Operation: 1st × 4th = 2nd × 3rd

CQ 2.1-A (Standard)
STEM:
The price of 5 notebooks is Tk. 200.
(a) State the Rule of Three in your own words. [2 Marks]
(b) What is the price of 7 notebooks? [4 Marks]
(c) If a student's budget is Tk. 560, how many notebooks can he buy? [4 Marks]

CQ 2.1-B (Standard)
STEM:
Two sets: (a) 3 kg, Tk. 5, 6 kg, Tk. 10 and (b) 9 years, 10 days, 18 years, 20 days.
(a) For set (a), write down the proportion in the form a : b :: c : d. [2 Marks]
(b) Verify whether the set (a) quantities form a valid proportion. [4 Marks]
(c) Find the missing value if the proportion is: 9 years : 10 days :: 18 years : □ days. [4
Marks]

CQ 2.1-C (Intermediate)
STEM:
550 shirts are made daily in a garments factory.
(a) State what type of variation exists between days and shirts produced. [2 Marks]
(b) How many shirts are made at the same rate in one week? [4 Marks]
(c) How many days will it take to produce 5500 shirts? [4 Marks]

Type 2.2 — Unit Congruency & Structural Validity

Core Operation: Check that terms 1 & 2 share a unit, and terms 3 & 4 share a unit.

CQ 2.2-A
STEM:
An examiner provides four quantities: 7 cm, 15 seconds, 28 cm, and 1 minute.
(a) State the unit requirement rule for the first and second quantities of a proportion. [2
Marks]

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NCTB Class 7 Mathematics | Chapter 2: Proportion, Profit and Loss | Complete Question Bank

(b) Normalize 1 minute to seconds and verify whether these four quantities form a valid
proportion. [4 Marks]
(c) Find the value x must hold in: 7 cm : 28 cm :: 15 seconds : x seconds. [4 Marks]

Type 2.3 — Fractional Proportional Terms

Core Operation: Apply 1st × 4th = 2nd × 3rd to fractional inputs.

CQ 2.3-A
STEM:
Fill in the gaps: (a) 11 : 25 :: □ : 50 and (b) 1/3 : 1/5 :: □ : 7/10.
(a) State the cross-product law for proportional quantities. [2 Marks]
(b) Find the missing value in 11 : 25 :: □ : 50. [4 Marks]
(c) Find the missing value in 1/3 : 1/5 :: □ : 7/10. [4 Marks]

Category 3 — Continued Proportion & Geometric Means

Type 3.1 — Mid-Proportional Extraction
Core Operation: b² = ac → b = √(ac)

CQ 3.1-A (Standard)
STEM:
The two marginal quantities of a continued proportion are 4 and 16.
(a) Define a continued proportion and write its standard notation. [2 Marks]
(b) Find the mid-proportional value and write the full continued proportion. [4 Marks]
(c) If a new continued proportion has a mid-proportional of 8 and a first quantity of 4, find the
third quantity. [4 Marks]

CQ 3.1-B (Intermediate)
STEM:
Two marginal quantities of continued proportions: (a) 6, 24 and (b) 25, 81.
(a) State the relationship between the product of marginal quantities and the square of the
mid-quantity. [2 Marks]
(b) Find the continued proportion for marginals 6 and 24. [4 Marks]
(c) Find the continued proportion for marginals 25 and 81. [4 Marks]

CQ 3.1-C (Advanced)

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NCTB Class 7 Mathematics | Chapter 2: Proportion, Profit and Loss | Complete Question Bank

STEM:
The marginal quantities are 5/7 and 1 2/5. Another continued proportion has a mid-
proportional of 6 and a third quantity of 9.
(a) Convert 1 2/5 to an improper fraction. [2 Marks]
(b) Find the mid-proportional between 5/7 and 1 2/5. [4 Marks]
(c) Using b² = ac where b = 6 and c = 9, find the first quantity a. [4 Marks]

Category 4 — Proportional Division

Type 4.1 — Direct Multi-Part Distribution
Core Operation: Share = Total × (part ÷ sum of parts)

CQ 4.1-A (Standard)
STEM:
20 metres of cloth is divided in the ratio 5 : 3 : 2 among Amit, Sumit, and Chaitee.
(a) Calculate the sum of the ratio numbers. [2 Marks]
(b) Find the exact length of cloth each person receives. [4 Marks]
(c) If Amit gives 1 metre of his share to Chaitee, what is the new ratio of their shares? [4
Marks]

CQ 4.1-B (Standard)
STEM:
Tk. 2160 is divided among Rumi, Jesmin, and Kakali in the ratio 1 : 2 : 3.
(a) What fraction of the total amount does Kakali receive? [2 Marks]
(b) Find how much each person gets. [4 Marks]
(c) If the total was Tk. 3240 instead, how much would Rumi receive? [4 Marks]

CQ 4.1-C (Intermediate)
STEM:
Some amount of money is divided among Labib, Sami, and Siam in the ratio 5 : 4 : 2. Siam
gets Tk. 180.
(a) Express Labib's share as a fraction of the total. [2 Marks]
(b) Using Siam's share, determine the total amount and the individual share of each person.
[4 Marks]

(c) How much more does Labib receive than Siam? [4 Marks]

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NCTB Class 7 Mathematics | Chapter 2: Proportion, Profit and Loss | Complete Question Bank

Type 4.2 — Attribute-Based Distribution (Ages / Class Numbers)

Core Operation: Construct ratio from real-world attributes first, then divide.

CQ 4.2-A (Standard)
STEM:
Tk. 4200 is to be divided among three students in the ratio of their classes. They study in
Class VI, Class VII, and Class VIII respectively.
(a) Write the ratio of their classes in simplest form. [2 Marks]
(b) Find how much each student receives. [4 Marks]
(c) How much more does the Class VIII student receive than the Class VI student? [4 Marks]

CQ 4.2-B (Standard)
STEM:
Ages of three sons of Mr. Kabir are 5, 7, and 9 years. He gave Tk. 4200 in the ratio of their
ages.
(a) Write the ratio of their ages. [2 Marks]
(b) Find how much each son gets. [4 Marks]
(c) If the youngest son saves his entire share and the others spend theirs, how much is
saved? [4 Marks]

Type 4.3 — Reverse Reconstruction from One Known Share

Core Operation: Use known share to find multiplier k, then find total = k × (sum of ratio).

CQ 4.3-A (Intermediate)
STEM:
Tk. 9600 is divided among Sara, Mimuna, and Raisa in the ratio 4 : 3 : 1.
(a) Express the smallest share as a fraction of the total. [2 Marks]
(b) Find how much each person receives. [4 Marks]
(c) If Sara receives Tk. 400 more than her current share, how much extra does the total
need to be? [4 Marks]

CQ 4.3-B (Intermediate)
STEM:
An amount of money is divided among three people in the ratio 5 : 3 : 2. The person with the
smallest share receives Tk. 180.
(a) Find the value of the common multiplier k. [2 Marks]
(b) Find the total amount distributed. [4 Marks]

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NCTB Class 7 Mathematics | Chapter 2: Proportion, Profit and Loss | Complete Question Bank

(c) Find how much the person with the largest share receives. [4 Marks]

Type 4.4 — Composite Mixture Blending

Core Operation: Convert each container's ratio to fractions, add like fractions, form new ratio.

CQ 4.4-A (Advanced)
STEM:
Two equal-size glasses are filled with sweet drink. The ratio of water to syrup in the first
glass is 3 : 2 and in the second glass is 5 : 4. Both glasses are mixed together.
(a) For each glass separately, express the fractional part of water relative to the whole
glass. [2 Marks]
(b) Find the total combined amount of water and syrup in fractional form. [4 Marks]
(c) Find the final simplified integer ratio of water to syrup in the mixture. [4 Marks]

CQ 4.4-B (Advanced)
STEM:
A piece of ornament weighing 19 grams is made of bronze, zinc, and silver. The ratio of
bronze to zinc is 1 : 2 and the ratio of zinc to silver is 3 : 5.
(a) State the mathematical requirement for converting two independent ratios into one
successive ratio. [2 Marks]
(b) Find the unified successive ratio of bronze : zinc : silver. [4 Marks]
(c) Find the weight of silver in the ornament. [4 Marks]

Category 5 — Inverse Proportion: Time, Work & Labour

Type 5.1 — Basic Workforce Adjustment
Core Operation: Workers × Days = Constant. More workers → fewer days.

CQ 5.1-A (Standard)
STEM:
12 persons can do a work in 9 days.
(a) Explain the type of variation between number of persons and number of days. [2 Marks]
(b) At the same rate of working, how many days would 18 persons take to complete the
same work? [4 Marks]
(c) If the work must be completed in exactly 4 days, how many workers are needed? [4
Marks]

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NCTB Class 7 Mathematics | Chapter 2: Proportion, Profit and Loss | Complete Question Bank

CQ 5.1-B (Standard)
STEM:
5 workers can reap crops from 8 bigha of land in 6 days.
(a) Calculate how many bigha of land 1 worker can reap in 1 day. [2 Marks]
(b) How many days will 25 workers need to reap 20 bigha? [4 Marks]
(c) How many workers are needed to reap 20 bigha in 3 days? [4 Marks]

CQ 5.1-C (Intermediate)
STEM:
A farmer can cultivate 40 hectares of land in 8 days with 5 pairs of cows.
(a) Find the cultivating capacity of 1 pair of cows in 1 day. [2 Marks]
(b) With 7 pairs of cows, how many hectares can be cultivated in 12 days? [4 Marks]
(c) With 7 pairs of cows, how many days would it take to cultivate 40 hectares? [4 Marks]

Type 5.2 — Combined Work Rate (Two Workers Together)

Core Operation: Combined rate = sum of individual rates. Total time = 1 ÷ combined rate.

CQ 5.2-A (Intermediate)
STEM:
Swapon can do a work in 24 days. Ratan can do the same work in 16 days.
(a) What fraction of the total work can Swapon complete in one day? [2 Marks]
(b) What fraction can both Swapon and Ratan together complete in one day? [4 Marks]
(c) How many days will they take to finish the work together? [4 Marks]

CQ 5.2-B (Intermediate)
STEM:
Lily can do a work in 10 hours alone. Mily can do the same work in 8 hours.
(a) Find the fractional part of work done by Lily in 1 hour. [2 Marks]
(b) Find the combined fractional work done per hour if both work together. [4 Marks]
(c) In how many hours can Lily and Mily finish the work together? [4 Marks]

CQ 5.2-C (Advanced)
STEM:
Habiba and Halima can together do a work in 20 days. They worked together for 8 days,
then Habiba went away. Halima finished the rest in 21 days.

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NCTB Class 7 Mathematics | Chapter 2: Proportion, Profit and Loss | Complete Question Bank

(a) How much of the work did both complete together in 8 days? [2 Marks]
(b) How much remained, and how many days does Halima need to finish the whole work
alone? [4 Marks]
(c) Verify: how many days would Habiba need to complete the whole work alone? [4 Marks]

CQ 5.2-D (Advanced)
STEM:
A and B together can do a work in 16 days. B and C together in 12 days. A and C together in
20 days.
(a) Write the fractional work done per day by each pair. [2 Marks]
(b) Find the combined work rate of A, B, and C together per day. [4 Marks]
(c) In how many days can A, B, and C together complete the work? [4 Marks]

Type 5.3 — Cistern / Pipe Problems

Core Operation: Filling pipes add rates; emptying pipes subtract rates.

CQ 5.3-A (Standard)
STEM:
A cistern has two pipes. The first pipe fills the empty cistern in 12 hours and the second pipe
fills it in 18 hours. Both pipes are opened together.
(a) What fractional part of the cistern does the first pipe fill in 1 hour? [2 Marks]
(b) What fraction do both pipes fill together per hour? [4 Marks]
(c) How long will it take to fill the cistern completely? [4 Marks]

CQ 5.3-B (Intermediate)
STEM:
Three pipes are connected to a cistern. Pipe 1 fills it in 30 minutes, Pipe 2 in 20 minutes, and
Pipe 3 (drain) empties it in 60 minutes.
(a) What fractional part can the third pipe vacate in 1 minute? [2 Marks]
(b) If all three pipes are opened, in how many minutes will the cistern be filled? [4 Marks]
(c) Pipe 2 runs alone for 18 minutes, then both Pipe 2 and Pipe 1 are opened. When should
Pipe 1 be closed so the cistern is filled exactly at 18 minutes? [4 Marks]

CQ 5.3-C (Intermediate)
STEM:
Two pipes separately can fill a cistern in 20 minutes and 30 minutes. Both are opened
together. When should the first pipe be closed so the cistern is filled in exactly 18 minutes?

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NCTB Class 7 Mathematics | Chapter 2: Proportion, Profit and Loss | Complete Question Bank

(a) How much does the second pipe fill in 18 minutes? [2 Marks]
(b) Find the remaining fraction after the second pipe works for 18 minutes. [4 Marks]
(c) Find how many minutes the first pipe must run to fill the remaining fraction. [4 Marks]

Category 6 — Speed, Distance & Time (Boat & Train)

Type 6.1 — Effective Speed Calculation
Core Operation: Downstream = boat speed + stream speed; Upstream = boat speed − stream speed.

CQ 6.1-A (Standard)
STEM:
A boat can travel 6 km per hour in still water. Against the current, the boat needs 3 times the
time to travel the same distance.
(a) Define the effective speed of a boat downstream and upstream. [2 Marks]
(b) Calculate the speed of the stream. [4 Marks]
(c) How long does the boat take to travel 50 km along with the current? [4 Marks]

CQ 6.1-B (Standard)
STEM:
A boat can cross 36 km in 4 hours along with the current. The speed of the current is 3
km/hour.
(a) Find the effective downstream speed of the boat. [2 Marks]
(b) Calculate the actual speed of the boat in still water. [4 Marks]
(c) How long would the same boat take to travel 36 km against the current? [4 Marks]

CQ 6.1-C (Intermediate)
STEM:
A ship can travel 77 km in 11 hours against the current. The speed of the ship in still water is
9 km/hour.
(a) Calculate the upstream speed of the ship. [2 Marks]
(b) Find the speed of the current. [4 Marks]
(c) How long would the ship take to travel 77 km downstream? [4 Marks]

CQ 6.1-D (Advanced)
STEM:

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NCTB Class 7 Mathematics | Chapter 2: Proportion, Profit and Loss | Complete Question Bank

A boat can travel 3 km in 15 minutes with the current and 1 km in 15 minutes against the
current.
(a) Find the downstream and upstream speeds in km per hour. [2 Marks]
(b) Calculate the speed of the boat in still water and the speed of the current. [4 Marks]
(c) How long will the boat take to travel 30 km downstream and return? [4 Marks]

Type 6.2 — Train Crossing Problems

Core Operation: Distance to cross = length of train (+ bridge if applicable). Time = Distance ÷ Speed.

CQ 6.2-A (Standard)
STEM:
The speed of a 60 metre long train is 48 km per hour.
(a) Convert 48 km/hour into metres per second. [2 Marks]
(b) How long will the train take to cross a nearby pillar of the rail line? [4 Marks]
(c) How long will it take to cross a 240 metre long bridge? [4 Marks]

CQ 6.2-B (Intermediate)
STEM:
A 120 metre long train will cross a 330 metre long bridge. The speed of the train is 30 km per
hour.
(a) Find the total distance the train must travel to completely cross the bridge. [2 Marks]
(b) Convert the speed to metres per second. [4 Marks]
(c) How much time does the train need to cross the bridge? [4 Marks]

CQ 6.2-C (Advanced)
STEM:
A 100 metre long train travelling at 48 km/hour crosses a bridge in 30 seconds.
(a) Convert the train's speed to metres per second. [2 Marks]
(b) Find the total distance covered in 30 seconds. [4 Marks]
(c) Calculate the length of the bridge. [4 Marks]

Category 7 — Profit & Loss: Basic to Advanced

Type 7.1 — Direct CP/SP Percentage
Core Operation: Profit% = (Profit ÷ CP) × 100; Loss% = (Loss ÷ CP) × 100.

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NCTB Class 7 Mathematics | Chapter 2: Proportion, Profit and Loss | Complete Question Bank

CQ 7.1-A (Standard)
STEM:
A shopkeeper bought 5 metres of cloth at Tk. 200 per metre and sold it at Tk. 225 per metre.
(a) Define cost price and selling price. [2 Marks]
(b) Find the total profit earned. [4 Marks]
(c) Calculate the percentage of profit. [4 Marks]

CQ 7.1-B (Standard)
STEM:
15 ball pens are bought at Tk. 75 and sold at Tk. 90.
(a) State whether this transaction is a profit or a loss, with reason. [2 Marks]
(b) Find the absolute profit from the transaction. [4 Marks]
(c) Calculate the percentage of profit. [4 Marks]

CQ 7.1-C (Standard)
STEM:
An orange seller bought 5 dozen oranges at Tk. 60 per four and sold them at Tk. 50 per four.
(a) Find the cost price per orange and selling price per orange. [2 Marks]
(b) Find the total loss suffered. [4 Marks]
(c) Calculate the percentage of loss. [4 Marks]

CQ 7.1-D (Intermediate)
STEM:
An item is bought at Tk. 190 and sold at Tk. 175.
(a) State the condition under which a loss occurs. [2 Marks]
(b) Calculate the percentage of loss. [4 Marks]
(c) At what price must the item be sold to make a 10% profit? [4 Marks]

Type 7.2 — Equivalent Volume Threshold

Core Operation: CP of X items = SP of Y items → profit comes from (X−Y) items.

CQ 7.2-A (Intermediate)
STEM:
The cost price of 25 metres of cloth is equal to the selling price of 20 metres of cloth.

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NCTB Class 7 Mathematics | Chapter 2: Proportion, Profit and Loss | Complete Question Bank

(a) Let the selling price of each metre be Tk. x. Write an expression for the cost price of 1
metre. [2 Marks]
(b) Calculate the percentage of profit. [4 Marks]
(c) At what price per metre should 25 metres be sold to make a 25% profit if the cost price
of 1 metre is Tk. 40? [4 Marks]

CQ 7.2-B (Intermediate)
STEM:
The buying price of 8 amloki is Tk. 5. If 6 amloki are sold for Tk. 5, what is the percentage of
profit or loss?
(a) Find the cost price and selling price of 1 amloki. [2 Marks]
(b) Determine whether it is a profit or a loss. [4 Marks]
(c) Calculate the exact percentage of profit or loss. [4 Marks]

Type 7.3 — Average Cost Price (Mixed Bulk Purchases)

Core Operation: Total CP = Sum of all purchases. Average CP per unit = Total CP ÷ Total units.

CQ 7.3-A (Intermediate)
STEM:
An egg seller buys 5 dozen eggs at Tk. 101 per dozen and 6 dozen at Tk. 90 per dozen. He
wants to profit Tk. 3 per dozen.
(a) Calculate the total expenditure for all 11 dozen eggs. [2 Marks]
(b) Find the average cost price of 1 dozen. [4 Marks]
(c) Find the required selling price per dozen and the overall percentage of profit. [4 Marks]

CQ 7.3-B (Intermediate)
STEM:
Rabi bought 50 kg of rice at Tk. 40 per kg and sold it at Tk. 44 per kg.
(a) Find the total cost price and total selling price. [2 Marks]
(b) Find the absolute profit or loss. [4 Marks]
(c) Calculate the percentage of profit or loss. [4 Marks]

Type 7.4 — Reverse CP Engineering (Loss to Profit Shift)

Core Operation: Set CP = 100. Calculate difference in SPs. Use Rule of Three on actual SP difference.

CQ 7.4-A (Intermediate)

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NCTB Class 7 Mathematics | Chapter 2: Proportion, Profit and Loss | Complete Question Bank

STEM:
A goat is sold at a loss of 10%. If the selling price was Tk. 450 more, there would be a 5%
profit.
(a) Assuming CP = Tk. 100, find the SP at 10% loss and at 5% profit. [2 Marks]
(b) Use the Tk. 450 difference to find the actual cost price of the goat. [4 Marks]
(c) At what price must the goat be sold to make a 15% profit? [4 Marks]

CQ 7.4-B (Intermediate)
STEM:
A watch is sold at Tk. 625 at a loss of 10%.
(a) Express the relationship: SP = CP × (1 − loss%). [2 Marks]
(b) Find the original cost price of the watch. [4 Marks]
(c) What should the selling price be to make a 10% profit? [4 Marks]

CQ 7.4-C (Advanced)
STEM:
An object sold at Tk. 400 incurs a loss. If it is sold at Tk. 480, the profit is three times the
loss.
(a) Let the cost price be Tk. x and the loss at Tk. 400 be Tk. L. Write L in terms of x. [2
Marks]

(b) Set up the equation from the condition "profit = 3 × loss" and solve for x (the cost price).
[4 Marks]

(c) What is the loss percentage when the object is sold at Tk. 400? [4 Marks]

CQ 7.4-D (Advanced)
STEM:
Selling price of a car is 4/5 of its cost price.
(a) Express the loss in terms of the cost price using the fraction given. [2 Marks]
(b) Calculate the percentage of loss. [4 Marks]
(c) At what fraction of the original cost price must the car be sold to make a 20% profit? [4
Marks]

Category 8 — VAT, Income Tax & Currency Exchange

Type 8.1 — VAT (Value Added Tax)
Core Operation: VAT = Purchase amount × VAT rate. Total paid = Purchase + VAT.

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CQ 8.1-A (Standard)
STEM:
Maisha bought 15 metres of red ribbon at Tk. 20 per metre. The rate of VAT is 4%. She gave
Tk. 500 to the shopkeeper.
(a) Define VAT (Value Added Tax) as stated in the textbook. [2 Marks]
(b) Calculate the total amount Maisha must pay including VAT. [4 Marks]
(c) How much taka will the shopkeeper return to her? [4 Marks]

CQ 8.1-B (Standard)
STEM:
Nabil bought 2 kg of Sandesh at Tk. 250 per kg. The rate of VAT is Tk. 4 per Tk. 100.
(a) Calculate the total price of the Sandesh before VAT. [2 Marks]
(b) Calculate the VAT amount. [4 Marks]
(c) Find the total amount Nabil paid to the shopkeeper. [4 Marks]

CQ 8.1-C (Intermediate)
STEM:
Kona bought a silk saree at Tk. 1200 and a three-piece at Tk. 1800. The rate of VAT is 4%.
(a) Find the total purchase price before VAT. [2 Marks]
(b) Calculate the total VAT. [4 Marks]
(c) Find the total amount paid. [4 Marks]

Type 8.2 — Income Tax Slab Calculation

Core Operation: Tax-free slab exempted. Tax = (Annual Income − Exemption) × Tax rate.

CQ 8.2-A (Standard)
STEM:
Mr. Nasir's monthly basic pay is Tk. 27,650. The tax for the first Tk. 2,50,000 of annual
income is Tk. 0. The tax rate for the remaining income is Tk. 10 per Tk. 100.
(a) Calculate Mr. Nasir's annual income. [2 Marks]
(b) Find his taxable income after the exemption. [4 Marks]
(c) Calculate the income tax he must pay. [4 Marks]

CQ 8.2-B (Standard)
STEM:

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NCTB Class 7 Mathematics | Chapter 2: Proportion, Profit and Loss | Complete Question Bank

Nilim is a service holder with a monthly basic pay of Tk. 22,250. The first slab of Tk. 2,50,000
annual income is tax-free. The rate of income tax for the next slab is Tk. 10 per Tk. 100.
(a) Calculate Nilim's total annual income. [2 Marks]
(b) Determine his taxable income. [4 Marks]
(c) Calculate the total income tax he must pay. [4 Marks]

CQ 8.2-C (Intermediate)
STEM:
A service holder has a monthly basic pay of Tk. 22,250. The first Tk. 2,50,000 annual income
is tax-free. The remaining income is taxed at 10%. He also buys a saree for Tk. 1200 with
VAT of 4%.
(a) Calculate the VAT on the saree. [2 Marks]
(b) Find his annual taxable income. [4 Marks]
(c) Calculate the total income tax he must pay for the year. [4 Marks]

Type 8.3 — Currency Exchange

Core Operation: BDT = Foreign Currency × Exchange Rate (or ÷ for reverse).

CQ 8.3-A (Standard)
STEM:
If 1 US Dollar = Tk. 81.50, how much Bangladeshi currency is needed for 7000 US Dollars?
(a) Write the proportion: 1 USD : Tk. 81.50 :: 7000 USD : □. [2 Marks]
(b) Calculate the required amount of Bangladeshi currency. [4 Marks]
(c) If a tourist has Tk. 4,07,500, how many US Dollars can he get? [4 Marks]

CQ 8.3-B (Standard)
STEM:
If Bangladeshi Tk. 1 is equal to Indian 0.85 Rupee, how much Bangladeshi taka would be
needed for Indian 42,500 Rupees?
(a) Express the exchange rate as a proportion. [2 Marks]
(b) Calculate the required Bangladeshi taka. [4 Marks]
(c) If a traveller has Tk. 60,000, how many Indian Rupees can he get? [4 Marks]

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PART B Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)

Section I — General Textbook-Based MCQs

These test direct recall of definitions, properties, and single-step calculations.

Category A — Theoretical Definitions & Properties

The ratio of three or more quantities of the same kind expressed together is called:
Q1 (a) Simple ratio (b) Inverse ratio (c) Ratio of multiple expressions (d) Continued ratio
(c)

In a proportion a : b :: c : d, which quantities are called marginal quantities?

Q2
(a) a and b (b) b and c (c) a and d (d) b and d (c)

In a proportion, which quantities are called mid-quantities?

Q3
(a) First and fourth (b) First and second (c) Second and third (d) Third and fourth (c)

The method of finding the fourth proportional when three quantities are known is
called:
Q4
(a) Rule of Two (b) Rule of Three (c) Proportional Division (d) Successive Alignment
(b)

In a continued proportion a : b :: b : c, which of the following is always true?

Q5
(a) a × b = c² (b) b² = a × c (c) a² = b × c (d) a + c = 2b (b)

The second quantity in a continued proportion is called:

Q6
(a) Marginal quantity (b) Mid-proportional (c) Fourth proportional (d) Antecedent (b)

In a proportional division, the formula for the share of one part is:
Q7
(a) Total × (sum/part) (b) Total × (part/sum) (c) Total ÷ part (d) Total × sum (b)

The purchasing price of any item is called:

Q8
(a) Selling price (b) Market price (c) Cost price (d) Listed price (c)

Profit is calculated on which baseline?

Q9
(a) Selling price (b) Market price (c) Cost price (d) Tax-inclusive price (c)

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NCTB Class 7 Mathematics | Chapter 2: Proportion, Profit and Loss | Complete Question Bank

Tax given at a fixed rate along with the cost price of a consumer good is called:
Q10
(a) Income Tax (b) Import Duty (c) Commission (d) VAT (d)

The effective speed of a boat going downstream is:

Q11
(a) Actual − stream (b) Actual + stream (c) Actual × stream (d) Actual ÷ stream (b)

The effective speed of a boat going upstream is:

Q12
(a) Actual + stream (b) Actual × stream (c) Actual − stream (d) Stream − actual (c)

Category B — Direct Calculation Questions

What is the fourth proportional of 3, 6, 7?

Q13
(a) 12 (b) 14 (c) 18 (d) 21 (b) 14

What is the mid-proportional between 4 and 16?

Q14
(a) 10 (b) 8 (c) 6 (d) 12 (b) 8

What is the mid-proportional between 9 and 25?

Q15
(a) 17 (b) 15 (c) 12 (d) 20 (b) 15

What is the fourth proportional of 5, 7, 10?

Q16
(a) 12 (b) 14 (c) 10 (d) 16 (b) 14

If a : b = 4 : 5 and b : c = 7 : 9, what is the successive ratio a : b : c?

Q17
(a) 4:5:9 (b) 28:35:36 (c) 28:35:45 (d) 7:35:45 (c) 28:35:45

If A : B = 4 : 7 and B : C = 10 : 7, what is A : B : C?
Q18
(a) 40:70:49 (b) 4:7:10 (c) 40:49:70 (d) 28:49:35 (a) 40:70:49

Tk. 500 is divided in the ratio 3 : 2. What is the larger share?

Q19
(a) Tk. 200 (b) Tk. 300 (c) Tk. 250 (d) Tk. 350 (b) Tk. 300

A shopkeeper bought a matchbox at Tk. 1.50 and sold at Tk. 2.00. What is the
Q20 percentage of profit?
(a) 20% (b) 25% (c) 33⅓% (d) 50% (c) 33⅓%

Q21 An item bought at Tk. 200 is sold for Tk. 180. What is the percentage of loss?

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NCTB Class 7 Mathematics | Chapter 2: Proportion, Profit and Loss | Complete Question Bank

(a) 10% (b) 20% (c) 8% (d) 12% (a) 10%

4 hilsha fishes are bought at Tk. 1600 and each sold at Tk. 350. What is the
Q22 percentage of loss?
(a) 10% (b) 12.5% (c) 15% (d) 20% (b) 12.5%

If 1 US Dollar = Tk. 81.50, how much BDT equals 7000 USD?

Q23
(a) Tk. 5,60,000 (b) Tk. 5,70,500 (c) Tk. 5,81,500 (d) Tk. 5,75,000 (b) Tk. 5,70,500

The selling price is 4/5 of the cost price. What is the percentage of loss?
Q24
(a) 20% (b) 25% (c) 15% (d) 10% (a) 20%

The cost price of 25 metres of cloth equals the selling price of 20 metres. What is the
Q25 profit percentage?
(a) 20% (b) 25% (c) 30% (d) 10% (b) 25%

12 persons can do a work in 9 days. How many days will 18 persons take?
Q26
(a) 4 days (b) 5 days (c) 6 days (d) 8 days (c) 6 days

A pipe fills a cistern in 4 hours. What fraction fills in 1 hour?

Q27
(a) 4 (b) 1/4 (c) 3/4 (d) 1/2 (b) 1/4

A boat's speed in still water is 12 km/hr and stream speed is 3 km/hr. What is the
Q28 downstream speed?
(a) 9 km/hr (b) 15 km/hr (c) 4 km/hr (d) 36 km/hr (b) 15 km/hr

Section II — Multiple Completion Questions (Roman Numeral Format)

Each question has a stem followed by three statements (i, ii, iii). Select the correct combination.

Q29. Regarding the properties of proportion:

i. The first and second quantities of a proportion must be of the same kind.
ii. All four quantities of a proportion must be of the same kind.
iii. First quantity × fourth quantity = second quantity × third quantity.
(a) i and ii (b) i and iii (c) ii and iii (d) i, ii, and iii Answer: (b) i and iii

Q30. For a continued proportion a : b :: b : c:

i. The three quantities must be of the same kind.

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ii. b is called the mid-proportional of a and c.

iii. b² = a × c.
(a) i and ii (b) ii and iii (c) i and iii (d) i, ii, and iii Answer: (d) i, ii, and iii

Q31. Stem: An ornament weighs 19 grams. Bronze : Zinc : Silver = 3 : 6 : 10.

i. The sum of ratio numbers is 19.
ii. The weight of zinc is 6 grams.
iii. Silver makes up exactly 50% of the ornament.
(a) i and ii (b) i and iii (c) ii and iii (d) i, ii, and iii Answer: (a) i and ii [Note: Silver ≈
52.6%, so iii is false]

Q32. Stem: A goat is sold at a loss of 10%. If the SP was Tk. 450 more, there would be 5%
profit.
i. The percentage difference between the two scenarios is 15%.
ii. 15% of the cost price equals Tk. 450.
iii. The cost price of the goat is Tk. 4500.
(a) i and ii (b) i and iii (c) ii and iii (d) i, ii, and iii Answer: (a) i and ii [Note: CP = Tk.
3000, not 4500]

Q33. Stem: 12 workers can complete a shipment in 9 days.

i. If more workers are added, the time required increases.
ii. The relationship between workers and days is inverse.
iii. 18 workers will take exactly 6 days.
(a) i and ii (b) ii and iii (c) i and iii (d) i, ii, and iii Answer: (b) ii and iii

Q34. Stem: Scouts can be arranged in rows of 9, 10, and 12.

i. The minimum number of scouts for the row arrangement is 180.
ii. 180 is a perfect square.
iii. To also form a perfect square, multiply 180 by 5 to get 900.
(a) i and ii (b) i and iii (c) ii and iii (d) i, ii, and iii Answer: (b) i and iii [Note: 180 is not
a perfect square]

Q35. Stem: Two equal glasses: Glass 1 has water : syrup = 3 : 2; Glass 2 has water : syrup
= 5 : 4.
i. Water in Glass 1 is 3/5 of the glass.
ii. Water in Glass 2 is 5/4 of the glass.
iii. After mixing, the water : syrup ratio is 43 : 32.

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NCTB Class 7 Mathematics | Chapter 2: Proportion, Profit and Loss | Complete Question Bank

(a) i only (b) i and iii (c) ii and iii (d) i, ii, and iii Answer: (b) i and iii [Note: Water in
Glass 2 = 5/9, not 5/4]

Q36. Regarding Profit and Loss rules:

i. Profit = Selling Price − Cost Price.
ii. Loss percentage is always calculated on the selling price.
iii. If SP > CP, the transaction is profitable.
(a) i and ii (b) i and iii (c) ii and iii (d) i, ii, and iii Answer: (b) i and iii [Note: Loss% is
on CP, not SP]

Q37. Stem: A boat travels 3 km with current in 15 min and 1 km against current in 15 min.
i. Downstream speed is 12 km/hr.
ii. Upstream speed is 4 km/hr.
iii. The speed of the current is 8 km/hr.
(a) i and ii (b) i and iii (c) ii and iii (d) i, ii, and iii Answer: (a) i and ii [Note: Stream
speed = 4 km/hr, not 8]

Section III — Stem-Based MCQs (Scenario / Passage Style)

Read the scenario, then answer the linked questions.

Scenario A — Proportional Division

30 metres of cloth are distributed among Maisa, Maria, and Tania in the ratio 5 : 3 : 2.
Q38. How many metres of cloth does Maisa get?
(a) 15 (b) 9 (c) 6 (d) 5 (a) 15

Q39. How many metres more does Maria get than Tania?
(a) 3 (b) 5 (c) 6 (d) 9 (a) 3

Q40. What fraction of the total cloth does Tania receive?

(a) 1/5 (b) 3/10 (c) 1/2 (d) 2/3 (a) 1/5

Scenario B — Successive Ratio

A : B = 4 : 7 and B : C = 10 : 7.
Q41. What is the unified ratio A : B : C?
(a) 40:70:49 (b) 4:7:10 (c) 28:49:35 (d) 40:49:70 (a) 40:70:49

Q42. What is the ratio C : B : A?

(a) 49:70:40 (b) 40:70:49 (c) 70:49:40 (d) 49:40:70 (a) 49:70:40

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Scenario C — Profit and Loss

A banana seller bought bananas at Tk. 25 per four bananas and sold at Tk. 27 per four. He
gained Tk. 50 as profit.
Q43. How many bunches of four bananas did he buy?
(a) 20 (b) 25 (c) 50 (d) 27 (b) 25 [Profit/bunch = Tk.2; bunches = 50÷2 = 25]

Q44. What is the percentage of profit?

(a) 4% (b) 8% (c) 10% (d) 12% (b) 8%

Scenario D — Watch Sold at Loss

Rasel sold a watch at Tk. 625 at a loss of 10%.
Q45. What was the cost price of the watch?
(a) Tk. 562.50 (b) Tk. 687.50 (c) Tk. 694.44 (d) Tk. 700 (c) Tk. 694.44 [CP = 625 ÷ 0.90]

Q46. If the watch is to be sold at a 10% profit, what should the selling price be?
(a) Tk. 750 (b) Tk. 763.89 (c) Tk. 780 (d) Tk. 800 (b) Tk. 763.89 [SP = 694.44 × 1.10]

Scenario E — Boat and Current

A boat can travel 6 km per hour in still water. Against the current, the boat needs 3 times the
time to travel 6 km.
Q47. What is the upstream speed of the boat?
(a) 6 km/hr (b) 3 km/hr (c) 2 km/hr (d) 4 km/hr (c) 2 km/hr

Q48. What is the speed of the current?

(a) 2 km/hr (b) 3 km/hr (c) 4 km/hr (d) 6 km/hr (c) 4 km/hr

Q49. How long does the boat take to travel 50 km with the current?
(a) 4 hours (b) 5 hours (c) 6 hours (d) 8 hours (b) 5 hours [Downstream = 10 km/hr; Time
= 50÷10]

Scenario F — Time and Work

5 workers can reap crops from 8 bigha of land in 6 days.
Q50. How many bigha can 1 worker reap in 1 day?
(a) 8/30 (b) 4/15 (c) 1/6 (d) 8/5 (b) 4/15 [= 8÷(5×6)]

Q51. How many days will 25 workers need to reap 20 bigha?

(a) 2 days (b) 3 days (c) 4 days (d) 6 days (b) 3 days

Scenario G — Income Tax

Nilim's monthly basic pay is Tk. 22,250. First slab (Tk. 2,50,000) is tax-free. Rate for next
slab: Tk. 10 per Tk. 100.
Q52. What is Nilim's annual income?

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(a) Tk. 2,50,000 (b) Tk. 2,67,000 (c) Tk. 2,80,000 (d) Tk. 3,00,000 (b) Tk. 2,67,000 [=
22,250 × 12]

Q53. What is Nilim's taxable income?

(a) Tk. 0 (b) Tk. 17,000 (c) Tk. 27,000 (d) Tk. 50,000 (b) Tk. 17,000 [= 2,67,000 −
2,50,000]

Q54. How much income tax must Nilim pay?

(a) Tk. 1,500 (b) Tk. 1,700 (c) Tk. 2,000 (d) Tk. 2,700 (b) Tk. 1,700 [= 10% of 17,000]

Scenario H — Cistern Problem

Pipe 1 fills a cistern in 12 hours. Pipe 2 fills it in 18 hours. Both are opened together.
Q55. What fraction does Pipe 1 fill in 1 hour?
(a) 1/18 (b) 1/12 (c) 1/6 (d) 1/30 (b) 1/12

Q56. What fraction do both pipes fill together in 1 hour?

(a) 1/6 (b) 5/36 (c) 1/30 (d) 1/9 (b) 5/36 [= 1/12 + 1/18]

Q57. How long will the cistern take to fill?

(a) 6 hours (b) 7.2 hours (c) 8 hours (d) 10 hours (b) 7.2 hours [= 36/5]

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PART C Exercise Questions from Textbook

Direct practice problems — exact questions from Exercises 2.1, 2.2, and 2.3.

Exercise 2.1 — Proportion & Proportional Division

Write down proportion using: (a) 3 kg, Tk.5, 6 kg, Tk.10 (b) 9 yrs, 10 days, 18 yrs, 20
1 days (c) 7 cm, 15 sec, 28 cm, 1 min (d) 12 notebooks, 15 pencils, Tk.20, Tk.25 (e)
125 boys, 25 teachers, Tk.2500, Tk.500
Find continued proportions for marginals: (a) 6, 24 (b) 25, 81 (c) 16, 49 (d) 5/7, 1 2/5
2
(e) 1.5, 13.5
Fill gaps: (a) 11:25::□:50 (b) 7:□::8:64 (c) 2.5:5.0::7:□ (d) 1/3:1/5::□:7/10 (e)
3
□:12.5::5:25
Find fourth proportionals: (a) 5,7,10 (b) 15,25,33 (c) 16,24,32 (d) 8, 8½, 4 (e) 5, 4.5,
4
7
5 Price of 15 kg rice is Tk. 600. Find the price of 25 kg.
6 550 shirts are made daily. How many shirts are made in one week?
Mr. Kabir's sons have ages 5, 7, and 9 years. He gave Tk. 4200 in the ratio of their
7
ages. How much does each receive?
Tk. 2160 is divided among Rumi, Jesmin, and Kakali in the ratio 1 : 2 : 3. Find each
8
person's share.
Labib, Sami, and Siam share money in the ratio 5 : 4 : 2. Siam gets Tk. 180. How
9
much do Labib and Sami receive?
Sabuj, Dalim, and Linkon share Tk. 6300. Sabuj gets 3/5 of Dalim's share, and Dalim
10
gets double Linkon's share. Find each person's share.
An ornament with bronze:zinc = 1:2 and zinc:silver = 3:5 weighs 19 g. Find the weight
11
of silver.
Two glasses: water:syrup = 3:2 and 5:4. Mixed together. Find the ratio of water:syrup
12
in the mixture.
13 a:b = 4:7 and b:c = 10:7. Find a:b:c.
Tk. 9600 is divided among Sara, Mimuna, and Raisa in the ratio 4 : 3 : 1. Find each
14
person's share.
15 Tk. 4200 is divided in the ratio of classes VI, VII, and VIII. Find each student's share.
Solaiman : Salman = 5:7 and Salman : Yousuf = 4:5. Solaiman's income is Tk. 120.
16
Find Yousuf's income.

Exercise 2.2 — Profit and Loss

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NCTB Class 7 Mathematics | Chapter 2: Proportion, Profit and Loss | Complete Question Bank

1 Cloth bought at Tk. 200/m and sold at Tk. 225/m (5 metres). Find the profit.
2 5 dozen oranges bought at Tk. 60 per four, sold at Tk. 50 per four. Find the loss.
3 50 kg rice at Tk. 40/kg sold at Tk. 44/kg. Find the profit or loss.
4 Milk Vita: buy at Tk. 52/litre, sell at Tk. 55/litre. Find the profit percentage.
Chocolates bought at Tk. 8, sold at Tk. 8.50. Total profit = Tk. 25. How many were
5
bought?
Cloth: buy at Tk. 125/m, sell at Tk. 150/m. Total profit = Tk. 2000. How many metres
6
were sold?
7 Bought at Tk. 190, sold at Tk. 175. Find the profit or loss percentage.
8 CP of 25 m cloth = SP of 20 m cloth. Find the profit or loss percentage.
9 8 amloki bought for Tk. 5; 6 amloki sold for Tk. 5. Find the profit or loss percentage.
10 SP of a car = 4/5 of CP. Find the profit or loss percentage.
11 Sold at Tk. 400, loss = L. Sold at Tk. 480, profit = 3L. Find the CP.
12 SP = Tk. 625 at a 10% loss. Find the new SP required for a 10% profit.
15 m red ribbon at Tk. 20/m. VAT = 4%. Customer gave Tk. 500. Find the change
13
returned.
14 Tk. 1 BDT = 0.85 Indian Rupee. Find BDT required for 42,500 Indian Rupees.
Nilim's monthly pay = Tk. 22,250. First slab Tk. 2,50,000 tax-free. Tax = Tk.
15
10/Tk.100. Find the income tax.

Exercise 2.3 — Mixed MCQs from Textbook

1 Which is the twice-divided ratio of 4:9? (d) 16:81

2 A:B = 4:7, B:C = 10:7. What is C:B:A? (c) 49:70:40

3 Second quantity of successive ratio from 4:3 and 5:6? (d) 15

4 How many metres did Maisa get? (30m cloth, ratio 5:3:2) (a) 15

How many metres more did Maria get than Tania? (30m cloth, ratio
5 (a) 3
5:3:2)
Successive ratio of 5:3 and 2:5? (d) 15:6:10
[Bridge the
6 ratio
correctly]

7 Fourth proportional of 3, 5, 15? (b) 25

8 Matchbox bought Tk. 1.50, sold Tk. 2.00. Profit percentage? (d) 33⅓%

Bananas at Tk. 25/4 bought, Tk. 27/4 sold. Profit = Tk. 50. How many
9 (a) 25
bunches?

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— End of Question Bank — Chapter 2: Proportion, Profit and Loss | NCTB Class 7 Mathematics —

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