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CHEMISTRY
CHAPTER 5
“WATER”
Class: 7th Foundation (IIT) Time: 1:15 hours
Date: 28-JULY-2026 (Tuesday) Maximum Marks: 40
I. Choose the best answer:
1. Water shows an unusual physical property called anomalous expansion. At what temperature
does pure water exhibit its absolute maximum density?
A) 0°C B) 4°C C) -4°C D) 100°C
2. The specific fixed number of water molecules that are chemically combined inside the
Crystalline lattice structure of a salt is formally known as:
A) Water of crystallization B) Free moisture water
C) Latent water of fusion D) Deliquescent water
3. When washing soda crystals Na2CO3.10H2O are left open in dry atmospheric air, they lose 9
molecules of water and form a white monohydrate powder. This property is defined as:
A) Deliquescence B) Hygroscopic C) Efflorescence D) Desiccation
4. What is the boiling point of pure water at standard atmospheric pressure?
A) 0°C B) 50°C C) 100°C D) 212°C
5. Why does ice float on top of liquid water?
A) Ice is heavier than water. B) Ice has lower density than liquid
water.
C) Ice has a higher temperature than water. D) Ice contains no hydrogen atoms.
6. What percentage of water on the Earth's surface is safely available as fresh water for human
drinking use?
A) About 97% B) About 70% C) Less than 3% D) Exactly 50%
7. The physical process by which rainwater seeps down through the topsoil and rocks to
recharge the underground groundwater supply is called:
A) Evaporation B) Infiltration C) Sublimation D) Transpiration
8. A sealed glass vial is completely filled with pure liquid water at 4°C and then placed into a
deep freezer set to -5°C. What physical and structural transformation occurs inside the vial as
it cools?
A) The water contracts steadily between 4°C and 0°C, leaving an empty vacuum gap
1
at the top of the vial.
B) The water expands between 4°C and 0°C due to the formation of a rigid, open
tetrahedral cage-like structure, risking cracking the vial.
C) The maximum density increases further as the water passes 0°C to form a hyper-
dense compressed ice solid.
D) The volume stays perfectly constant because mass and volume are locked in a
fixed chemical ratio for all pure compounds.
II. 2 Mark:
1. Explain the ecological significance of the anomalous expansion of water between 4°C and
0°C.
2. Distinguish between a 'Hydrated Salt' and an 'Anhydrous Salt' with a suitable example for
each
3. Break down the global distribution of water on Earth. Why is only a tiny fraction available for
direct human consumption?
4. Define the terms 'Water Table' and 'Aquifer'. How are they structurally related?
5. State two primary factors responsible for the rapid depletion of the underground water table.
6. What is 'Rainwater Harvesting'? State its main objective.
7. What physical structural transformation occurs when blue vitriol (CuSO4 ⋅ 5H₂O) is heated to
250°C?
8. Differentiate Greywater vs. Blackwater.
9. Wha is meant by infiltration?
10. What are the forms of water?
11. Write the methods of water conservation.
III. 10 Mark:
1. Discuss any 5 properties and 5 uses of water.