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Genetics

Genetics is the study of heredity, genes, and genetic variation, explaining how traits are inherited through DNA. Key concepts include genes as units of heredity, the structure of DNA, and the distinction between genotype and phenotype. Humans have 46 chromosomes organized into 23 pairs, with the first 22 pairs being autosomes and the 23rd pair determining biological sex.

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Genetics

Genetics is the study of heredity, genes, and genetic variation, explaining how traits are inherited through DNA. Key concepts include genes as units of heredity, the structure of DNA, and the distinction between genotype and phenotype. Humans have 46 chromosomes organized into 23 pairs, with the first 22 pairs being autosomes and the 23rd pair determining biological sex.

Uploaded by

shino2real
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© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Genetics

Genetics is the branch of biology that studies heredity, genes, and genetic variation in organisms. It
explains how traits (like eye color or disease susceptibility) are passed from parents to children through
DNA—the biological instruction manual for building and operating living [Link] Concepts in
GeneticsGenes: Basic units of heredity composed of DNA. They hold the specific instructions needed to
make proteins, which drive all bodily [Link]: The double-helix molecule that contains the
genetic code. Humans have roughly 20,000 genes, which make up our [Link]: The process
by which characteristics are passed down across generations. The foundation of this field was pioneered
by Gregor Mendel in the 19th century through his studies on pea [Link] vs. Phenotype: Your
genotype is your complete, internal genetic makeup, while your phenotype represents the observable,
physical, and functional traits that result from those genes interacting with your environment.

Chromosomes are thread-like structures in the nucleus of a cell, composed of DNA tightly coiled around
proteins called histones. They act as the "instruction manual" or blueprint for your body, ensuring that
genetic material is accurately copied, stored, and evenly distributed during cell [Link]
ChromosomesIn humans, each cell typically contains 46 chromosomes organized into 23 pairs. You
inherit one set of 23 chromosomes from your biological mother and the other from your biological
father. These pairs are divided into two categories:Autosomes: The first 22 pairs are non-sex
chromosomes that dictate traits like eye color, height, and metabolic [Link] Chromosomes: The
23rd pair determines biological sex. Females typically have two X chromosomes (XX), while males
usually have one X and one Y chromosome (XY).

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