PRESENTATION
SUBMITTED BY: TEHZEEB IRFAN SHAH
IDNO: CSF127
COURSE TITLE: COMPUTER NETWORKS
SEMESTER: IV (FINAL-TERM)
DEPARTMENT: BSCS-I
SUBMITTED TO: SIR BASHIR KHAN
DATE: 1006-2026
IEEE 802.11 Wi-Fi Technology:
Introduction to Wi-Fi:
Wi-Fi is a wireless networking technology that allows devices such as laptops, smartphones,
tablets, and smart TVs to connect to a network and access the Internet without using physical
cables. Wi-Fi uses radio waves to transmit data between devices and a wireless router or access
point.
The term Wi-Fi is commonly used to describe wireless local area networking (WLAN)
technology based on the IEEE 802.11 standards.
IEEE 802.11 Standards:
IEEE 802.11 is a family of wireless networking standards developed by the Institute of Electrical
and Electronics Engineers (IEEE).
802.11a
Frequency: 5 GHz
Maximum Speed: 54 Mbps
Less interference than 2.4 GHz networks.
802.11b
Frequency: 2.4 GHz
Maximum Speed: 11 Mbps
Better range but lower speed.
802.11g
Frequency: 2.4 GHz
Maximum Speed: 54 Mbps
Combines good speed and coverage.
802.11n (Wi-Fi 4)
Frequency: 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz
Maximum Speed: 600 Mbps
Improved performance and range.
802.11ac (Wi-Fi 5)
Frequency: 5 GHz
Maximum Speed: Up to 6.9 Gbps
Suitable for HD streaming and online gaming.
802.11ax (Wi-Fi 6)
Frequency: 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz
Maximum Speed: Up to 9.6 Gbps
Higher efficiency and better performance in crowded environments.
Wi-Fi Architecture:
Wi-Fi architecture consists of several components that work together to provide wireless
communication.
Access Point (AP)
An Access Point is a networking device that provides wireless connectivity to users. It transmits
and receives wireless signals and acts as a bridge between wireless devices and the network.
Wireless Station (STA)
A Wireless Station is any device capable of connecting to a Wi-Fi network, such as a
smartphone, laptop, tablet, or smart TV.
Router
A router connects the local wireless network to the Internet and manages the flow of data
between devices.
Distribution System (DS)
The Distribution System connects multiple access points and allows communication across the
network.
Access Points and Wireless Stations:
Access Points broadcast wireless signals that allow devices to discover and connect to a Wi-Fi
network.
Wireless Stations communicate with the Access Point to send and receive data. Examples include
mobile phones, laptops, tablets, and smart home devices.
Working of Wi-Fi Communication:
1. The Access Point broadcasts wireless signals.
2. Nearby devices detect available Wi-Fi networks.
3. The user selects the network and enters the password.
4. The device connects to the Access Point.
5. Data is transmitted using radio waves.
6. The router forwards data between the device and the Internet.
Radio Waves:
Radio waves are electromagnetic waves used to transmit information wirelessly through the air.
Wi-Fi uses radio waves, mainly in the 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz frequency bands, to exchange data
between devices and access points.
Broadcasting:
Broadcasting is the process of sending the same signal or information from one source to
multiple receivers simultaneously. In Wi-Fi networks, routers broadcast their network names
(SSID) so nearby devices can discover available networks.
Advantages of Wi-Fi:
No physical cables required.
Easy installation and configuration.
Mobility and flexibility.
Supports multiple devices.
Cost-effective networking solution.
Limitations of Wi-Fi:
Limited coverage range.
Signal interference from other devices.
Potential security risks.
Performance may decrease with many connected users.
Applications of Wi-Fi:
Homes
Offices
Schools and Universities
Airports
Cafes
Hotels
Smart Homes
Internet of Things (IoT) devices
Conclusion:
IEEE 802.11 is the foundation of modern Wi-Fi technology. It enables wireless communication
between devices and provides convenient Internet access. Continuous improvements in Wi-Fi
standards have increased speed, efficiency, security, and reliability.