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DISASTER MANAGEMENT
DISASTER DISASTER MGMT
Def -a seious dishuphon hatuhal
*+ Disaste d(to bazohdous eNets
han- ade
Chahateistics hesulhinain signtfcaut te
exceecds the Koss phopety
Sudden escalathon oh eomt.
Onset copg capacty of
Severe dsRupion the ateted cororunty
Lfe
Loss ofpopety
Sauhce based Types DUhaioo tased
wdespead Impact
esponse Natha
Anitsopogei Rapid Slw
Onset
Onget
Cyclones,
tsunamis,
&plosioros,
leakage e Eauthquake, ciate
eanthquaes to wast
Lardslides,
Jore, Change,
desehe
flood fion.
R'sks
*’ Hazoreds, Vuloelabihes 4 rous Cond
1) Hazahds
DefCHerensIhos poteho
to cau’ihjy t o e
phopety
C polon, defonestatioo
LTypes -r AnthhoncGeophysica)eanthquake,tsunauni
-Nabkal
Natolod tydnological’ uaamche, flocd
Cinotological ’ duougt,uillfhe
+Meteaokogical-> cycdore s, stobrses
L Bialagca ’ disease epidemics, plogue
Cood's detemhed by
) Vulnehabiltes +econopic
inchease the suscepbllty to fropact of hazords
Bcononc

Types-physical
Social
rvihonrOtal
Atitudioal
Defn Measuhe of expe ded losses dIto a hazad eNent
3) Risks Riske P%obabiity of Hazord x Deghee of Vudnehasilty
RisktAcceptonce
Ways of +Avotdauce
Deang +Reductoo
Thanster
 Vunesability Phocess1. Ironotance cPre- DtSassen plawntg
Risk AsseSS met Phocess
· Contact Admin · Impohtance teNdet alocahon
)Hazahd Jdertifcatioaopgen of hesoUMces
) Exposohe Analysspop Policyattion
o tPotishq vunenatle
tcogrounity-bosed tangeted s hed
)Vuneabilty Asse ssroet disastehsh thategie
9) Capouty Assessnet
thed
+hsuance *Ernena hesponse
hesilience bldhg LIJethhes
s) Risk Evaluahon 9 HaZayd
phobability+ Bxpsule+Vulreability POpl"s asset.
Capaty
ohganisation and ngunt
*Disaste, Mgothebouhces e hespoHsibilhes
deal wih all huroanitahian aspects
Need ef eregeries -’ lessen the topat of d'sastens
) Save Lives & Mnimize Casuthies eg.- Cydone Phoilb (a013)Vey ess
casualthes
) Ensuhe Quck eCoohdihated Response - eg - Cov20-19 paudenic hoe of atAhealt
4 toOrdhate
PPEsuppl phobcols
) Ph oheet Dewtgains eg- Negolas)cathaa osls cdhain's Lquarauibe
certhes
udesthoyed bullauh¡s
4) ErmpoweA Cormm unihes &Build Local hetaots
NGOs
Capa uty ej.- NDMA's "Apda Mitta'scheme
hestohathon
3) Doco% fon
s) Eratad Protechion --eg- manghoe 2) Grponý Youloy)
"Rah at 4) RedR Lbela
tnithahve
8 DisasteMgt Cde
Keystoges
of achhes
Phe-disaster Post-dsaste
Chisis Mgd
Phace Phase Phe Oceuhere Post
disastea disastea
- Pheveon - Rellef (R)
-Long tem 6vocuahon, R
ritgoton Response
- RehabUtte
mÁasuhe search
-Pheposedress Gembankmet, hescue,
Reconsthud eathivake hesidad basic
- Shot-telm need
kecoveay meesUhe
Repaih GAwoeness
- Revive
Campagrs
* Disaster Risk Reducion e Plannhy 2Pal'cy fhamenaak
)Rls Assessr eut
Stea'rs) Risk Awareness
ceexasUse
- lessewed vubeNcebity
4 Plan inplemetaton
-s) Ealy souning Syste
(peo ple pAopen) 6) tnowledge dst
- wise mgt ehmt
nphOve pheparecdness
+*Phepahedness nouledje, capauties Thodithoal Csety
Pheparednessdeveloped · Contact Admin ·
by gots, hesponse 1
hecaueay goiset'oos. 3Ps
Actvihes to ariupßte, hespond heave t+ Rescue + Pheentan
iodude tRelie
t+|Plonia
Coningency fhorm opacs of mohen oh CUuent
toRestoaion
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disasteas.
Aequiproe
atockpllgsupplies
Coohd
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develophg evavao advese rnpoct afa'
oageets public hfo bmeasuhehazasdous elet
thabhg, rescises Lteg techniqus
point agenda- Disaster Risk Red +ha~,d- hesstcut
"PMs lo gond ih India CADMenEst polaes
Constsuchon
enmta
1) Devt Se ctos- phinuples
of dlsaster sk mgd
Wgodal

+ Relief Rehabiltaton
3) ted Patipaon + Women leadesi
4) Invest’ isk Mappihg Roief Rehabili
tohon
RecoeY
SReconsfA
)6) Levenage Techncleyy
ehohk of UnversiHes’Wank on disaster Danage 9
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basic
- Loca
isSues aSsessned sevices $ - Seivices
7) uilize Soual media 4 mabile techs Ltene
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f'hstaid - Resume -Ecoromy
8)Local eapa dhies bihatves hOhnal - Physita
- Tempray patten sthúcues
sheltes
9) Lean fhon the dsaster
to) Cohesic ht'l dsaster Response
opeAates undea mutth'- len
inshhuional fhaMeWOlk
hpek guided by DMA, 20r eltectve disse augup
paleymaung hstalrm¿chauisn MonitN
body estabishes NDMA
Apphove fibancicl sDMAs
tNotal Plan tmehasms DDM As
t plams by Depts) (NDRENDM) NIDM ’ capaty bul dihg
4Recaromed Mhistis Speific LNDR
hesporsbilihes
tunds
.nlaal Exec. Corowpifte to LSGs
e - irmplemen
the polues plans
" Natal Insttte of DM (NIDM) haume a naalHRDplan
L'Capauty buldi' thanihgmodwles
NDRES equipped to hespond heseasth
(Nata
asasteu Response faNce) SDMA
State lewelsEC
Anancal Ahangemeu Distt deNel
DDMA
4NDRE-Resorse fund
NDMF- Mitigohafund
Policy Plar ,cuttuhe of pevetion, phepaledness &hesíience
· Contact Admin ·
- Natal Poucy on DM, 2009 mit hyiation
measUNS

Recovey cag apph oal

heslut sthuhes
Bwld' Back -rnedia
Better phoductive poathue partoeship
nata
Mult- HazaNd coveGgebiologica
Plon(NDMP), 2019sendai frameok cheeal
’ Nata DM PlauCDMP),2019o Algnment ihdiustNa
udeo
Sectoa STisedesponsl 4 Phioityhisk undeustandy
billH Stode
bistt
aheas raovernae
thveste'sk
on Mitigahion L phepaiedness
hed

|Issues DM h odia
-’ e- Gyclone Foui faa) exposed gops
Systems
) Tradequote Ealy auning o last -roile aletd'ssersihatu
uncheched
e f. - SilkyoÀa Tuonel collapse (yK, 2022)
Pooh Uban Plapning Consthuchn hecoloicaly fhagle zanes
)los Community Phephedness eg- Kedaunoth Floods (2e)
local eNauhoo duUe
4 Resauhce Consthabts e.-&kkty flash L decenthalsed hesponst
floods C2028) mechauism
s) Neglected MiHgahion Measuhes - ej - Assaum's annual floods
Weak enbaukment
Þersist
e) Emeigg Thheats ej- AIIMS cfoenot
(2022)
tack lyabserce ’ Update
) Cuoate induced Dsastels [Link]
eg - Hirmachal Cloud buhsts (2023) oppy
) Outdatecl / ihcorsplete data oh haxand zones,pop"uloerabiliy hfha hisks.
*’ Way fowad GIS
1) Tech Integhaton T
flood alets uia C- DAC Systems
d ones
2) Cornmunity -Led Phepaned ness Than Aapda Mtha velunte exs
ocal mock dls
) USban Cinate Resience IEC Campagns - Info, tducat CoMmu nica
eco JNatol Builag Code 4) lobod cooper ale-Age Rlsks
Sensitive inte disaster isk plams
heen Smat Cties Mission ALgu poliues> sendai fhauewak
Pnepaedness
'Pande lemysa

S) Capauty Building thheats+ybeattacs

Research- Sthengthen aIDM chemiccl,alueleo
Bto, Radiolaica
6) PMs 10 point agenda Stote thahhg inshtutes
" NITI Aayog &est Phachices
Amolle app - halahd aleus
) Disasten Risk Reduchon+hithakoot (Up) hestones check daws
Geombot hecwAet thahs SHG3
dhoug
cortholheief camps
) heala: Paunchayot-level
(201 flocods) 4supply chons
 · Contact Admin ·

Differences Between the Sendai Framework and Hyogo Framework for Action
Aspect Sendai Framework for DRR (2015-2030) Hyogo Framework for Action
(2005-2015)

Timeframe 2015-2030 2005-2015

Scope Broader: includes natural & technological Primarily focused on natural

(industrial, biological, chemical, etc.) hazards
hazards

Priorities 4 priorities: Understanding risk, risk 5 priorities: Governance, risk

governance, investment, identification, knowledge,
preparedness/build back better addressing risk factors,
preparedness

Approach Outcome-based, quantitative targets, Activity-based, focused on

multi-stakeholder engagement resilience, state-centric
(government, private, communities)

Role of Shared responsibility (state, local Primarily national governments

Stakeholders government, private sector, communities)

Alignment Closely aligned with Sustainable Acknowledged but less integrated

Development Goals (SDGs) with SDGs

Infrastructure Emphasis on protecting critical Focus on minimizing loss of lives

Focus infrastructure & lifelines and livelihoods

Inclusivity Focus on inclusivity, accessibility, and Less explicit focus on inclusivity

capacity of vulnerable groups

Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) and Disaster Resilience (10 years of SDG)
1. SDG and DRR are interlinked: Disasters, whether sudden (e.g. cyclones) or slow-onset (e.g.
drought), can reverse years of development gains.
2. Climate change as threat multiplier: It increases the frequency and severity of disasters like
floods, storms, and sea-level rise.
3. SDGs are at risk: Disasters disrupt economic growth, poverty reduction, and social progress,
hindering SDG achievement.
4. Preparedness alone is not enough: DRR must be integrated into development planning and SDG
implementation.
5. Sendai–SDG synergy: Progress on the Sendai Framework supports SDGs, and many SDG targets
reinforce DRR, making them mutually reinforcing.

11
* Global Disaskr Mgunt Fha
fhamewok
· Contact Admin · oplemeuts endai fhamek.
9 UNDRR [UN Ohce foa Disastea Risk RedJ fon Dsaste Rish Red
(2052Q30)
heath erergeney hesponge
) WHOCehcal ad ance
Health Gaegeny Daaste
Risk gut[Health-EDRn]
Red(1DNDR): 990-2000 Outcome
3) Iot! Decade fon nath a Dtasten "aal isk assessents Ihave
UN ihah've Lobjethues o ai/loca
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Uhivessa access EwS Sthategy fo
LYopohawa Sthategy (1944) Disasten Red
focus shit post- disaste sphevehon
phepovednes
9 Hyogo hamewohk fon Acton (2005- 2015) on Yokohana
Kobe Confeence in pau Phoghess
L200S Kobe
sthotegy
Key Phu'ohes 1DRRn
aal /local piohy
RiskasSe&Smetimphove
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(poatlend use,
to POveu
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e hiskhed 4) RishUbdestan
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s) Sendai Fhamewahk fon Disaster Risk thel
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disasteu u'se 4)
Phmay hole of `tote ’ heduce
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L Responslbility shawhg stakeholdes "Build Gac
Bettenw

*’Disaster Mgmt (Arnendnent) At, 20S

Aims: ) Poachve tisk hed
) Institutbnal Sthengthenhg Aaral Csis MgutCormotee
3) StattAy sttus ’ phe- At onganizahon
4) Effdet wonkihg of NDMA 8DMA NDMA

) Phepase disasBen plan at nata State lewelcMA

doto base rNaal
6) Cheahon of disas te stote
) Consthte- "Unban Disaste Mgut Authoty
Munic(pe Coonission Chaihpensan
8) state Gout’ Conshte sDRE
 MAJOR DISASTERS
· Contact AdminCONCERNED
· MGMT
SEathquake) víoleut shakhg of ghound &eveything ouen A
e Suddeg
hesuth fhors accumulated sthess af rouhglithosphene
’ GA.:Nepal [Link]"
TUskey- Syhia EQ (2022) - S0Wfodalihes
) Atghaistan tQ (2823) ’ Casualh'es in Herat
Tectonic plote rots - eg.-20o! ujanat quake
’ Causes Nhuho 2) Volcanic ahvtyes.ot0 leeland tQ
9Faulthg fhachhes eg. - Sou Andheas faut
Anthhopqenic Isostahc Adjusthoeuts ej-minoA quqheg-» Scandtoaa
Seisroic waúes fhom ej- 2004 tsunami quae
JReseAvol otherquakes (Alaska)
Quaurg seisrgicity Gas
induced ) 01G 4) GeotheAmal
ej-Jhaoa exthachon fhackhg
coaltelds -- i367 - oahorsq
e8-2006 J)Rapld popl"ghowt
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Disastes beakdWO 6) Tthaplte Risk Tirg
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hoti,
ttha Nota
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s) Capauity buldhg ErnegNes(tOc) Opeaiors hesilent
6) Sthengthen Ernelgency kesponseMehausyadestCorad
ULBS, NGos
) ommun Papahon PRIs, Systems
 ydone · Contact Admin · - CA.:) Hudhud()
’Def": Low phessUhe weather systemiwnds 3) Fani kQo19)
cihclcte at speeds >6<kmhh
4) Arophan( 202)
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teems
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cylones
La1 |23 deadlest cyclones globaly hitoa
Bdesh
Lo

L3 coastal stotesf U f4dist]- cydene hisks

3) Tsunaw Ihdian OCean Tsunami
· Contact Admin · (2004)
bef": Series of 1asge waves of extheely )Tapan Tsuoai(2)
’ 3)Iodoresia Tsunami
lange ovelength (2013)
juhted by underseathedishubance
Ocean *Tsurmí hisk ib India
nea tbe coast i
)Sudden lajge-scale dsthbances lostZo0 yhs ’ India Ocean
’ Causes Gsea floon
3 affeded <-13 tsunanis
laids'aes AodawmaM
UodeMater yolcanic ehuphos L Eastern weste coastibes
eteolte inpots A3lak uMaksOn Coast
-t) Loss af Human Lifee.-004 Tsun Wes last thheat
’ Lmpad ethuchooofacasto t s poxt,
bdges
3) fcono mc alshupion fhubg, touis Lodiam
4) Ental omage oonghoves, heet- desthoyeJ stotes
s) Popl^ disp laement wteabane
6) Health &anitahon Ch'sis diseaes

halhe
7) Lm pad oH t a e ecas ystesO
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Heitage Cultuhe
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measuhes
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NDRA
maughove' hestay
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)Mainstheamig
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sunami

’challengs ’Mihgation Phepadedoess

) Lack of paleo-tsunami studies I)Ehance suenhfc heseach
a) Absence topoghaphic bathyoethic seabed mapp
dota ) ommunity-based disasteu
3) Ltd pubie aoeess phe panedhess phqhauas
modesn ocean
4) Iradequate etA hteghate thadithbna 3) Data colethon +
oAservotion
kbuledge
) Coastal popl" lock acces 4) Build systens
tthnely, helole
cap auhes
loceay waunbg
evabatbn
"UNESO-T0C Tsunami Ready Phogha planna
emergetty
PAomotes cerormunity s) stid enfocemeesponse
level heacihess eRz'hules
) Phorhote eco-fhiendly
coastal devt
4)Ploods Kelala floods(201B)-49o+
’Derverflow f wata onto
· Contact Admin ·
noArgally ’ Ghan Ploods (2020) deats
dhy land AsSan fhoods (2022)
caused by heavy hainjall Palistan floodsl2022)
hivel ovenflow
Suges dau fouhe
) Intenge Monsoon Rans
’ Causes:Nathal) Mettha Snon, Glalal -Ecosystenm daage
Lakes feLor]-e GLOe Sedietato

Agthhopgjent
3) ylone Coasta -watea contaminaon

Stokr e Cyclore Michauirg

(2023) -Soll fety lass
1)Unhegulated 4) Rhen Oveow Gchenai -Soil Ehasioo
, Excess nflous
-Ovenflo b Yamu4
) Conchesation Ros) 4) Enetal
SUhface hun off ’ Impad deghgddioy
3) Defalestaton Land
Deghadaton ) Econorc 3)Health
Riss
Misrngteg2018Keraa floods Soal
- Damageto - Otbeak
Mbihg Sedinetation -Less of fe Iofha t Uve- ateaboAne
6) irnae chane Exthene - Inijony hoods di'seases
-Displacement Losses g--cholea,
Weathe
¬- Utaakhand
(2013)

’ MgrotIDMA)
B) Non-Sthucal Measuses
A) Sthuchhal MeasUes
) C o n s t u c h o o r G n b a n k e n t

)flood foecashh Eay

flood Levees darohg
a) Rhes Bed gd affosestahion ) Floo dplah xonng 4
nihahivescheckdans hegulah'ons
3) Wateshed Mgut soil eonseavaho 3) Basin-Wise flood gl
rmeasues
4) Anti Ehasion measiNes -slope pifcutg, hevetment, tools
Spus 4) Wetlad Consevation
s)food Sheltes e Rused Pltams
y essehalsevices s) Public Ahwaleness 4
oe Info Dissemhaton
" Mbik shah Comnttee (216) htegtated
hesoUhce mgut 6) Instal Sthengtheuh
qudelheJ’ heal thne da
dischavge montonng Coto Goard
" WB Sowth Asia flDod Repa C2021) Natse bQsed
sal's 4Bhahnaputha
Boand

t+ Best phactices
4 Kazihayga's Anitnal coudos
5)UHban Alocdng ’CA:nHyderabad (202o)
· Contact Admin ·
ihundhon of land/phopety ihdtes henna Coos)
’Def? cOused by hainfol/oastol stom
Suhges
Abihelmthg the capaity of
Ovelbelamba
dhairage systems aHeauy hains
Meteohotegico) foctosycdones -e-Meoung023
’ Causes i? aesten dishubancey eg-Delhio
Arthhepogenandusecloudbuhst
Conhuchoge-Hydeatad(ey)
HydhalogicalChnate loodplains encAoachrmeuteg-chennoieos)
aco Choe dam water helease s
Leinutaneus Unban Heat Tstands
hunoff tenip
eg-Assy Pooh solid uaste cisposa
GLounha (2022)
Iopa9Lass of ves hjuies elechoctbs
Conohete sUnfaces eg- Delh 2024
-Gengalo 00 a) înfha baunage Cnhas
High sol ooistune + 3) Econormic d'shuphoo
houndwater Jewels engue
4) Rublic Health C'sis Malaa
Hyu hdes MurmbouQ021
s) ThanspOt Dishuphbns
6) Enrotal Had
Challenges
1) Absence af Risk Assessoent *Bestpathces
) No Localised flood Mapping Delbi+ Rdae
Pheseivahon
3) Pooh Ioter- Ageney caon d Chenna’ take Restokahion Unban
Projects
4) Lock of nfo shauihg DNabgge)
decis/oos sadswolood
4 Use of pelreable
paveneyNew
S) haarsented Iovestroentonsutahon hausg hesience Town
6) Mhinad Stakeholdea plannig (kolkat)
Atehtan
-+ Mamt ) EWS Cormuncatoo'expaud caverage Doppter Wecther Rodans
(ADMA at UAban aea oundaves
Design Mgnt cothrgent
tacwUhate uh dota
edicaded Wbam
Olnerabiliy Anolysis Rise Assessroet fLood Cells
) Enesgency Phepanedness AesponseShengten oC Respônse
effechve Thudent
s) Capacity Building e PublicAiaAeness SystemCIRS
Lthaning phqghames
4documetotion knoledge Shang
fohwasd
" High-PoHeNed ommitee on Uhban
9sthengthen ULB capoity Floodibg (204) stonete oaster
plan h ahey
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3) Smat Dhanage Lofha - Ahbone laser
Teha Mappa "MoHUA Repot heconmend
4) Connrnurniy Bgog ementCN Sponge ciy
s) Revve Jate bodies eg.- Biore Emyeotal Thust (Bergelohu) modes
aheen hoofs bechage wells
6) Gheen Infhaah gahdens
pelrneoble pawernents
) Nctohe -based sl's welland hestonaton, uiban forsts, blue-heen coihdons.
e) Landslide · Contact Admin ·
pherorgenon ’CA.: ARecent landslides in
’Def", qeological laynad dist (a024)Caused
inasses of hock, sol o debhis
move down asope snttcaut oss pkopeuty
àto ghawity )Iotense Ranfal "3,1%2 Landslides ’0-2022
GMast b kerala
’ Causes :Natuhal2)Sotl EAason
)eigroic Achvity ’Iopat
4) Volcanic Dishsbances ) Casuaies & Thaua
Humao-irduced eg- 2023 Ihshaladi cMau)
landsde
1) Desthuchon of fohest
Cover ) Desthuchon of Chical bfha
) Uhplanned Unban Expansion 3) ThanspOAt E Communicahoo
eg.-Joshinath
hhegulated Eath &cavahon Pxalysis
4) Aahicutal Devastahon
4) imode chaygeberhic habfal
extheme NeatheA Geg-Malh village044
evet Landsde
’Mgot aDMA) ) ToUnisry Setback-eg- Hhochol
4 PAepanedness MeaSUNeS landslides 2003-+ Chppled
landsl°de Hazad Zonahon Mappba touis
hereue
2) EWS e) Geormobhologcal
Alteratons bloçk vea
Channels
3) Capacity Buuldbg &Thaioibg
4) Puble Arwauenes
s) CBDM
I¾C CAmpagns ) Ecological Impat weg-esaai
4Habitat fhagmentotion
aPaobibitlosthuchióg

hihgahon easuhes 8) Pubuc Heatth hazods

)Regulaton af lard Use
Sol% hetug wlls zones] a) Economic thaunhehalbilitatdo
hock bbth -abion walls heconsthut
ion costs
3) 3lope Stablisohôn MeasUNeSshothete I) Displacerment
Resettlerget
Ubing
) Dhainage gtihtha tevath *Best Phachces
) Rethoftha of
’ Way foAHOd Lo Hityachal
1 Real-thne Monitouapiezomdea Zorahon oaps
hcihometes 4 Plood &Landslde fon slope safety
AI-boased EwS
States CoOhdw unifed couo'l
gntwaanad
`) Hmalayan foh cisoste " UNDP Risk Atlas (2015)’assess
phe pauedess disaste
4) Strnulahon Hazaad Modelurg isks
) Ecosysterm Photethonsustahable est
*aias " Gout MeasUhes gobaly
Use
) Eco-sensitve Uhban Plannng ) Landsde Atlas of India
Ghestict Lage consthuchoo ) Natnal Landside Rsk Mgrst Sthatey
20nes
) Sthuchhal Sofety Buildha Codes 3) Naa Landsde fosecashhg Ceutne
4) Digital ToalsBhusanket patal
[Link] nstihute Recomnendahi'ons Bhoeskhalan
uMapphg R sdope staktisotlon s) Senda fnamewOAk
JDMARidelibes (2009)- SB-epefic AUgoment
hisk inappr ) Landslide Aice Mihgahan scheme
 · Contact Admin ·

Comparison: Western Ghats vs. Himalayan Landslides

Aspect Western Ghats Himalayas

Geological Old, stable, hard rock formations Young, tectonically active fold mountains
Nature (Archaean rocks) (Himalayan orogeny)

Type of Mostly shallow, debris slides, rock falls Deep-seated landslides, debris avalanches,
Landslides rock slides

Primary - Intense rainfall (especially during - High seismic activity (frequent earthquakes) -
Causes monsoons) - Deforestation and Heavy rainfall and snowmelt - Steep, unstable
unregulated construction - Quarrying slopes - Deforestation and road construction
and road cutting

Rainfall Heavy, concentrated monsoon rainfall Combination of rainfall, snowmelt, and glacial
Influence triggers landslides retreat increases landslide frequency

Seismic Negligible seismic activity; landslides High seismicity zone; earthquakes frequently
Influence are rain-induced trigger landslides

Frequency & Frequent but relatively small-scale Both frequent and large, catastrophic landslides
Scale landslides

Example - Kerala 2018 & 2020 landslides - Uttarakhand 2013 Kedarnath disaster -
Incidents Himachal Pradesh 2023 landslides

Risk Mapping Focus on regulating construction, Early warning systems, slope stabilization,
& Mitigation afforestation, hazard zonation seismic-resistant infrastructure

Future Unregulated tourism Glacial lake outburst floods (GLOFs) -

Concerns Climate change-driven intense rainfall Earthquake-triggered landslides - Fragile slopes
due to over-construction

Role of Hazard Zonation Mapping in Landslide Disaster Mitigation

● Risk Identification: Classifies regions into high, moderate, and low hazard zones using
topography, geology, soil, and rainfall data (e.g., Nilgiris district in Tamil Nadu).
● Land Use Regulation: Helps restrict construction and deforestation in high-risk areas (e.g.,
banned development in parts of Idukki, Kerala).
● Early Warning & Preparedness: Aids in placing monitoring tools and planning evacuations in
vulnerable zones
● Infrastructure Planning: Guides safe alignment of roads, tunnels, and dams away from
unstable slopes (e.g., Teesta Valley realignment in Sikkim).
● Targeted Resource Allocation: Enables focused funding and slope treatment in critical zones
(e.g., NHAI slope stabilization projects in Uttarakhand).

24
)|Cloudbuhst · Contact Admin · oUttaukashi Coud bunst, U
(202)
Enakrnous arnount o phecipithi'on Mandi, H.p. (2d )
*Def"; Arnanathe atha (20224
in a shot pe lod of the 202)
e capcble of cheatng flood cond' ower
a Sn al goghaphical aea (20-30 kut)
JOm/hour
Audden condensgothoo of rmoishue-ladedouds
-CausesMeteonological factos ghopht f h n g o t
fachat
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9Geoghaphlcal haWoeshesthid sphead of hah couds
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) tuman Achvh'es unpanned uhbanzahon
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calbon Genchoahent
emfssioo
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’ Impa RDO RepaNt on Hgh -ALhde
) loss of Lies Propey Weater Montovg
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3) Dishuption of omechiy deloyed
als, coormunicahdn hes
heief hascue
4) Enmtol Deghadohdlandslidés, sotlerasioo
Damage foncsts,natood
babitats
CouAse chumgbg by hives an fods
*’Best phachices
- Way fOkWaNd deploy Dopplea hadaus b Dopple Weather Radas h NÊ
Shetes
1)Sthengthen Ewssoteiite
sotellite montohg
tinely aleat t'ssues 4SMS-bagd comounity adEAts
JQK, H.
2) Coromunity Pepau edoess ANaweness Chowd
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3) Irphoved Infha e Plannhg ecolezically fhagle zones iS ecogensve 2ones
buld iesilënt ofha (eg- AroAANath Yotha)
4) Ecosystem-based measUsesaffanestatiog
woteshed gt
s)Poly e Instal sthengthemng
CoOhd 3ubteghate cloudbust 'hisk assessrneut
ibto uA ban plannh DM palues
SDMAS,
Lcal bodies , chudbunst patterns
6) Reseaeh Dota ole chbndte oecasthg

Sletife hst's DMoyences

 · Contact Admin · Dhout Risk Assesneut
-DST
b6o. India's distts (2024)
Def": wbhon the hanfll deficiency Gphone to floods &
alea is
26, of ts long tey nOlmal dhougd
)Low haibfale 2009 daoygt 91 distts "Venyg'
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heaoNe
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dhdughthisk
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4) VOhiabilty in Sothase
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) Detoxestahion
- Anaz00 basn s) Snowpack "WB hepaht on wote
dh yng deft -eg. Indus basih ate Stahcty n Sotth Asia
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water table Iropat
3) Daro consthuchon 1CAop failune ivestoc
g-Nile basin dispudes Lóss-e- 2046 Bundelkhand daougt
4) Uhtanisaton ) Dried ater bodies e9.- Chennau (2a19)
es- Baglose wode hungenutton
Nisis 3) FoodshohtogesCool
) CUmate change ) Rajasthau: wormen walhg oiles to feth
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megadhougtht S) Maathwada Water wves coOCept
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1 Institutional fhane wok d|to hepeaUhes
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establish Dhougt hono ) Bundellehand : Sofl deghadahon
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LVulnelabiity roops 3) Kutch hegion : Wetands &ildHe suffeed
) Watesshed devt ResoUhceConsevahon dto phalonged dhogts
4ote haveshha
Lvegetaton hesfokction ’
Hhigahion Measuhes
3) Assessmet, Monitohing &Early arning )Dhouglt Drone Ahea Phqgheun me
Linsta ’atoohc weather (DPAD) Desert Devt PhoGhoe
stations 4 hc rmerged to wwDPRA (DDp)

)Sientfic &Techrlogcal MeaeunS PhoghamyMeCNAQUIM)

Lviuoge Resoukce cethes 3) Imphove IMD fonecast

4) Contous bundng, check das
s) Capacty Bulding Comtnunity Ausouenes s) Raunwater bauveshng
4CBDM LPRIS, UL8, NGo, ej-fasui found )DhoUt-hesstaut thap
) Relief Res ponse MeasUsestoddea baus vaNlekes
Hloud Seedhg Technelegy
{* Best phachces - Decenthalsed tank hewhal eg- Delh;heceut cloud
4Jalyukt Shiah-Mohaasht Telaga seedibg phojet
using GTech
GMukhya Manthi Jal Swavalanban " [Link] Shah tecralagY
Mohiycn - Rojastham Committee ’ Resthucuye CwC
Missibo Kakatya - Telougana
GSialam Sufalam-ujaiat
4Rahwater Haveshhg- Rajastho
’ Way fohwnd AdminWateshed
ANatal
· Contact · Det Phoghane fal Rahfed Aneas
tenshed- based Apph0aches
MatlatalGwDPSC
Aqufer s0hutues chech dams,
Water hoveshngMappirkt doe faumponds
tasmponds
2) Woter ResOUhCe

) Aghicwtuhal Adaptatbo hought- mecstaut chops

Soil onsevatn fechniqes
'Chop dlversiflcation
,thnphOve monsoon fonecastrg
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nonttohhg Gsoll nastne

)|Heatwave temps.
Irdia (a0s)’ 200o decths
Euhope (2019)
-Del",pehiod of unusualy high Delhil0 Q4)
(wMO) typically lashing fon atieost Ss
conseutive days "CEEN Sthudy
Taily max tep Aug. max"temp +5°cmoe ST dst6/. India's
the popl
locaton
'Hjinheot
to vey
hsk
’ Causes
) Dombaunce’ Hot, DAy Ah ’Jmpats
) Low tturniduty levels )Dehydatibn, fat'sue, heat stkes
2) Wate Scancitypod
3) Han Phessuhe Aicycdanic Cond'ySemi-and heselyos
Ghid failuheS, electhiity shatoges
4) Geehaphical QRegloncl fadas Gted poLJe dersand
S>Seasonal wind potterns 4) Chop phoductivíty debes
6) Iofluence af Global waimhg s) ivestk heatth olp suffe
6) Risk ef fohest fihes tes
’Mgnt (NDMA)
ABest phoattces sth-lwel
)Ewss ORS HAP bndya
PheOhedresoong ads G Abmedabad HAP (2013)
2) Health Seca staf'natnig LCool Roof Progham- Hyderabad
2) Irte-agency coohd
4) Heat Ahon plans (HAP)
Coromuntty Coolng Centhes
s) Modiftcaton of wJoakng hos (Rajastha)
4 od'sha Stae HAP
) Coolhg Spaces &Sheltes
Gpublc coolhg centhes th
fns, wate shade
"Lancelat Comnisson on Heath clnate Chamge’ Caled fon heat-health
sUNvelance
Lo)Cold wave · Contact Admin ·
temp belou nolmal
Noth diaa9,
De<n,rsnificaud dhop in --CA: uSA WihteA
Plans Stoma0)
(IMD)
bill
yhgons mibn temp LTexas
MiMteMp =40°c
less les
e
’ Causes
19 Inlow of Chlled ouhroasses fhoro Pales Irnpact
Slte
) clean shies Long winte nght fotalihes esp. po0
8) Hg-pkessUNe LJetheasystes homelesS
4) Westeans Dishu bances 2) Aghiculhseclaoges
Chops
standing
stunted ghouthyBa
) Snow-cover in Ht,alauaseernhanced
albedo 3) Lielhood Dishuphocondthuchioo
&) Geoghaphlcol VatheabUy u slow dowddoa
Aunab, Haayana, Dlbi, laboul
w OP, patts of Biban cvesck +health ssues
dlto,
PA Oxurityto 4) Thanspot q Iofha dense fog-po
Himaloyas ted /disuby visib/lty
hoad hail hoad, ai
accidents
way fokwosd S) Enengy bernond Spikes
1) Aghicultuhal MeasUhes e) DeoAestahon hise t ihewood
LDisH Chop Conhihgerey Plans Consumpib
) Social topacts thah on
ttete homes
Lcold-hesstout chop thealth fodlhes
bchop coues, muldg, palyhouses homeless tgot helel
tnogihalised
Sechors
gervicés
Iofhca 8helte Measues
4schools apublc buildigs terpokaly shetes
ihsulohon of twoate pipelhes
adequate heathg ahangem ent in sheltesblankes
stok essentol supple wam
} Phepahedoess MegsuAeS. Dst specific Cald geduhe
a wahenes Euy
dhives Wove Phepahedoess Plans
valutees
4) Cornmunity Suppakt get up tempahay ng
shetes UNban hotspot
togeted spyot hormeless
eldeny
childre
+ Best phachices 4 Kashmih: Dukh Chilai kalan
L Delhi :ligu shelters wtbh heating facilhes thad'al gethods were
Blanket isthibutlon dves +by stete utilzedej- Kange
4EWSs ’ v'a TV, hadio, mobile pat), fyod
pheseving thnough
sun-dyg
* Anthhop ogeic Ha zands -· Contact
ocCUAhhg
OcUAhhg dto
dHo · HUr
Admin HUMAN neglgence
faluhe e tahe
Brologcal Disaste the syste Caelessness
di'sease
hvovdisability on a lage scale
’ DefM,Atenaios bumans death
Cmonganirnals Bological BMsaster
Lalto plats
touns disease caused by EpYdemic Pardemic
Lve ganisrng oh thelk phoducts
atfect a SpAeade dcAass
Biolgcad Agents as wMDs langeno. of a
lageCo VID-19,
tegoo
ibdidals
) Higkly vihwent pathogens wlhih apop
Swibe fu
beg. lucdean, Boloical tegion
Chemical HB) thad holea,
a) Low ca,dual-use botechnology Pogue
Gmahes them atthacve
**Legal FhameoAk
3)Delayed effect after ibcubaton baceda
4 BiotÁhohisy htenhonal helease-- vihuses )State , Local level
to hom cluillans L Healt Stete sutet
G 73hdcAA PRIs +health
Sanitethon
’NDMA Pheveuhion Phepoedness LMuiipel Ceronttees
hobust suvellance Acts
1) Biothheat assessmet
ateDiSt
2) Muti-Setonal apph oach
3) Vuloerakility hisk assessret at maco
tpidemic Diseases Act, I897
miCho levels
4IPC,C,PC
3) Nad level
4) Vtal fstallations seuhed by Aesthictg ater PAatechoo At,994
access.
LEnrot Photecion Aet,1986
s) Usbg heatth wONhes
6) Awaeness comunihes
fondeteeanykon 4) Int'l
Quaranhine suspeted cases LIntl Heath Rguahon,
’HHgahion Btalogical Toxn
9 Eantydedechon; pahed salahon; Contact tha uty weapors Gnveno, 19%
MoD
MHA
Railays
3) Soveillance systemscateh slowmowdg
epidemies

4)Chossbohde sphead deroonds globol

Cooper uith WH EA0
s) Thabaof fhontbe wakexs
a) Chemical Disaste · Contact Admin · ’lauseS
gases &
’ Def" Explasion, leakage of poisonous
theik miuhg' in the atroosphese thesea
DEhe, exasíon, toxic helease,
poisonhg
eg- Bhopo Gas Thagedy ) Hardwohe failone ’ laye scale
safer factouy layat toxjc sp/Us
less touc abstihtes 3) Techcal errONSdesalws
’ Pheveuton Mihgato heduce chemical inven, neatgue
) Iohenertly Sofer Design safet
Lfeuycle mgd
uhne gnoreds
PhOcess Safety &Auds Lhaty checks SProcedural
s) Notal Caloumhes lapsSes
3) Ernengency phepaNedness - detaled e,keheaused
eny ejgency plans Leg- Ohissa cydone j44)
Cammity authenty ) Tesohjst Attacks sabatoge
4) Safe Thonspot e Waste headiess
Dispascd' *Rguthy haumesa
s) Land Use Plannbg Pusic AhwoNeness Gfacoes At, Iq48 LEPA,I984
enfokee no- toals xone Eplosives Ad, BBy 4Insechude
Gphevent hesideta enchoachmet 4 peholeum At 134 Aet, l962
"facje At 987 Argendgent
29 phccesses bazahdous
Mandady emergey plas
fsafeypalices
aNuceanDlsaste bedlthcenthes
A udear attack oh lage-scale L expasUhe imts
hadioachive helease (e- Chunoby )
causes na ss casualhes &ujdesphead
desthuthon
Destyo flas oh equipment faiuse
’causes ) Hunan h o oh opehot mistakes
3) Nathal Disastes -’ eg.-fukush ina, o)
c) Loss 4) Sabotage o TeOs
f powea) Wan Gq- Hihoshina ,Nogosaki tnult-aye safety baues
-safe desu
) Defence-h-depth 4 hobust deigue
’ Pheventio0 Adesign quaity hecks
) Chihcality tharspoxt saferysehe, tested contahgs
) Secuhity aguhst sobotage 4 teonkeehysical phatechongtems
SUvelance
49 Sihid Lifceyle safety phieciples
ALA RA

Defence- h-depth safety funchons double c o o t a b t

1) supphessibn
accidut r9anagersentapcon
) Engheered safety emeasukes Giolog alshiels acidest-speufe EOPs
3) Built- h tnthgaon saf nteateks
Ssofe auclit &paotocals
4) tmengency phepanedness - DAE has 24r? emegeney
system
cDmmucahon
>hes .anthhopagent
disaste.
· Contact Admin · >Examples
) WldAhes 2O19-20 Ahustalia
’DeM:stemmha fhorg huhsan-inducel laush ibes
gnihoo soUhces electu'cal faut 2) Uhbowhesidenhial 2 Mundha
}laromable fises fhe
hdusthiclstorage tailuses 3)Iodusthial 2020 Vishakhapotnam
rnalfunchions fines LG Polymes
Pepakedess 4) Cooch hg Ceute fhes
lech e fhe
natonnde
9 Regula fihe dlls eg NDMA,
mock dls Ga09 SUsot
4) Rhe safey qudit,bulldings 5)ThanspaN. hekbted fhes
faces GJ013 thain fihe
coachhg centhes Neloe distt.
3) Thah loca fhe selvices (T)
voluoteers modein euproent
4) Upelated Onste e heseue technques -MBgahon,
offsite Eneygency Plans fhe ecthguushexs
NInst automoht fhe supptess ion
hydhaushes sysfems, fhe adarns, heat bmoke
) tock Chitical eqiprneut detecons
Srnoke deteos Eofonce Ncctal Gutlding Code
ay
)AIE IsT-based heal-tme fhe detechioo 3) Checte bufter 20nes
a) Ihteghate fihe isk assessnents bto uban 4) Clean access fon fheenges
planng 4 infha devt c) Rehofit old chfha-plame
hetardeut
) ^ Penalhes fo
víolahons of fihe sofety colms <) Sthengthen mteils
) Launch notal capacity bullding PAoghans SUAVelaoce
CCTV
dAone monitng
s) Coohd NDMA,SDRE, muniupal bodies hemote sens as

Uncontholled fihe "IsfR,2023 ’ 36'/. counthy's fohest

’DefM cover phone to
Hhat bUhns ih wildufe fhequent foest
vegetatho, often Uhal aueas forest cou fhes
G. higtly fhone
phone to Fhe to fihe
’ Causes ahesdue buAning
discaxded yaaettes
) tuman- bduced ynhon wundttended carspibes
2) DAy Weather irnate Change pholonged [Link]
lbwhtdity
) flammable Vegetahion dy leaves
4) Accumulated ohest Debis dead wood
s) Inadeuate fohest Mgt ltd fhebteals
locu o contholed
buAng
-fohest Ahes Mibhahbg thahba
1) Corormunity-centhcschemesauanehess s) Joteghated Response
Cheathb finelnes fosest deptts
a) EJSs foreGasthhg nodels bosed onCHhPe t local boces
past fhe poteans disaster gt arue
3) Real-Thoe he Aletsquick nafcohon
4) Buhnt Abea MaPpba hegula ossessment of
afeted zores
G)Staropede · Contact Admin · IPL
uge of thdividuals o a Chouud -CA:) Stomped edung Rc8
Def,
o hesponse to apecelved daunger celebhations’ Bengaly
oh lass of physicad epace ) hurnbh Mela stuypede
(202)
leads disohdey rmout of the chowd 3) Aew Dehi Railway
to hesults th ihaional 4dangeous Stahoo stampede
hjuNes roout -fon self-phote cho ,seliglous stes 4) Sotsang Hathas (up)
gothenhgsestiyals S) foatbal stadu24)
fodUtes ploces ef roass
Gerteent ’ Causes stompede Jhdonesla
’ Charaterishcs thgeaed by,: sthuc¶al fole
C2022)
1) Sthuchuhal
Voloerasle fatalihes hadeguate exits - ihadequate tempohauy
Jhou ps d/to wmphessive aspbyohon sthuctues
-NahoH accessfexit ponts
childhen, - Lack ef ermengency ertts
eldely -overchOwded stes
" India 3000 deaths dto stampedes’200l-2022. -Budden suhges d (to
excterefear
lobal ’ J0000 deoths dlto stepedes ’980-4042 -RunoUNS
mass mot
’ Prevention &Migatioo venue -iopulsive
Assessmet capauy s) Secuhit gt
1) Advonce planni ernty! eut - poðh AoNd gu
-uothauhed personnel
) Choud ngntseghegaho'aies
pAopel sgnage - Lach of suAveillane
ea-ttoe
2) Deployerlent of thabed peaSonned
CmeNency Uveillance channels
Dhones tcommuoicahon - Iheffechve coerd
4) Tech useccTV Systems unong catheties
Chod
saftwe
moddlirg 4 Poliey fhamewok C
NDMAudelibes
ntegted apphoqh
s) Cornrmuoty auareness

’Way fohwand Accodtablty

) Advanced heal-hhoe Choc montogSdne
buldg codes
2) Sthid chowd capauty lhoits
o) Pre-eet safety audits
cohel plas
4) Cleas, venye-specihc evawahon Chowd
secuernegency
S Regula thaning &dills n þersonnel
howd safety
e) Public Qwreness cam pougns hespensible behNioUN
) tstablish legol accountability +sthgent penalh'es
8) Muti-qgency CoodPole
Gtocal auth ohthies
ewet ogounizes
3) Uhlse techoalegy tay JCNnhg corOmunicaton
10) (amnunity poutip ochon make sofety asholed
hesporsbility
* Starmpedes ahe not roehe accidents but pheventable thagedes
 Dam ailhe · Contact Admin · huaperiyad Daum
Risk (QoI8 Kenala Flaody
’DefM:Scause of das
Collapsesevere downsthecum Machhu toum bisater
devastahiooloss of Ufe Tetondam (1992000+deaths
Heconomc setback foilwe (uSA) hMONbiGy)
Lenmtal deghadation I996

’CauseS Nse of floodwatas sihnadequate spilluay

e- Machchu Dam CI979)
wealklunstable found
foundahoo Defet & Geoloatal asues Gslope hstabiliy
eA-Teon Daum 196)
3)Piphg Seepage eg - Teton Damc19c)
»misrngt of gates
4)Openatal fallunes &thunan tnhohdelaed nesponse to uounhgs
ef- Sonpuh daum fallune lack of hegula thspechos
(Si Lanka, Q011)
s) Sthucnal fallUNes low-quaty
poah desigo mateuals
e -TNUe Dam
(2013) anehoa
destA uchon
Natua Cousee
s))Natal
Aeathguakes
CauseslandS Udes Sobatage<Delibeaate Dama°teuohisn
Dam btense stolms
ef-koyna Da flash floods
Ci962) Uvelihoodsdhounhg 4+Legal Poley faroeoak
Lass of ves
>Impad Douage to infhoa <b
hoacs, halways 1) Dan Safety At,2021
T3) Agtal Losses Natnal Dan Satety
easion
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