MODULE FIVE

LIFE SKILLS

Session Eighteen: Public Relations

10.1 Introduction
In this lesson, you will describe three important life skills that are of crucial importance in an
organization. These are: Public relation Skills, Communication Skills , and skills of Personal
Branding. The focus of this lesson is to inculcate and develop these skills so as to become a
transformational leader in your society.

10.2 Lesson Learning Outcomes

By the end of this lesson, you will be able to:
10.2.1 Explain the importance of good public relations
10.2.2 Discuss the role of communication skills in the workplace
10.2.3 Discuss the role of personal branding for a business

10.2.1. PUBLIC RELATIONS

INTRODUCTION AND DEFINITION

In this lesson, we shall discuss the concept of Public relations (PR). I am sure you have had of
organizations who have a particular on PR, or even the politicians will have a full secretariat on
PR. The Institute of public Relations defines Public Relations as the planned and sustained effort
to establish and maintain goodwill and mutual understanding between an organization and its
public. The purpose is to establish and maintain mutual understanding in such a way that the
organization is well understood by its public. Public Relations is more than just conducting
relationships and managing reputation. It involves communication, that is the art of presenting
an organizations views and interests in as a favorable a light as possible.

It is also about persuasion, persuading customers or users of a product/service to make choices

and once they decide, they are made to understand that they have made the best choice. Lastly, it
is good to note that PR deals with the management of the relationships that an organization has
with various publics on whom its success or failure depends.

PUBLIC RELATIONS

1
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Lesson Learning Outcomes.
By the end of this lesson you, the learner, will be able to:

1. Define and explain the term Public Relations.

2. Discuss the various types of Publics a person deals with in an organization.
3. Develop an attitude that is accommodative
4. Apply the things that support good public relations.

1.3. PUBLICS

Publics in PR are those groups of people, internally and externally with whom an organization
communicates. That is, any group that has an actual or potential interest in an organization’s
ability to achieve its objectives. Each public will have a different communication requirement
although the information given to each must not conflict.

In PR, Publics are not static groups that exist all the time; rather they are created by specific
situations and problems. It is important to note that PR is never directed to the general public but
at specific groups in explicit and different ways.

1.4. CATEGORIES OF PUBLICS

There are four categories of publics,

1. Non- publics – These are groups of people who will not be interested in or affected by your
organization. It is good to recognize this to avoid waste of time on them.
2. Latent publics – These are the groups that face a problem as a result of an organization’s
actions without really knowing it.
3. Aware publics – These are the groups that recognize that a problem exists. They normally
have been made aware through reading a story in the newspapers.
4. Active public – These are groups that do something about a problem

Other broad publics include: The community (local Publics); Potential employees; Suppliers;
Distributors; Consumers; opinion leaders; and Media.

Numbering, pacing and sequencing 1.2.1

Title The concept of Public relations
Purpose The purpose of this e-tivity is to enable you, the
learner, understand the concept of Public
Relations and why it is an important aspect for
any successful leader.

2
 Brief summary of overall task Watch this Video by Jonathan Hirshon
talking about PR in the Tech Industry.

Spark

Individual task 1. How would you define PR?

2. What are the main aspects any good PR
should factor on?
Interaction begins 1. Post your definitions to the discussion
forum.
2. Share your responses on the key aspects
of a good PR.
Do this on the discussion 1.2.1
E-moderator interventions 1. Ensure the learners are focused on the

contents and context of discussion.

2. Stimulate further learning and generation of

new ideas.

3. Provide feedback on the learning progress.

4. Close the e-tivity.

Schedule and time 2 hours

Next Human relations: Interpersonal relations

INTERPERSONAL RELATIONS

Introduction

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After our discussion on PR, you have realized how essential it is to establish a good relationship
with others, whether as an organization or as a leader. This is because PR is what will provide
you more visibility and opportunities.

Understanding human relations is therefore important because it makes it easier for us to get
along and to humanly relate. This becomes possible when people accept others as they are and
they are in turn accepted leading to a positive stable relationship. People decide to relate either
voluntarily by association or deliberately.

1.2 Lesson Learning Outcomes

By the end of this lesson you, the learner, will be able to:

1. Explain the concept of interpersonal relations

2. Differentiate between Public Relation and Human Relations.

1.3. Understanding Human Relations

A Psychologist called Carl Jung divided human beings into two groups: the introverts and
extroverts. The introverts were further divided into two more groups namely, phlegmatic and
melancholic, who are supposed to be conservative, quiet and reserved.

The extroverts were also divided into two groups further namely, sanguine and choleric who are
more outgoing. These groups of people will behave differently but are supposed to complement
each other so that their strengths are used to the maximum and their weaknesses are covered and
work becomes enjoyable and efficiency is achieved.

1.4. Errors to Avoid In Interpersonal Relations:

Some of the errors we should avoid in interpersonal relationships include but not limited to the
following:

 Halo error-package – glory around idolized persons.

 Stereotyping – unduly fixed mental impressions
 Prejudices – preconceived opinions and bias.
 Logical error
 Job error/status.
 Regency – from recent = not long established
 Naïve paternalism – innocent, unaffected, unconsciously and amusingly simple, thereby
limiting the freedom of the subject.
 Gender
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 Culture

1.5. How to Win Others

One of the critical skills in the development of interpersonal skills is understanding how not to
cause animosity or conflict with others. The following are some of the skills you need to practice
so that you can grow healthy relationships with others.

 Fighting back especially in an argument is not acceptable

 Accept criticism – its proof you are growing.
 Ignore all the pettiness of people
 Revenge puts you at par with your friend but forgiveness puts you above him/her.
 Know everyone by name and personalize relationships.
 Be a comfortable person to work with.
 Be easy not tense with people
 Don’t be know it all person
 Be interesting not boring
 Know yourself fully before relating with others
 Apply Christian Virtues
 Practice liking people
 Congratulate achievement and share people’s sorrow.

1.6. Factors Influencing Interpersonal Relationships

The following are some of the factors that influence interpersonal relationships:

1. Effective Communication: The receiver and the sender of any message must be able
to understand one another effectively. The sender must encode the message and the
receiver has to decode the same message the sender intended it to be.
2. Organizing Skills: Well organized such that the office routines are reliable and
produce effective results at all times.
3. Discretion initiative: Capable of working in one’s own initiative and using discretion
without having to wait for instructions from seniors.
4. Tact and Diplomacy: Tact, Confidentiality and diplomacy in handling all types of
workers and visitors.
5. Punctuality: Particularly to the submission of works, attendance at meetings
6. Loyalty and commitment to the job essential qualities in establishing the ideal
relationship with employers
7. Personality:
- Pleasant and approachable manner in dealing with situations

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 - Be able to identify situations and acting skillfully, think quickly as situations
demand and make decisions.
8. Courtesy: A courteous and sympathetic manner gathers approved and cooperation of
all
9. Adaptability and Willingness:
- A willingness to be helpful at all times and especially in times of stress and
need.
- Adaptable to change concerning the nature of work
10. Anticipation
- The ability to anticipate the needs of the organizations and especially so with
one immediate supervisor
- Impartiality
- Must be able to treat all subordinates impartially to win their respect and
confidence

When it comes to the work place, the following are some of the attributes which are critical
in work productivity:

1. Technical Attributes
- Technical knowledge
- Wide technical knowledge of company’s products with specialist
knowledge
2. Quality of work
- Always careful in carrying out duties and responsibilities.
- Avoid mistakes at all costs
3. Diligence
- Always working hard
- Always committed to accomplishing tasks and assignments on time
4. Cost Consciousness
- Always cutting down on cost of production resources
- Appreciate fully the importance of cost controls
5. Methodical
- Being methodical in the approach to any office task.
- An orderly brain helps one in solving business problems
- Helps in organizing and the work of the subordinates in a systematic way.

6. Self-Discipline
- As well – balanced attitude towards work and leisure
- Able to concentrate on tasks

E-tivity on Interpersonal relations

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 Numbering, pacing and sequencing 1.2.1
Title Interpersonal Relations
Purpose The purpose of this e-tivity is to enable you, the
learner, understand the concept of interpersonal
relations because this forms the social relation
foundation for any good leader.
Brief summary of overall task Watch this Video by Celine Fitzgerald on
Interpersonal relationships especially critical to this
digital age.

Spark

Individual task - Why is IR important for leaders?

- What are the main aspects any good IR
should factor on?
Interaction begins - Post your definitions to the discussion
forum.
- Share your responses on the key aspects
of a good IR.
- Do this on the discussion 1.2.1
E-moderator interventions - Ensure the learners are focused on the

contents and context of discussion.

- Stimulate further learning and

generation of new ideas.

- Provide feedback on the learning

progress.

- Close the e-tivity.

Schedule and time 2hours

Next

1.7. Assessment Questions

1. Critically discuss the value of publics in public relations.

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 2. Identify and discuss the four categories of publics.
3. Which are the various dimensions of personality which are important for leaders to
appreciate?
4. Which four obvious errors do people make in interpersonal relations?
5. Discuss any focus factors influencing interpersonal relationships.

1.8. References

Fitzgerald, C. (2015) Interpersonal Communication in the future world. Retrieved at:

[Link] TEDxCarletonUniversity
Hirshon, Jonathan (2017). Don’t Exxagerate. Don’t Bullshit. Do not Lie. Retrieved at:
[Link] SLUSH
Heath, R., Coombs, T. (2006). Todays Public Relations: An introduction. Retrieved at:
[Link]
ceM4C&oi=fnd&pg=PP1&dq=public+relations&ots=6XI59odgA5&sig=YNdSDSJ_STdr-
RclsiyHK50CLT0&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=public%20relations&f=false
Bambacas, M. & Patrickson, M. (2008). Interpersonal Communication Skills that enhance original
commitment. Retrieved at: [Link]
full/pdf

Lesson 18: Communication Skills

10.2.2 Communication Skills at the Workplace

Communication skills are skills that are needed to use language (spoken, written, sign) or
otherwise communicated to interact with others. Good communication skills involve:
 The ability to speak in public
 To make presentations
 To write letters, reports, memos, etc
 To chair meetings e.g. board, committee meetings.
 To conduct negotiations, etc.

There are two main types of communication skills: Verbal and non-verbal cues of
communication. Verbal communication involves all forms of writing and spoken language. Non-
verbal communication involves “Oral and nonoral messages expressed by other than
linguistic means.” There are seven types of non-verbal communication. These are:
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 1. Proxemics
2. Haptics
3. Chronemics
4. Kinesics
5. Artifacts
6. Vocalics or Paralanguage
7. Environment

A transformative leader needs to develop skills of these non-verbal cues of communication.

Good communication skills also entail having emotional intelligence.
This is; a."...the ability to understand your emotions and those of other people and to behave
appropriately in different situations" (Oxford Advanced Learners Dictionary)

b. "...the capacity to be aware of, control, and express one's emotions, and to handle
interpersonal relationships judiciously and empathetically (Oxford Dictionary).

There is perhaps no known causative connection between someones Intelligent Quotient ( IQ )

and Emotional Intelligence( EI). EI falls under two main categories of competencies: personal
competence and social competence.

As a leader, one should ensure that they communicate effectively by overcoming any barriers of
communication. These barriers are also regarded as noise and they include the following:

1) Physical or external barriers.

2) Physiological.
3) Psychological.
4) Semantic (Connotative).
5) Stored experience.

E-tivity -10.2.2 Communication Skills at the Workplace.

Numbering, pacing and 10.2.2

sequencing

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Title Communication Skills at the Workplace

Purpose The purpose of this e-tivity is to enable you to apply good

communication skills at the workplace.

Brief summary of overall Watch this video on the distinction between verbal and non-
task verbal communication
Watch this video and make notes on different barriers of
communication

Spark

Individual task a) Describe any five non-verbal cues of

communication. Use examples.
b) Point out ways of removing barriers of
communication in an organization

Interaction begins 1. 1. Post a summary of the non-verbal cues of

communication
2. Provide positive and constructive feedback to
responses from other students in Forum 1.2.2 in
here.
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 E-moderator 1. Ensure that learners are focused on the contents and
interventions context of discussion.
2. Stimulate further learning and generation of new
ideas.
3. Provide feedback on the learning progress.
4. Closing the e-tivity.

Schedule and time This task should take three hours.

Next Personal Branding.

10.3 Assessment Questions

1. Explain the different types of barriers of communication’ (20 Marks)

10.4 E-References
1. Oxford Dictionaries. (2015). Emotional intelligence.
[Link]

2. Psychology Today. (2015). Emotional intelligence.

[Link]

3. U.S Department of Labor's ODEP. (nd). Skills to pay the bills: Mastering soft skills for
workplace success. [Link]

4.. Susan Caldwell (2013) Verbal versus Non-verbal Communication

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From: [Link]

4. Teaching English (2020) What are the barriers to communication? | Oral

Communication in Context-SHS
Retrieved From:
[Link]

Lesson 19: Personal Branding

Definitions and concepts in personal branding

1.1 Introduction.
In this lesson we will delve into a major domain in life skills known as personal branding.
Personal branding can be defined as the practice of people marketing themselves and their
careers as brands. It is essentially the ongoing process of establishing a prescribed image or
impression in the mind of others about an individual, group, or organization. A personal brand
can be what you are known for and how people experience you; your brand is your reputation,
either in person, on paper and online.

In this and the next lesson, to help you the learner better understand the concept of personal
branding, we will seek to familiarize ourselves with three key activities closely related to
personal branding. These are, C.V writing, Cover letter writing and job interview skills.

1.2 Lesson Learning Outcomes.

By the end of this lesson you, the learner, will be able to:

1.2.1 Define Personal Branding.

1.2.2 Design a good Curriculum Vitae.
1.3 Write an effective cover letter.

1.2.1 The concept of personal branding.

In today’s marketplace, it’s tough to stand out. Good grades and lots of extra-curricular activities
won’t guarantee that you’ll land the job of your dreams, or that you’ll even land an interview.
There are many qualified candidates out there. The secret to standing out is to impress recruiters
with the unique and authentic you in person, on paper, and online.
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Your personal brand matters. Your brand is your reputation. It’s your calling card. It’s what you
are known for and how people experience you. It’s about bringing who you are to what you do
and how you do it. Delivering your brand clearly and consistently will create a memorable
experience in the minds of those you interact with and can open doors to new opportunities. As a
job seeker, the competition to get jobs is intimidating; thousands of graduates are awarded
bachelors or master’s degrees every year and they enter the job market. How you brand yourself
as expressed in your resume/Curriculum Vitae (CV) determines whether you get that job
opportunity or you miss out. To enhance your personal brand, it is important to know how to
write effective CV’s, cover letters and how to prepare for successful employment interviews.

1.2.2 Writing an effective Curriculum Vitae (CV).

A curriculum vitae is a written summary of personal, educational, working experience and
qualifications intended to demonstrate an applicant’s fitness for a particular position.
They are an opportunity to show an employer why you are an ideal candidate for the job.
A good CV will:
Stand out from the crowd.
Draw attention to your relevant skills, experience, achievements and potential.
Create an impression on the employer, such that they will not turn you down for the
interview.
There is no single way to write a CV. It is your document, and can be structured and
presented as you wish within a basic framework.
The important thing to remember is that this is the first impression an employer will have of
you. It is your marketing brochure through which you are trying to sell yourself.

[Link] Importance of a good Curriculum Vitae.

CV provides serious intent to seek work and a willingness to do a little bit extra,
both of which are desirable characteristics in an employee.
Its major purpose is to obtain a job interview in the first place.
Because a CV is a personal advertisement that creates a first impression for the
client, it is important enough to spend time creating it.
When writing a CV it is important to attend not only to the content i.e. your
qualifications and experiences but also design and format.
A CV which is not pleasant to look at and easy to read is likely to receive scanty
attention from employers and therefore fail in its purpose.
[Link] Possible contents of a good Curriculum Vitae.
A good CV should have the following main content areas.
Personal Details.
Personal profile/Career objective or ……….
Other headings….. Summary, achievements …..
Education and qualifications.
Work experience.
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 Skills profile.
Interest/ extra-curricular activities.
References.

[Link] Structure of a Curriculum Vitae.

a) Personal Detail
Name.
Address.
Telephone number.
Email.
Nationality.( Optional)
Date of Birth.( Optional)
Gender.( Optional)
Photograph. ( Optional)
b) Personal profile
Optional.
Might also be called ‘career objective’ or ‘summary’.
Purpose is to highlight key points that you want an employer to know about you(eg,
skills, experience and career objective.
Less is more. One to three sentences, with a maximum of four.
Strong, positive language.
Avoid a list of superlatives.
c) Education
Should be in reverse chronological order i.e. most recent first.
For oversees qualifications, show the name of the qualification and indicate a Kenyan
equivalence.
Get school names correct.
d) Work experience
Include fulltime, part time and voluntary work and work placements.
Generally list in reverse chronological order (most recent first).
Show dates you were there and your job title.
Show the employer organization name, broad location and if helpful, the nature of their
business.
Avoid giving a list of mundane duties e.g. tidying floor, photocopying. Focus on the
skills you used and your achievements.
Use positive language.
If you have had several similar jobs, you can group this together to avoid repetition of
duties.
Consider using bullet points rather than lengthy paragraphs.
e) Skills profile
Include skills which are relevant and of interest to the job/employer/sector.
Always provide evidence for skills.
Make links between your skills and the job- show how you are a good match with the job
requirements.

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 You can identify relevant skills through the job description, the person specification, the job
advert, the organizations website, occupational research and sector research.
f) Interests and achievements
Optional. Don’t include this section on your CV for the sake of it. Think about what the
information adds to your CV. What are you trying to get across? How will it help to
persuade the employer to interview me?
Avoid using the heading ‘hobbies’.
Avoid a simple list.
Only include things which you are happy to be questions about in an interview.
Convey your skills, attributes and/or personal development.
g) References
They are often used in the final stages of the selection.
Provide the contact details of your references. ( name, address, job title, telephone no.
mail address) Rather than a standard reference letter.
It is usual to provide two referees- one academic and the other preferably work related.
Out of courtesy, always check with the referees first.
If you prefer not to include details on your CV, you can say ‘References available on
request’.

[Link] Common Curriculum Vitae mistakes

Using non-standard paper. A4 is appropriate.
Sending the CV folded not flat.
Printing double sided.
Omitting key information.
Burying accomplishments in long paragraphs.
Not customizing to the job applied for.
Printing in colored ink.
Using glossy paper.
Using non-professional email address.

E-tivity 1.2.1- The concept of personal branding

Numbering, pacing and sequencing 1.2.1

Title The concept of personal branding.
Purpose The purpose of this e-tivity is to enable you, the
learner, understand the concept of personal
branding from a life skills point of view and
learn how to prepare an effective curriculum
vitae.
Brief summary of overall task 1. Watch videos one, two, three and four to
better understand the concept of personal
branding and sharpen your Curriculum
Vitae writing skills.
2. Use links one and two to view sample
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 Curriculum Vitaes’.
Spark

Individual task 3. What are the do’s and don’ts in the making
of an effective Curriculum Vitae?
4. Prepare a CV for your dream job in your
area of specialization.
Interaction begins 3. Post your opinions on how long a good
Curriculum Vitae should be, giving
reasons.
4. Provide positive and constructive
feedback on the learners ‘views and
ideas’. Do this on the discussion 1.2.1
E-moderator interventions 1. Ensure the learners are focused on the

contents and context of discussion.

2. Stimulate further learning and generation of

new ideas.

3. Provide feedback on the learning progress.

4. Close the e-tivity.

Schedule and time

Next Writing an effective cover letter.

1.3 Writing an effective Cover Letter

A cover letter is a self-marketing device that gives the employer a 1st impression of the job
seekers and usually accompanies a CV.

It highlights a few specific points in the job seekers experience and skills that march or
exceed the requirements of the job.

16
 Its purpose is to entice the employer to read your CV. Each cover letter should be
individually tailored to the particular situation and should be addressed to a particular
officer.
It should be brief and to the point.
It should not go beyond one page.

The cover letter highlights your key skills and suitability for the job clearly, concisely and
positively. It is targeted at the job/sector you are applying for and complements and develops the
information in the CV rather than duplicating it.

1.3.1 Types of Cover Letters.

a. Responsive applications i.e applying for a specific vacancy.

This type of cover letter gives the reasons why you are writing.
Gives the reasons why you want to work for the organization.
Highlights your motivation for wanting the job.
Illustrates your understanding of the job roles.
Provides evidence of your relevant skills/experience.

b. Speculative applications.

This type of cover letters on the other hand state why you are writing.
Are clear as to what you are asking for.
Need to be very convincing- convey a genuine interest in that organization
and sector.
Makes links between your skills/experience and the
job/sector/organization.

1.3.2 Parts of a Cover Letter.

There are three main parts in a cover letter. These are;

• Opening
• Middle and
• Closing paragraphs.

Opening paragraphs.

The information to be put on these paragraphs depends on whether it is a responsive

or speculative cover letter. For responsive letters, name the specific job vacancy and
where advertised. In case of speculative letters, state the broad type of work you are
interested in, on what basis (e.g. work placement, full time) and when you are
available.

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 Middle paragraphs.

Include details on why you prefer to be employed in that organization and why that
job\industry? Justify why you think you are the most qualifies candidate for the job.
Why should they hire you? What key strengths/skills can you offer? Support you
statements/assertions with evidence.

Closing paragraph.

Always remember to have a polite ending by conveying interest and enthusiasm in

the role. Indicate any times available/not available for the interview. For speculative
approaches, say that you will follow up your letter with a telephone call within a
certain period e.g. within a week.

1.3.3 Attributes of a good cover letter.

Maximum one side of A4, word processed.

Consistent font size and type (and consistent with your CV).
Send to a named person where possible.
Correct spelling and grammar.
Formal business letter layout.
E-mailing- send the letter as an attachment with your CV.

E-tivity 1.3 Writing an effective cover letter.

Numbering, pacing and sequencing 1.3

Title Writing an effective cover letter.
Purpose The purpose of this e-tivity is to enable you, the
learner, understand the importance of a cover
letter and be able to write an effective cover
letter to complement your CV.
Brief summary of overall task 1. Watch videos one, two and three to sharpen
your Cover letter writing skills.
2. Use links one and two to view sample cover
letters.

18
Spark

19
 Individual task 1. What are the do’s and don’ts in the making
of an effective cover letter?
2. What are the differences between a CV and
a Resume?
3. Prepare a cover letter to complement your
CV for your dream job in your area of
specialization.
Interaction begins 1. Post your opinions on the role played by
a cover letter, giving reasons.
2. Provide positive and constructive
feedback on the learners ‘views and
ideas’. Do this on the discussion 1.3.
E-moderator interventions 1. Ensure the learners are focused on the

contents and context of discussion.

2. Stimulate further learning and generation of

new ideas.

3. Provide feedback on the learning progress.

4. Close the e-tivity.

Schedule and time

Next Interview skills.

1.4 Assessment questions.

1. Personal branding is defined as the process by which individuals and entrepreneurs
differentiate themselves and stand out from a crowd by identifying and articulating their
unique value proposition, whether professional or personal, and then leverage it across
platforms with a consistent message and image to achieve a specified goal.
a. True b) False.

2. Which of the following is a type of a Curriculum Vitae?

a. Chronological CV.
b. Skills CV.
c. All of the above.
d. None of the above.

3. Which of the following skills is not sought by potential employers?

a. Flexibility and adaptability.
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 b. Problem solving skills.
c. Interpersonal skills.
d. None of the above.

4. Which address format is best in a cover letter?

a. Block Address Format. b. Slanted Address Format.

5. Yours Faithfully is used in the signing off section of a cover letter when
a. When you know who the letter is addressed to.
b. When you do not know who the letter is addressed to.
c. When the one addressed in the letter is a close relative or friend.
d. When the one addressed in the letter is younger than you are.

6. A good personal brand,

a. Gets you bullied.
b. Helps advance your career.
c. Helps people identify your skills.
d. Helps establish reputation and credibility.

7. A resume is longer than a curriculum vitae.

a. True b) False

8. Identification of relevant skills for a job can be identified through;

a. The job advert.
b. Sector research.
c. The organizations website.
d. All of the above.

9. Who should accompany you to an interview?

a. A friend.
b. Your mentor.
c. Nobody.
d. Your former employer.

10. A good clear picture of you is compulsory in a CV.

a. True b) False

1.5 E-References.

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 1. [Link]
personal-branding/view
2. [Link]
use/
3. [Link]
4. [Link]
[Link]%2Ftop-8-ways-to-make-your-cv-stand-out
%2F&psig=AOvVaw1uUTnqnGMOewzTr6Gp9Dkn&ust=1600672816651000&sour
ce=images&cd=vfe&ved=0CAIQjRxqFwoTCND4_qmZ9-
sCFQAAAAAdAAAAABAL
5. [Link]
6. [Link]
7. [Link]
%[Link]%2Fblog%2Fdos-and-donts-of-cover-letter-
writing
%2F&psig=AOvVaw1MRdZZgOBDsYqeIGcKZ5f3&ust=1600673513404000&sour
ce=images&cd=vfe&ved=0CAIQjRxqFwoTCIDJq96b9-
sCFQAAAAAdAAAAABAF

SUCCESSFUL INTERVIEW SKILLS.

2.1 Introduction.

In this lesson, a continuation of our very interesting and crucial study of personal branding, we
will now look at Interview skills. It is crucial to remember, that Interview skills are an important
aspect of Personal Branding just as a Curriculum Vitae and a Cover Letter are, as seen in the
previous lesson.

This lesson will help you, the learner, get acquainted with the required skills to see you ace any
interview you are called to. As such, it is expected that you, the learner, will understand and
internalize the skills learnt and the most appropriate ways to go through the interview process.

2.2 Lesson learning outcomes.

By the end of this lesson you, the learner, will be able to:

2.2.1 Understand how to prepare for successful job interviews.

2.3 Acquaint yourself with various job search skills.

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2.2.1 Concept of a Job Interview.
An interview is a meeting with an objective. The employers’ objective is to find the best person
for the job. The employer reviews the candidates experience and abilities:
Can you do the job? (Skills, abilities, qualifications).
Will you do the job? (Interest, attitude and motivation).
How will you fit into the organization? (Personality).
Your objective as the interviewee is to impress the employer and asses the position on offer. You
need to determine:
What does this position offer me?
How does it fit with my career plans?
You must therefore seek to prove that you are the most suitable candidate for this position.

2.2.2 Job Interview skills.

For better understanding of job interview skills, we will divide the interview process and the
skills required into three stages as followed:
Pre-Interview – Before the actual interview.
Interview – The actual interview.
Post- Interview- After the interview.
[Link] Pre-Interview stage.
Preparation is the key to success. The onus is therefore on you to ensure that you get everything
during the pre-interview stage in order.
The following are important points to note at this stage.
Research the potential employer and acquaint yourself with the organization.
Note the exact time of the interview and the route you will take to get to the interview,
noting down a generous estimation of the maximum time it will take to get there.
Review the job description and be able to match your experience and education with the
duties of the position.
Prepare a one to two minute script of yourself.
Make sure you have the appropriate interview attire.

 Tips regarding attire (Men).

o If possible, wear a suit to the interview.

o Belt and shoes should be the same color.
o Avoid ties with elaborate patterns or too many colors.
o A wedding ring and/or watch is generally the only jewelry that should be
worn.
o Head to toe: Hair should be well groomed and shoes should be polished.

 Tips regarding attire (Women).

o A suit or dress is preferable.

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 o Skirts should meet at the top of the knee or longer.
o The amount of jewelry should be minimized.
o Make up should be light.
o Avoid perfumes and scented powders.

[Link] Interview stage.

a) Right before the interview stage, the following should be done and noted.

Arrive to the interview ten to fifteen minutes prior to its start.

Bring along a pen and paper.
Bring along two or more copies of your resume.
Remember to bring all your relevant original certificates.

b) During the interview stage, the following are key points to note.

Walk into the office briskly and greet the interviewer by name.
Take your cue from the interviewer; if the interviewer moves to shake hands, do so, but
not unless he or she makes the first gesture wait until you are offered a chair before you
sit down.
Your hand shake should be firm and dry. Make sure your right hand is free.
From time to time look the interviewer in the eye rather than stare at the floor, at the
ceiling or in the middle distance.
Smile at appropriate times, it makes you look friendly and confident.

Make sure you are energetic and enthusiastic.

Speak and articulate your responses clearly.

c) Standard interview questions.

Would you please tell me about yourself?

What is your greatest strength?
What is your greatest weakness?
Where do you see yourself in five years?
What about this position do you find most appealing?
Why do you want to work for our company?
Why should we hire you?

It is important to also remember to also ask questions that demonstrate your knowledge of
their company.

d) Ending the interview.

Be alert to signals that the interview is almost at an end; sum up your interest briefly and
stop.
Ask when the decision will be made regarding the position and whether you might
telephone on a particular date at a certain time to enquire about the decision.
Smile, express appreciation for the interviewer’s time and leave promptly.
Be sure to thank the employer’s secretary or receptionist on the way out.
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[Link] Post Interview stage.
As soon as possible after finishing an interview, analyze what happened.
Write a brief note to the interviewer expressing appreciation for the time he or she gave
you and explaining in as few words as possible your continuing interest in the position.
Certainly if you arranged to do so, and even if you did not, telephone the interviewer a
few days later and inquire about the status of your application.

2.2.3 Dos and Don’ts during the above stages of the interview process.

Dos.
Be confident
Arrange your documents well and neatly
Listen to the questions well
Be calm
Ask questions to be repeated when not clear
Ask for time to organize your answers when necessary
Be honest and consistent in your answers
Look prepared throughout the session
Be neat and tidy
Don’ts.
Never take anyone with you to the interview.
Don’t try to be funny, and don’t chew gum or smoke even if the interviewer invites you
to.
Don’t pile your belongings on the interviewer’s desk or move the chair around when you
sit down.
Don’t say “I’ll do anything” or ask someone to employ you because you need a job.
Never make a slighting reference about a former employer, professor, acquaintance or
anyone else.
Don’t volunteer negative information about yourself.
Avoid discussing topics unrelated to the job
Avoid showing strong feelings.
Don’t argue with the interviewer

2.3 Job Searching techniques.

Activate your college network, people who were ahead of you and in the same
profession.
Register with job recruitment agencies e.g. [Link], brighter Monday, kama
kazi, [Link]
Google and research about companies for jobs.
Use social media e.g. facebook, twitter, LinkedIn to make yourself visible.
Join your alumni to connect with people of your same profession.
Create your own web page and let your friends like you and recommend you.
Have a good and well written CV.
Stay informed about the economic trends, labor market, political situation, government
policy e.g. devolved government, affirmative action.
Form youth groups to benefit from loans for business startups from government, banks
and other institutions.
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 Join your profession association e.g. ACCA

Sources of job search.

 Published sources of job search

o Newspaper adverts.
o Ad post.
o Placing work wanted adverts.
 Unpublished sources of job search
o Networking.
o Volunteering.
o Internet.
o Bureaus/ HR consultants.
o Direct marketing.
o Blind application.

E-tivity 2.2.1- Interview skills.

Numbering, pacing and sequencing 2.2.1

Title Interview skills.
Purpose • The purpose of this e-tivity is to enable
you, the learner, understand the
interview process and gain skills
necessary for a smooth interview
process.
Brief summary of overall task • Watch videos one, two, three and four to
better understand the interview process and
gain skills required during the interview
process.
• Use links one and two to sharpen your
interview skills.
Spark

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 Individual task 1. How would you prepare when called for an
interview at your preferred organization?
2. What do you think creates a bad impression
during an interview?
Interaction begins 1. Post examples of behavior-based
questions you would find in an
interview.
2. Provide positive and constructive
feedback on the learners ‘views and
ideas’. Do this on the discussion 2.2.1
E-moderator interventions 1. Ensure the learners are focused on the

contents and context of discussion.

2. Stimulate further learning and generation of

new ideas.

3. Provide feedback on the learning progress.

4. Close the e-tivity.

Schedule and time

Next

2.3 Assessment questions.

1. In an interview the level of communication used will be?

a. Making Small Talk.

b. Telling Facts.
c. Bring Completely Honest.
d. Sharing Feelings

2. An Interviewee should speak?

a. Loudly
b. Quickly
c. Slowly
d. Pointedly

3. To actively listen a person should?

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 a. Ask lots of questions
b. Lean back in their seat
c. Use you-messages
d. Make eye contact

4. After writing an E-mail the author should?

a. Proofread
b. Click send
c. Save as draft
d. Ensure it is lengthy

5. When arriving for an interview the applicant should?

a. Practice in the parking lot.

b. Have a quick smoke
c. Be walking in at the time agreed
d. Come fifteen minutes early.

6. The proper professional zone of communication is?

a. 2-3 feet away

b. 4-5 feet away
c. 6-7 feet away
d. 8-9 feet away

7. Men should wear?

a. Tie
b. Shorts
c. Tennis Shoes
d. Lots of aftershave

8. Women should ware?

a. Skirt above the knee

b. Skirt below the knee
c. Lots of jewelry
d. Plenty of perfume

9. The interviewers’ first impression will determine?

a. If they like you

b. If you are knowledgeable
c. If you can do the job
d. If you look professional

10. A person’s poor posture can make you seem?

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 a. Lazy
b. Smart
c. Capable
d. Important

2.4 E-References.

1. [Link]
questions/view
2. [Link]
3. [Link]
4. [Link]
5. [Link]
[Link]
6. [Link]
%2F2017%2F04%2F04%2Fleadership-career-advice-find-job-interview-resume-tips
%2F&psig=AOvVaw3gC7bLSh_9u1UMnD3dlTRl&ust=1600673730162000&sourc
e=images&cd=vfe&ved=0CAIQjRxqFwoTCLDNhMqc9-
sCFQAAAAAdAAAAABAD

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