Welcome to my class! Let’s learn Simple-Complex-Compound .

Lecture-1
Simple-Complex-Compound
Subject: English Paper: 2nd

Prepared by
Md. Emran Hossain
Lecturer in English
Rajuk Uttara Model College, EM-DS
 Rule: 1
Simple Complex Compound
In spite of/Despite Though/Although But/yet

• Simple: In spite of having wealth, he was not happy.

• Complex: Though he had wealth, he was not happy.
• Compound: He had wealth but he was not happy.
 Practice on Rule: 1
• 1. Though the driver did not drive so speedily, the car met an
unexpected accident.
• 2. In spite of necessary measures being taken against corruption, the
corrupted people are not alarmed yet.
• 3. The government tried to control the spreading of pandemic Corona
virus outbreak but it has not yet stopped spreading in all the regions of
Bangladesh.
• 4. Although the super cyclone Amphan hit Bangladesh directly, no
significant damage has been caused by it.
• 5. Many students took serious preparation for SSC-2020 but missed
GPA-5.00.
 Rule: 2
Simple Complex Compound
Without+V+ing If+ Negative Or

• Simple: Without studying attentively, you will fail in the

examination.
• Complex: If you do not study attentively, you will fail in the
examination.
• Compound: Study attentively or you will fail in the examination.
 Practice on Rule 2
• You cannot succeed in life without working hard.
• Bangladesh cannot develop her socio-economic condition without
receiving education.
• Students cannot improve their result without studying attentively.
• If you do not become sincere in life, you will not succeed.
• If they do not return our bag, we will not agree to their proposal.
• If you do not learn English well, you cannot communicate with the
forigners.
• Unless you respect your parents, you cannot become a good human.
 Rule: 3
Simple Complex Compound
By+V+ing If+ Affirmative and

• Simple: By studying attentively, he will get A+.

• Complex: If he studies attentively, he will get A+.
• Compound: He studies attentively and he will get A+.
 Practice on Rule-3
• We can get our expected result by working hard.
• The government can reduce Corona virus spread by ensuring lock down
properly.
• People can keep themselves safe from Corona virus by staying at home.
• You can expect good behaviour from others if you show good behaviour
to them.
• If the woman asks for help, I will send my troops with her.
• If you study seriously, you will cut a good figure in the exam.
• You can win others’ heart by showing them respect.
 Rule: 4
Simple Complex Compound
Because of Since/As/Because/Wh And
en/As soon as (therefore/hence/so)

• Simple: Because of having a mobile, he can talk to his mother.

• Complex: Since he has a mobile, he can talk to his mother.
• Compound: He has a mobile and he can talk to his mother.
 Practice of Rule:4
• We did it because we needed it very much.
• We were at a loss because we lost all our belongings.
• He did not pay because he was insolvent.
• The man could not attend the meeting as there was heavy rain.
• Our team failed to win against theirs since they outplayed us.
• People are being affected with Corona virus as they are not
maintaining social distancing.
• As Corona virus is spreading again in this winter, our government is
not opening educational institutions.
 Rule: 5
Simple Complex Compound
Adjective + N Who/which/that/whose And it/he/she/they

Examples
• Simple: He is a pious man.
• Complex: He is a man who is pious.
• Compound: He is a man and he is pious.
 Practice on Rule: 5
• It is Dhaka which is an exceedingly busy city.
• Cox’s Bazar is an awfully beautiful sea beach.
• Computer is a very helpful tool for the students.
• Microwave oven is a very handy tool for housewives.
• Covid-19 is a very deadly disease.
• We live in the zone which is marked red.
• It is a very unexpected and unprecedented disease.
Thank you for your attention.
Simple-Complex-Compound (2nd Lecture); Classes: XI-XII and HSC Exam by EMH
 Simple-Complex-Compound
Rule: 6
Simple Complex Compound
Too--------to So ---that + negative (can/could) Very-------and

• Example
• Simple: Some people are too pessimistic to have hope.
• Complex: Some people are so pessimistic that they cannot have
hope.
• Compound: Some people are very pessimistic and they cannot have
hope.
 Simple-Complex-Compound
Rule-6
• More Examples
• Simple: Covid-19 is too difficult to treat.
• Complex: Covid-19 is so difficult that it can not be treated.
• Compound: Covid-19 is very difficult and it cannot be treated.
• Simple: At time of inception, this virus was too pandemic to spare any
place.
• Complex: At time of inception, this virus was so pandemic that it could
not spare any place.
• Compound: At time of inception, this virus was very pandemic and it
could not spare any place.
 Simple-Complex-Compound
Practice on Rule: 6
• Prepositions are too difficult for me to learn.
• Corona virus is too dangerous for us to go out without mask.
• In Japan, such large companies were viewed as simply too big to
fail.
• He was too nervous to perform well on the stage.
• The task was too difficult for them to do without help.
• It was too hot to go out during the day of summer.
• The topic is too difficult for me to deal with without preparation.
 Simple-Complex-Compound::Rule: 7
Simple Complex Compound
Having + V3 After/when Past perfect+ and +past ind/ Past ind +and
+past ind

• Example
• Simple: Having eaten breakfast, he went to college.
• Complex: After he had eaten breakfast, he went to college.
• Or, When he ate breakfast, he went to college.
• Or, When he had eaten breakfast, he went to college.
• Compound: He had eaten breakfast and he went to college.
• Or, He ate breakfast and he went to college.
• Or, He had eaten breakfast and then he went to to college
 Simple-Complex-Compound
Practice on Rule-7
• Having taken breakfast, I went to school.
• Having studied all the chapters, I found the questions so easy.
• The patient died after the doctor had arrived.
• The train left the station after we had reached there.
• The man had learnt everything before he got a job.
• The man had been drunk and met an accident.
• The police had searched for the criminal a lot and then found him.
 Simple-Complex-Compound
Rule: 8
Simple Complex Compound
Besides/Both + subject Just as/while/as well Not only------but also
+ and as
• Example
• Simple: Besides using mobile, he uses computer.
• Or, He uses both mobile and computer
• Complex: He uses mobile just as he uses computer.
• Or, He who uses mobile as well as computer.
• Compound: He not only uses mobile but also uses computer.
 Simple-Complex-Compound
Practice on Rule: 8
• She knows four hundred words besides numerous proper nouns.
• I’ve got plenty of other things to do besides talking to you.
• He went to the bank besides the store, grocer and pharmacy.
• Besides working as a doctor, he also writes novels in his spare time.
• He speaks two languages besides English.
• Do you play any other sports besides basketball?
• The doctor not only practises medicine but also treats patients
sympathetically.
 Simple-Complex-Compound
Rule: 9
Simple Complex Compound
V+ing+Noun Who/Which/that/whose And it/he/she/they

• Example
• Simple: We saw a flying plane.
• Complex: We saw a plane that was flying.
• Compound: We saw a plane and it was flying.
 Simple-Complex-Compound
Practice on Rule: 9
• The old mariner saw a snake swimming round the ship.
• We saw a bird and it was flying in the sky.
• They pointed at a crocodile that was swimming round the
ship.
• Covid-19 is a disease spreading very quickly.
• Corona virus is a special type of virus attacking the lungs.
• The driver drove the car moving speedily.
• The teacher advised the students sitting for the exam.
 Simple-Complex-Compound
Rule: 10
Simple Complex Compound

After+V+ing When/After And

• Example
• Simple: After getting myself attacked with Corona virus, I took a lot of
rest.
• Complex: When I got myself attacked with Corona virus, I took a lot of
rest.
• Or, After I had got myself attacked with Corona virus, I took a lot of rest.
• Compound: I got myself attacked with Corona virus and took a lot of rest.
 Simple-Complex-Compound
Practice on Rule: 10
• I loved mathematics when I was at school
• You can call me when you've finished this project.
• His dad left him when he was very young.
• The boys will cut a good figure after they had learnt everything.
• After the girl had left the station hopelessly, the train arrived.
• The patient left the hospital after getting treatment well.
• After receiving complaints, the police arrested the local
miscreants.
Here ends the Lecture-2. Thank you for your attention.
 Simple-Complex-Compound
Rule: 11
Simple Complex Compound
Just after+V+ing As soon as And just then/And……at once/and
immediately
• Simple: Just after his arriving at the meeting, everyone gasped.
• Complex: As soon as he arrived at the meeting, everyone gasped.
• Compound: He arrived at the meeting and everyone gasped at
once.
 Simple-Complex-Compound
Practice on Rule: 11
• As soon as the boy reached class nine, he started managing the household
chores.
• As soon as Hall Mark came to profitability, the govt. announced it illegal.
• The election took place and at once the opposition party brought out a
procession.
• Just after the beginning of the meeting, the Chairman proposed not to
lengthen it.
• Just after marrying the daughter off, the father died.
• Just after the rain starting, we stopped the vehicle to take rest.
• Just after the exam being finished, we left the exam room.
 Simple-Complex-Compound
Rule: 12
Simple Complex Compound
To+Verb So that+....can/could Want(ed)
In order to+ Verb to……..and(so/….)
With a view to+V+ing

• Simple: He went to BCS Computer City to buy a laptop.

• Complex: He went to BCS Computer City so that he could buy a laptop.
• Compound: He wanted to buy a laptop and (so) he went to BCS
Computer City.
• Alternative: He went to BCS Computer City and could buy a laptop.
 Simple-Complex-Compound
Practice on Rule: 12
• We decided to talk to the president of the organization.
• Students these days want to shine in a short cut way.
• All employees of this office planned to give the boss a wonderful surprize.
• We use mobile phones to make rapid communications to our near and
dear ones.
• The new students had to meet the VP sir to know the rules and
regulations.
• The patient was taken to hospital so that the doctors could treat him well.
• The student memorized the paragraph so that he could get better marks in
the exam.
 Simple-Complex-Compound
Rule: 13
Simple Complex Compound
Just after+Verb+ing No sooner had........than And just then/……..at once
Hardly had..before/when
Just before+Verb+ing Scarcely had..before/when

• Simple: Just after having been shot, the bird flew away.
• Complex: No sooner had the bird been shot than it flew away.
• Compound: The bird had been shot and it flew away at once.
 Simple-Complex-Compound
Practice on Rule: 13
• Scarcely had the teacher entered the classroom when the
students stood up.
• Hardly had the game been over before the audience started
leaving the stadium.
• No sooner had the rain begun than there was a thunder strike.
• Scarcely had the man seen the police when he ran away.
• Hardly had the police shot at the enemy before they started
giving counter attack.
• The rain had been over and at once we set out.
• The exam had been finished and immediately we left the exam
hall.
 Simple-Complex-Compound
Rule: 14
Simple Complex Compound
Up to Till/Until and

• Simple: Wait here up to my coming back.

• Complex: Wait here till I come back.
• Compound: I will come back and wait here.
 Simple-Complex-Compound
Practice on Rule: 14
• I didn't think she was going to hang on till the end came.
• I waited till my college graduation ended.
• The police refused till the previous owners were tracked down.
• It's fixed up and polished till it proudly gleams again.
• you'll have to wait until April arrives.
• The students are attending online classes up to Corona
virus pandemic continuing.
• The Cricket team of our country is not improving up to
corruption in selection of players existing.
 Simple-Complex-Compound
Changing of Conditional Sentences
Zero Conditional
Example 1:
Complex: If water reaches 100 degree Celsius, it boils.
Simple: On/By reaching 100 degree Celsius, water boils.
Compound: Water reaches (may reach) 100 degree Celsius and boils.
Example 2:
Complex: If you do not freeze water, it remains liquid.
Simple: Without (your) freezing water, it remains liquid.
Compound: Freeze water, or it remains liquid.
 Practice
1. If you multiply five by six, the product is 30.
2. If the sun rises, darkness disappears.
3. If you obey the laws, you become a good citizen.
4. If you do not work hard, you never succeed.
5. If you do not become honest, you are a hatable person.
 Simple-Complex-Compound
Changing of Conditional Sentences
1st Conditional
Example 1:
Complex: If you take rest, you will feel better.
Simple: On/By taking rest, you will feel better.
Compound: Take rest and you will feel better.
Example 2:
Complex: If you do not give me the money, I will complain to the police.
Simple: Without your giving me the money, I will complain to the police.
Compound: Give me the money, or I will complain to the police.
 Practice
1. If you learn English well, you can communicate with the
foreigners.
2. If you lend me some money, I’ll buy some books for myself.
3. If you do not speak the truth, people will not honour you.
4. If the teacher does not give punishment to the late comers, they
will never be punctual.
5. If the police do not arrest the criminals, people will not find peace
for fear of the criminals.
 Simple-Complex-Compound
Changing of Conditional Sentences
2nd Conditional
Example 1:
Complex: If you took rest, you would feel better.
Simple: On/By taking rest, you would feel better.
Compound: You could/would take rest and feel better.
Example 2:
Complex: If you did not give me the money, I would complain to the police.
Simple: Without your giving me the money, I would complain to the police.
Compound: You would/could give me the money, or I would complain to the
police.
Alternative: You gave me the money, or I would complain to the police.
 Practice
1. If I knew the HW, I would do it at home.
2. If my mother were alive, I could serve her dearly.
3. If they did not borrow money from us, they could not arrange the
program.
4. If you came yesterday, you might learn the previous rule.
5. If I did not become serious, I could fail in the exam.
 Simple-Complex-Compound
Changing of Conditional Sentences
3rd Conditional
Example 1:
Complex: If you had taken rest, you would have felt better.
Simple: On/By having taken rest, you would have felt better.
Compound: You could/would have taken rest and felt better.
Example 2:
Complex: If you had not given me the money, I would have complained to the police.
Simple: Without your having given me the money, I would have complained to the
police.
Compound: You had given me the money, or I would have complained to the police.
Alternative: You would/could have given me the money, or I would have complained to
the police.
 Practice
1. If you had seen the ghost, you would have been scared.
2. If I had not been careful, I could have been kidnapped.
3. If you had not bought the gift, You would not have been able to
surprise me.
4. If the teacher had not taught this lesson, we would have failed in
the exam.
5. If you had visited the USA, you might have seen the Statue of
Liberty.
 Supplement 1
• the place of-----where-----and
• Example

Complex: I know where Kazi Nazrul Islam was born.

Simple: I know Kazi Nazrul Islam’s brith’s place/the place of Kazi
Nazrul Islam’s birth.
Compound: Kazi Nazrul Islam was born in a place and I know it.
 Practice on Supplement 1

• I know the place of his birth.

• I know where Kazi Nazrul Islam died.
• The office is located somewhere and I know it.
• Do you know where RUMC is located?
 Supplement 2
• the reason of------why--------and
• Example
• Complex: The Chinese know why Covid-19 broke out.
• Simple: The Chinese know the reason of Covid-19 breaking out.
• Compound: Covid-19 broke out for some reasons and the Chinese
know them.
 Practice on Supplement 2
• I know why the war broke out.
• He is absent and I know the reason.
• I have come home and he knows the reason.
• I am not sure why he failed in English.
 Supplement 3
• the way of--------how-------and
• Example
• Complex: I don’t know how Shukanto died.
• Simple: I don’t know the way of Shukanto’s death.
• Compound: Shukanto died in some ways and I don’t know them.
 Practice on Supplement 3
• I know how the thief was killed at the station.
• He did the work and I know it.
• I know the way of his going abroad.
• He told me how he lost the bag.
 Supplement 4
• the time of------when------and
• Example
• Complex: Do you know when he will go?
• Simple: Do you know the time of his going?
• Compound: He will go at a time and do you know it?
 Practice on Supplement 4
• I know the time of his arrival.
• The war broke out and I know the time.
• The teacher explained when the exam will begin.
• He ascertained us when the plane would take off.
 Supplement 5
• Adjective+enough+to--------so-that------very-and
• Example:
• Simple: The boy is strong enough to carry the load.
• Complex: The boy is so strong that he can carry the load.
• Compound: The boy is very strong and can carry the load.
 Practice on Supplement 5
• The essay is easy enough for any student to memorize
• The work is very easy and I can do it.
• The girl is so innocent that she believes anybody.
• The book is enriched enough to provide you necessary information.
 Supplement 6
• Possessive+Noun-------what-----and
• Example:
• Simple: I can understand your feeling.
• Complex: I can understand what you feel.
• Compound: You feel something and I can understand it.
 Practice on Supplement 6
• I know what he demands.
• The man knows what I believe.
• She can understand what I explain.
• The Chairman will return your properties.
 Supplement 7
• Past participle-----------who/which/that-----------and it/he/she/they
• Example
• Simple: The National Memorial situated at Savar is a symbol of
respect.
• Complex: The National Memorial which is situated at Savar is a
symbol of respect.
• Compound: The National Memorial is situated at Savar and it is a
symbol of respect.
 Practice on Supplement 7
• The table placed at the corner of the room is broken.
• The book borrowed from you has been stolen.
• The Buildings constructed by BTI are too much costly.
• The police seized the car met with an accident.
 Supplement 8
• Every+Noun----------who/which/that--------------but
• Example:
• Simple: Every mother loves her child.
• Complex: There is no mother who does not love her child.
• Compound: There is no mother but loves her child.
 Practice on Supplement 8
• Flowers are cultivated everywhere in the country.
• Everyday I am busy with my own work.
• Every driver should maintain traffic rules.
• Every student must study at least three hours a day.