HEV Level Types
•Micro HEVs have limited fuel-saving benefits from idle stop-start technology but
still save on fuel compared to their gasoline-only counterparts. These vehicles
don’t require the manufacturer to redesign the entire powertrain, so the vehicle
cost is similar to a gas-powered vehicle. These HEVs aren’t capable of
regenerative braking.
•Mild HEVs use idle stop-start technology but also can regenerate electricity when
coming to a stop. Some manufacturers may also employ engine power-assist
mode when propelling from a stop (but not at higher vehicle speeds).
•Medium HEVs employ idle start-stop, regenerative braking, and engine power-
assist at higher speeds. These vehicles, however, aren’t equipped to propel the
vehicle using only the electric motor.
•Strong or Full HEVs use hybrid vehicle functions – idle start-stop, regenerative
braking, engine power-assist, and temporary (usually around 1 mile) electric-only
operation.
•Plug-In HEVs, also referred to as PHEVs, use the same hybrid functions as
strong HEVs but have a longer electric-only range (typically between 20 and 70
miles, depending on the vehicle design and its battery). PHEVs are an advanced
hybrid-electric vehicle that plugs in to a charger to replenish the battery’s charge.
Once the PHEV’s battery is depleted, the engine assists in recharging the battery
for continued driving, which mirrors the operation of a strong HEV.
EVs & HEVs
•Regenerative braking: The electric motor in an electrified vehicle
can be used to slow the vehicle – capturing energy in the process.
This energy would otherwise be lost in the form of heat with a
mechanical (conventional) braking system. The vehicle still utilizes
conventional brakes to slow the vehicle during some braking events,
such as emergency braking or when the battery is fully charged.
•Electric-only driving: While EVs always rely on battery power,
some HEVs can also propel a vehicle using only battery power for the
range of the battery – without support from the gasoline engine.
HEVs
•Idle start-stop: When the vehicle comes to a stop, the HEV’s engine
temporarily turns off to save fuel and reduce vehicle emissions. The
engine restarts once the driver releases the brake pedal.
•Engine power assist: During higher vehicle speeds, the electric motor
can help the HEV’s engine by giving more power to propel the vehicle.
Advantages of Series Hybrid Vehicle
[Link] series hybrid is a simple system with no complexity in connection.
2.A multispeed transmission system, clutch or converters are not required since the
electric motor drives the reduction gear for movement.
[Link] works like a pure EV that runs on a battery source.
[Link] helps to reduce harmful gas emissions and promotes an eco-friendly
environment.
Disadvantages of Series Hybrid Vehicle
[Link] series hybrid vehicle propulsion is entirely dependent on the battery source.
[Link] energy conversions happening in each stage result in the overall efficiency
loss.
[Link] these propulsion devices need to be sized to sustain maximum power
requirements. In the case of long-grade ability conditions, the vehicle's performance
is poor. So a powerful motor is required in this situation, making the Series HEV
expensive.
[Link] system may require a battery and motor with a large capacity to meet its
power needs, which adds to the vehicle's weight and decreases the vehicle's overall
driving range, Thereby, making it undesirable for consumers to use.
[Link] is recommended for short trips as the corresponding IC engine set with a lower
power rating is used.
Advantages of Parallel Hybrid Vehicle
[Link] hybrids tend to use a smaller battery pack than series
drivetrains, relying on regenerative braking to keep it recharged.
2. Total efficiency is higher during cruising and long distance highway
driving.
3. Environmental friendly as compared to conventional ICE.
[Link] provides flexibility switch between ICE and Electric power .
.
Disadvantages of Parallel Hybrid Vehicle
1. Lower performance.
2. Expensive.
3. Required complicated control system.
Advantages of Series- Parallel Hybrid Vehicle
1. Engine and motor can provide power independently or in
conjunction with one another.
2. Engine can supplement the motor when additional power
is required.
Disadvantages of Series-Parallel Hybrid Vehicle
1. Requires complex programming.
2. Complicated control system.
3. Increased cost.