_# Steuctuge oF Powes sim. wes * 90/8 12026. _Intgeduction: i : : Lntgoduction Electeicity - Etectercity. Lis a Fe _Fosm_oF Eneegy thot con be téangmitted Feom one Place to andthee Conveétec| Into useful oem Such as light, head, MoHon 4 Sound. q#1P Eletke_but- Oghpup Meck Ekomples - fan 3 Mechanical _ Enea fo Hal sk a Bulb = > Ugh Eneégy | — Heotee > Heat Ene gy. l __ Motoe > Mechanic ehegg _ Ve the electey cay used Congumeg, Is geneeated at powes Stahion ond _ letive zed thensh es _hekwosk Gaulled powes _s4gkem - ee — sim is a % Inteéconnecte, Component used Foé a L=ahon | reansmigsion and Diskeibubion an ~atilizaion oF Electérco beta | Genegating | Step up Lyn Teansmiss Hest] Station || | xmeé. [Felon line| | station - . oe consumes Distéi butiol : Sim ae He oe “in genegating StaHon: 6% - Typical oe loltade Uk dD Theemaf. PoweZ | 7 BAe 2) Hydéo _ —- Plant Most oF Powel 5) Nuceag_- —-—— ___enesation 'n Enow'g 4) Sook eT ey 5} wind 1) . Bulk amount oF poses Genegatlon could) able £0 pBoduce oN Economlcaf . basis. by & eneloyiny 67 Nch Bonoug Fenegtoes » _ Genegation— Ep elec @ scanned with OKEN ScannerTEeansmission Line: Ir is A Cavrley betaeen. “the emote _ Geneaating_ station t0__Load Cente, and it is made _ by, —Goducting weenie 1 CEG AL, cu). ett Level oF voltages - > 4 Low voltage: 220v CJ phase , 2 wide ) a 4isv ( Bphase, 4 wiée) 2) High Voltag : [kv ,33ky — —— 3 Extea_High voltage : G6kv , 152 KV, 220KY. 4) | Modeén Extra High voltage / 4ooky. _ 5) viéa_High voltage _: : #65 ky + above 262) Max Ac téansmission voltage in £acld F6s ky | Mox pc téansmission voltage in Enolia 500ky | Diste/butjons ‘= powee Searches consumes theough the olistéibuHon 3)m- | Digteibution Voltage Pe magy bisteibuHon Iky _ | Secondagy visteibuHion is v f230 WA _ TYPES :~ Radlioy sim Ring Mauln sim _ Inbeg@nnedt @ scanned with OKEN Scanner} PNT AY" POM]. P 4 " ENP 1 Powed By6!em Component 3ej6(z026 unit J c -_Gingle phase. sepeesentation oF Balanced] dhace__phase —Netwoek OLD, Impedouce ano] _ Redckance —_ Diaggoun _ y Pee unit System - PO Repeesent cation oF thansFoemed Pd Impedance. oldaq: oF . Powe’ system , | SteadyState Mode] oF Synchgonag Machine, Repeesentation of tand—_clumesica| téeatmen} Expected . —t ~_Wsingle ph ‘phase Rep oF Ba Baueunced thee “Phase Al /o= - A bounced theee phage: sim haS equal Voltage ___4 cn with a phase diFE. of 20° Fog ens/ analyasi'c only one phase 1S Considley “eased the single phase ReréesentaHon, 20LD~ A ~ simplified cad. used to Bespéesent q._ a ___theee phase poweé Sim using a Single 11ne aE Et Shows the qeneéatoss jteansfoemess )téansmi- [-Slon Une 4 Loads - 7 i Emp. Mag- A diag: showing the imp CRS x) of. A] powee Siro MPponents, = Used Fo€ Fault 4 load Fiow studfes._ 7 -Reactance ciqg - A simplified impedance diag _ : oe ensidedi; Eeactance: | — Resist - fs Neglected becouse Seackuneg thas 4 qgear eFfeck i poweé gin andys/s. f Pee uni sim > Simplifies Oycwlations 4 compasis!'ay ___ of diff sin gotings Pes unit fep@sentaion of pneé=) _____ > Teonstoemeé. Pagametegs. ake convedte] Into pee unit_vouwes- i . = Eleminates the ne edl +0. £eFed_quanhHes _ Féom one side to. ahotheg£ @ scanned with OKEN Scanner+ Steady stake mode] oF 1p Ie => = Repgesent the _6Yn- Geneé unde€ N0émay ' OPeéating Cond. used +o study voltage Cn 1 Power 4. Powee Factog bebowigne: HA Rergesentapion of _ Loads ‘~ > Loads ate epeesented as Imp, UN of, — PoweE models: > Helps in load Flow + SIM peéFoern _ anauysi's: # Single — phase Repeesentalion of Balanced Theee. Phase Niw _ Fig Balanced — theee. - phase Nied- > The solution o balanced condition consideéin @ scanned with OKEN Scanneral) the thee phase hove equal osnitude. __ Cal] _théee phase voltage Cin) and 120° phas iF Fegence 2 me Eesut of - othee two phases Gun be. J __Simp ly Shitting the phase angie by pecan this will eeduces the Cow OAHON er foe}. ~Gmplexity and Analysis Hme. > Above | Hig A shows a Simple _belanced theee phase N[w> “D> The genegataes + loads Neuléalg Se ase _theeeFoge. : “ot the Same Potentials , $0 that In = 0, thus pewtéal Impedance zm does not OPfeet _nenauek. a behoviou& Fog the eFegence phase a. _ Ea = CzqtZjta. = 2 The clos and voltage in the otbeé Phase _have the Same magnitude buf age _péoqdessively shifted “in the phage by 420° H2t. Sayent OF a badanced. theee phase Netwoe&k OTSA A _ > Now ets Gnsidee the theee phase. tgansFosmer Connected in a thgee - Phase powes system DIF the téonstogmee IS connected in star -Shay Q-Y)__as shown in below: Hig 4 analysis we co not need . to __ Phases _ Sepcéately - 2 Since _sim_ is _ soe we Can a the. entire theee - phas déansFoemee bj nly one téans? @ scanned with OKEN Scanneras Shown 19 belo. —meé of a single Phas Fig. @ ecb) __ Yale (3-4 VA ama YA wm 2 4p _balanced -Y thee phase téensfoeme? the Complete thece phase $1 Con be { __€¢placed by an €quivoulent- — folent- + met Sas] __anaya’s « : Pot Ye «mee: 7 af 1 TB 2 le Z eA 8 BAy a [= R taba LP f =z (a tT. > ID 2 K cal a a E xu 5 iso. on i‘ — \ se Ta . S ¢ onl 7 ei t Nn To -- 7 oL8) +> cuivauens ) : 0. —_Piga) Yin ume? ai, FYIo xmeé. Eyuivoyent Stag connecion, @ scanned with OKEN ScannerEt . ae Side = secondady _ eke ean ____ Fgco) = b Shows 1 equivalent oF y pp oat Inen__Q_thgee phase »me& is connected in t ag - peta (N10) the delta side is disttcult _ _ &epeesent__in__a_single phase _-ckt because _ does not! have A neutéeal point - ed. “7 ovescome this Péoblem , the delta ~conn- Secondagy ig. Zeplaced bj equivalent “connected | indi ng» Duging this ~eeslor, ad rp the cauivalent fuéns”_on the deitg —AFtes the Corvesston_, the- Bepgesentec| 4% Simple _ J ulvoyent _ clécuit axing a tuéns: { oF Nr: Nola. , nis epéesentation peeseeves the voltage cin. powee EeietonshipS and rakes _Poweé Sim ounclly— iS Much easieé - : ao : > st may _be nore _heee tha Tegespect VE OF- the Hee oF Gonnech'on , the jéansfogmodion eatis of the single Phase equivalent oF 4 theee_—phag xmeé © the game os +he_line ~ to line. “feansfogmation edo \ Shows _peimaey aide stad and wa @ scanned with OKEN Scanner| The ne Une biagéam ©) 7 > single lhe diantorn ‘golly Gutlleel gy the one line diag + ‘ed - | > one line diag: is a simpliFré Cees ctation oF an erectéical powed gm that /MSes a Singic line fo illusleabe e. Connect? bet vadigug Components - — | > Powe® sim nw age &epaesented by one. Line ag using guifable symbol Fok Genedafy ——— Motos 4 teanstoemess end loads 03 Shox’ : fin below: Fig: 2 ib Tris a convenient pgactical Way of | Neboogk. gepeesentarion gathag than clectaly | the _actua] “theee phas¢ Laggan . ok déawn —— OF these elements. _ —__ at = = + eet béeakea depéesented as Rk eng ad. _, ——__ blocks =) ee een boven | "85 the simpje one I'ne. 6 Sq: of Powes sysierg ee. “| @ scanned with OKEN Scanner> Genegubog 14 4 +2anstoemee fo plag ~ € a in : feted. ace $ Advontages — 1) Siro piel 4 clagiby - z iv rt llipeesensl e Simplibred —tati'on OF _entive elects; - ; ica sim using. a Single I'ne which — Makes it C44 FO Undezstard _ 2) Visuctizati on _# Empedance pioggamss ______ 2D Impedance" dlag-' on single phase asic. __ Foé use undlee balanced _opegatin Conditions tan be eASIy lgawn Feom the one Ine diag. |__ 3 Empedente Maq- is used foe lead Plow. aietidl ests il tere eae eerie __> 49 impedance ol'ag- each Gmponenk 5. _gepéesented bi its equivalenk ah @ scanned with OKEN Scannerj akon > syn. goneeaf o& at genes ne desis 2 voltage gougce in Seu saith a anes and — €ecctounce teansFoemeé 1 ey WW equiveden Cae a4 = The lead Is assumed 40 passive 1 a Eepeesented by a éesist! J_Inductve in the seeies: ‘The impedance cliag - Cun Fuetheé be: SimpliFied by Making ceatain _assurep Hon { Eeduceol to Simplified ecoctaunce: The cbove cligg- shows the. bol anced_theee Phase oUaq- Zr ‘is aso caljed as the. Positl'y @ seq: ollag 2 In_impedanco We include the loaol bez. WE age studuing _Noemad Opeéating Cvtg, Powes Cly undele nogmal cond”) ‘ H Reactance Wag 2D_Remove Ul * the - Resistance F£om _1' mpeclay aiq- Culled qs Reackance ogg. “ T | 2 A Weg) ] Eq2 Fig Reactance ag OF one line Powed im, @ scanned with OKEN Scanner