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CLO2 Part 3 - Photogrammetry Mathematical Problems

The document presents solutions to various photogrammetry problems, including calculating the scale of photographs, determining flying heights for specific ground coverage, and estimating building heights from photographs. Key results include a scale of 1:200,000 for a space camera, a required flying height of approximately 1988 m for a 9 km² area, and building heights of about 23.8 m and 22.5 m for different scenarios. Additionally, it discusses aerial photography parameters such as exposure spacing and timing for a mapping project.

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2 views3 pages

CLO2 Part 3 - Photogrammetry Mathematical Problems

The document presents solutions to various photogrammetry problems, including calculating the scale of photographs, determining flying heights for specific ground coverage, and estimating building heights from photographs. Key results include a scale of 1:200,000 for a space camera, a required flying height of approximately 1988 m for a 9 km² area, and building heights of about 23.8 m and 22.5 m for different scenarios. Additionally, it discusses aerial photography parameters such as exposure spacing and timing for a mapping project.

Uploaded by

razaadrey
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Solutions to Photogrammetry Problems

Problem 2.1

A camera on an orbiting space platform has an altitude above the ground of 400 km.
The lens has a focal length of 2 m. After return to earth, the film is scanned such that the
square image pixel is 10 µm by 10 µm.

What is the scale of the photograph? What is the size of the pixel projected to the ground at
nadir?

Solution:

Scale = f / H

= 2 / 400,000

= 1 / 200,000.

Ground pixel size = (H / f) × pixel

= (400,000 / 2) × 10 µm = 2.0 m.

Answer: Scale = 1:200,000;

Ground pixel = 2.0 m.

Problem 2.2

For a camera with focal length 152.4 mm and the standard 23 cm format size, what height
above ground is necessary for a vertical photograph to cover an area of 9 km² (i.e., 3 km by
3 km)?

Solution:

H = (f × ground size) / format size = (0.1524 × 3000) / 0.23 = 1988 m.

Answer: Flying height ≈ 1988 m.


Problem 2.3

You wish to determine the approximate height of a building visible in a photograph.


The flying height above the base of the building is 500 m.
In the nominally vertical photograph the radial distance from the principal point to the top
of the building is 80 mm.

The relief displacement of the building is 4 mm. What is the approximate height of the
building?

Solution:

Formula: d = (h × r) / (H - h)

⇒ h = (d × H) / (r + d).

Substitute: h = (4 × 500,000) / (80 + 4) = 23.8 m.

Answer: Height of building ≈ 23.8 m.

Problem 2.4

Two overlapping vertical photographs contain the image of a church steeple.


The parallax at the top of the steeple is 100 mm. The parallax at the bottom of the steeple is
95 mm.

The flying height above the ground is 450 m. The image base (the distance between the
principal point and the transferred conjugate principal point) is 80 mm.

What is the approximate height of the steeple?

Solution:

Formula: h = (Δp × H) / p_top.

Substitute: Δp = 100 − 95 = 5 mm ⇒ h = (5 × 450) / 100 = 22.5 m.

Answer: Height of steeple ≈ 22.5 m.


Problem 2.5

Aerial photography with 60% forward overlap and 30% side overlap is needed for a
mapping project.

The focal length is 152.4 mm. The desired image scale is 1:4000.
What is the spacing between exposures along the flight line? What is the spacing between
flight lines?

If the aircraft has a ground speed of 190 km/hr, what is the time between exposures along
the flight line?

Solution:

Flying height: H = f × scale = 0.1524 × 4000 = 609.6 m.

Ground coverage (one photo): 230 mm × 4 m/mm = 920 m.

Spacing along flight line = 920 × (1 − 0.60) = 368 m.

Spacing between flight lines = 920 × (1 − 0.30) = 644 m.

Aircraft speed = 190 km/hr = 52.78 m/s ⇒ Time = 368 / 52.78 ≈ 7.0 s.

Answer: Forward spacing = 368 m; Flight-line spacing = 644 m; Time = 7 s.

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