Work Out Problems
1. Calculate the molecular masses (in amu) of the following compounds:
A. sulphur dioxide (SO2 ), a gas that is responsible for acid rain, and
B. caffeine (C8 H10N4 O2 ), a stimulant present in tea, coffee, and cola beverages.
2. How many moles of CO2 are present in 176 g of CO2 ? 18. How many grams of oxygen can be
prepared by the decomposition of 12 grams of mercury (II) oxide?
3. 125 g of NH3 is mixed with 4 moles of O2 in the given reaction: 4NH3 (g) + 5O2 (g) → 4NO(g) +
6H2 O(l)
a. Which is the limiting reactant?
b. What mass of NO is formed?
c. What mass of H2 O is formed?
4. Consider the following reaction: 2N2 O5 → 4NO2 (g) + O2 (g) When 40 g of N2 O5 decomposes,
4.5 g of O2 is formed. What is the percent yield?
5. Two compounds have the same composition: 85.62% C and 14.38% H.
a. Obtain the empirical formula corresponding to this composition.
b. One of the compounds has a molecular mass of 28.03 amu; the other, of 56.06 amu. Obtain the
molecular formulas of both compounds.
6. A borane has the empirical formula BH3 and a molecular mass of 28 amu. What is its molecular
formula?
7. The percentage composition of acetic acid is found to be 39.9% C, 6.7% H, and 53.4% O and its
molecular mass was determined by experiment to be 60 amu. Calculate the empirical and molecular
formula of acetic acid.
8. The solubility of carbon dioxide in water is 0.161 g CO2 in 100 mL of water at 20oC and 1.00 atm.
A. A soft drink is carbonated with carbon dioxide gas at 5.50 atm pressure. What is the solubility of
carbon dioxide in water at this pressure?
9. Calculate the molarity of each of the following solutions:
A. 10.5 g NaCl in 350.0 mL of solution
B. 40.7 g LiClO4 •3H2 O in 125 mL of solution
10. What mass of solution containing 5.00% potassium iodide, KI, by mass contains 258 mg KI?
11. Caffeine, C8 H10N4 O2 , is a stimulant found in tea and coffee.
A sample of the substance was dissolved in 45.0 g of chloroform, CHCl3 , to give a 0.0946 m
solution. How many grams of caffeine were in the sample? Molar mass caffeine = 194.19 g/mol
12. A 100.0-g sample of a brand of rubbing alcohol contains 65.0 g of isopropyl alcohol, C3 H7 OH, and
35.0 g of water. What is the mole fraction of isopropyl alcohol in the solution? What is the mole
fraction of water?
13. . A bleaching solution contains sodium hypochlorite, NaClO, dissolved in water. The solution is
0.650 m NaClO. What is the mole fraction of sodium hypochlorite?
14. . The concentrated sulfuric acid we use in the laboratory is 98.0% H2 SO4 , by mass. Calculate the
molality and molarity of the acid solution. The density of the solution is 1.83 g/mL.
15. . Calculate the approximate volume of water that must be added to 250 mL of 1.25 N solution to
make it 0.500 N.
16. An antiseptic solution contains hydrogen peroxide, H2 O2 , in water. The solution is 0.610 m H2 O2 .
What is the mole fraction of hydrogen peroxide?
17. Citric acid, H3 C6 H5 O7 , occurs in plants. Lemons contain 5% to 8% citric acid by mass. The acid
is added to beverages and candy. An aqueous solution is 0.688 m citric acid. The density is 1.049
g/mL. What is the molar concentration?
18. A solution of vinegar is 0.763 M acetic acid, HC2 H3 O2 . The density of the vinegar is 1.004 g/mL.
What is the molal concentration of acetic acid?
Choose questions
19. Which of the following is the balanced net ionic equation for the reaction between H2 SO4 (a)
and NaOH (aq)?
A. HSO4 -(aq) → H+(aq) + SO4 2-(aq)
B. H+(aq) + OH-(aq) → H2 O(l)
C. SO4 2-(aq) + 2Na+(aq) → NaSO4 2-(aq)
D. H2 SO4 (aq) + 2OH-(aq) → 2H2 O(l) + SO4 2-(aq)
20. When a given volume of concentrated solution is diluted 100 fold, which one of the following is
true?
A. the dilute solution has more number of moles of solute per unit volume than that of concentrated
solution
B. the number of moles of solute per unit volume of the dilute solution is equal to that of the
concentrated solution
C. the number of moles of solute in a given volume of a solution is the same before and after dilution
D. all of the above