Tash

going sightseeing
We would

We would like your old reading material for

our patients

Reading Part 3. For this question, choose the correct answer

(choose the one answer out of four. Total answers: 5) ‫اختيارات‬
A famous artist - Picasso
Pablo Picasso was born in 1881 in Malaga, Spain, the son of an
artist, Jose Ruiz, and Maria Picasso. He took his mother's
surname, [which] was more unusual than his father's. Picasso's
[career] as an artist lasted [over] 75 years. Many people
[believe] that he changed modern art more than any other artist
of his [generation] Picasso died in France in 1973.
A love of Travelling
For Nigel Portman, a love of travelling began with what's called
a 'gap year'. In common with many other British teenagers, he
chose to take a year out, travelling in America and Asia, before
[settling down] to study for his degree. Now that his university
course has [come] to an end, Nigel is just about to leave on a
three-year trip that will take him [right] around the world, using
only 'natural' transport. In other words, he'll be [relying] mostly
on bicycles and his own legs: and when there's an ocean to
cross, he won't be taking a [short] cut by climbing aboard a
plane, he'll be joining the crew of a sailing ship instead.
Is there any point in travelling?
If our lives are dominated by a search for happiness, then
perhaps few activities reveal as much about the dynamics of this
quest all its ardour and paradoxes – as do our travels. They
express, however inarticulately, an understanding of what life
might be about, outside the constraints of work and the
struggle for survival. Yet rarely are they considered to present
philosophical problems – that is, issues requiring thought
beyond the practical. We are inundated with advice on where
to go and when to go; we hear little of why we should go, even
though the art of travel seems naturally to be in a position to
contribute, albeit in a modest way, to an understanding of what
can facilitate human beings to thrive.
Albert Einstein
Albert Einstein from an early age preferred not to play with
other children and regarded most games as disagreebly
aggressive, preferring to occupy himself with solitary play
[instead]. At fifteen, he managed to persuade his mathematics
teacher to[confirm]that he was up to graduation [Link]
then went to university in Zurich, but, with one or two
[exceptions], the teachers there did not impress [Link] was
always a solitary thinker, able to keep particular problems in
[mind] for protracted periods until a solution finally
[Link] [reached] his conclusions by pure thought,
practically unaided by anyone else.
A new book about history
History is much less simple than it something seems. There are
many stories that can be told about the past. However, we are
not, perhaps, as free as we might imagine in our choice of
which stories to tell, or where those stories [Link] stimulating
new book about how we study and understand history begins by
asking us various questions provoked by our investigation of
history. It then explores the different ways in which these
questions have been answered in the past. Fascinating and
concrete examples of how historians work give the reader a
sense of the excitement of discovering not only the past, but
also ourselves
Advertising
A company tells the public about the things it makes through
advertising. A company also uses advertising to persuade
people to buy more of its products. These days, so many goods
are advertised in so many different ways that it is possible for us
to come into contact with hundreds of different advertisements
in a single day. Sometimes firms even decide to offer things to
people free of charge so that they can just try them without
paying anything at all.
 Board games in cafes
In cities across Canada, you might be struck by the number of
cafés designed solely to the playing of board games. Many of
them seem to have sprung up in the last few years. Toronto,
where such cafés can be seen on practically every street, has
become a model for any other city that would like to foster its
own board game culture. In addition to providing games, these
cafés serve up all kinds of unusual teas and coffees. Walk into
any of these places, and you‟ll experience the
same outgoing atmosphere: fast chatter, laughter and the
sound of rolling dice. The one thing you‟ll rarely see is
someone‟s eyes glued to a glowing phone screen.
Bebel Gilberto
Bebel Gilberto is one of Brazil's most talented singers. Her first
album. 'Tanto Tempo', [was] bought by over a million people,
and is among the biggest-selling Brazilian albums of all [time].
Her second album, called simply 'Bebel Gilberto', followed a
few years [Link] comes from a successful musical family
and she [remembers] growing up with music all around [Link]
is particularly grateful [to] her mother, who was her first singing
teacher. She sang on her her on stage at nine years old [joined]
her on stage.
Book review
Dava Sobel's best-seller. Longitude, tells the story of John
Harrison's long [battle] with the English establishment of the
18th century to prove that his clocks were the best way to
measure longitude at sea. The establishment [personified] in the
figure of Sir Nevile Maskelyne found it demeaning that a
simple, uneducated mechanic could do better than all the
brilliant astronomers. Maskelyne did everything he could to
frustrate Harrison. Reading this book, I was struck by how
many great inventors have had little education, and in particular
how little they [owe] to science. Harrison [ picked up]
mechanics while working as an apprentice carpenter. Thomas
Edison had less than three months of normal schooling and
Guillermo Marconi had a limited formal education. With the
exception of James Watt, none of the great pioneers of steam
was even literate, [let] alone university educated.
Crocodiles
All the same, on land, crocodiles are able to move in a variety
of ways. Besides being able to walk quite easily on their large
flat feet, they can manage to run if necessary and sometimes
slide on their stomachs. They will often stay perfectly still in
the water for long periods Although they need to breathe air,
crocodiles have the ability to dive beneath the water and remain
there for some time.
Deserts 1
Deserts exist in every continent of the world apart from Europe.
Most deserts are hot, but there are also cold deserts. In fact, the
world's largest desert is Antarctica, [which] is made almost
completely of ice. The Sahara desert [covers] ten per cent of
Africa, and is the world's largest hot desert. However, the
hottest place on earth is Death Valley in California; on 10 July
1913, the temperature there [reached] 56.7 °C – the highest
temperature [ever] [Link] plants manage to live in
deserts, but they grow very slowly. The saguaro cactus, for
example, [takes] thirty years to grow one metre tall.
Deserts 2
Deserts exist in every continent of the world apart from Europe.
A region can be called a desert if its[average] annual rainfall is
under 250 mm. [While] most deserts are hot, there are also cold
deserts, such as Antarctica, a desert made almost completely of
[Link] are often [thought] of as impossible places to live
in, but they are actually home to a [wide] range of plants and
animals. With so [little] rainfall, plants grow slowly and only
flower on rare occasions.
Dogs and wolves
but exactly when modern dogs emerged as a species distinct
from wolves is still unclear while some previous studies have
suggested that this separation of domestic dogs the Altai dog
after the mountains from where were recovered American
continents than it is to wolves Middle East or East Asia, the
regions that had until then,
Eating your greens
Eating my greens is something I‟ve always enjoyed. As a child,
I‟d happily munch my way through large servings of green
vegetables. If they were glistening with butter, so much the
better. Lately, in my home in Italy, I‟ve been eating something
called misticanza, traditionally a delicious diversity of leaves,
field herbs and shoots collected from the fields and eaten as a
salad. This habit of collecting wild plants is from the time when
they were also a vital source of medicinal extracts. When I first
came to Italy, there was still a woman who would appear at the
market selling the plants she had collected. It‟s only now that
I‟ve come to realise that she was the last remaining person to
practise what had once been an important tradition.
Getting involved in student life
It is important to remember that going to university or college is
about so much more than just studying. There are a lot of
ways to enjoy life socially too. Join a student society, for
example. Joining societies is a great way of meeting lots of new
people, making new friends and having fun. There is usually
something for [Link] part of a sports team or just
playing for pleasure is another good way of taking part in
student life. So if you love sport, join a club. not only will you
have a brilliant time and meet lots of new people, it‟s also a
great way of keeping fit.
Getting on Well at Work
Most people spend so much of their lives at work that it's [vital]
to develop good relationships with those around [Link]
is always a help. If you can laugh at yourself and with your
colleagues, you'll be more than [halfway] there. Don't be upset
by teasing; touchy people always get more than their [fair]
share of people making fun of them because they are seen to be
vulnerable. It's a hard world, and you have to be quite tough to
[withstand] the [Link] best practical advice is to try
hard to keep on top of the job. If you feel comfortable about
this, you'll be less anxious and have more energy left to
[devote] the crucial task of relating to others
John Ruskin 1
In the nineteenth century, John Ruskin, an English writer and art
critic, made great efforts to encourage people to draw, believing
that this was a much-neglected skill. As well as giving lectures,
he published two books on drawing, which were [widely] read.
Ruskin's efforts were not I [aimed] at turning people into good
artists but at making them happier. He felt that, when we are
involved in the process of drawing something, we become more
aware of the different parts which [make] up the [Link] is in
this way that we [come] to a deeper appreciation and
[understanding] of the thing itself.
John Ruskin
In the nineteenth century, John Ruskin, an English writer and art
critic made great efforts to encourage people to draw. He
believed that drawing was a skill that was greatly neglected in
schools and claimed that it was even more important to the
human race than writing. In order to improve the situation , he
gave a series of lectures at the Working Men's College in
London. These lectures attracted large audiences, which
further strengthened Ruskin's belief that everybody should
have the opportunity to learn how to draw. For Ruskin drawing
was of value even when done by people with no talent. He felt
that when we are involved in the process of drawing something
we have to look at it very closely, which leads to a deeper
appreciation of the thing itself.
 Keep yourself motivated to study
At times, you may find your course less interesting or
exceptionally hard, and then maintaining motivation is seriously
[Link] way to stay motivated study to promise
yourself a reward for successfully completing learning tasks.
This works because our anticipation if an enjoyable activity
overcomes a dread of something we would rather not [Link]
shorter pieces of work, the reward might be something Really
simple as a coffee break or going outside for fresh air. On
reaching a more significant learning milestone, you could visit
friends overnight, or play video games all weekend! Make sure
the reward comes immediately after you have completed the
task, and the size of the reward matches that of the task. Aim to
have at least one motivating activity every day, so that you
always have something enjoyable to look forward to, regardless
of Whatever else is going on.
My day
I get up [at] 6:30 in the morning. I always run in the park.
Then I [have] breakfast. I drink a [glass] of orange juice and
eat some bread. I work in a hotel. I [can] walk there because
it‟s near my flat. After work, I go to the gym for two [hours].
I always go to bed early.
Oldest big cat fossil found in Tibet
Scientists have identified a new big cat fossil. Found in the
foothills of the Himalayas, the fragments are considered to be
the oldest ones ever unearthed and have been dated [between]
4.1 and 5.95 million years old. Their discovery in Tibet supports
the theory [that] asserts big cats evolved in central Asia-not
Africa- and spread.“this is a very significant finding as it gives
us a great insight into [how] early big cats may have looked like
and where they may have lived”, reported Dr Tseng who led the
2010 expedition. Scientists used both anatomical and DNA data
[to] determine that the sculls belonged to an extinct big cat,
whose territory appears to overlap many of the species we know
[Link] DNA evidence suggests they diverged [from] their
cousins the Felinae-which includes cougars, lynxes and
domestic cats- about 6/37 million years ago.
Online Oder Confirmation
To: From: Customer services Title: Online Order
Confirmation
Dear Customer Thank you for ordering from beauty shop
online. The order you placed has now been shipped and should
arrive in the next two [Link] are always Keen to find ways to
improve the shopping experience for our customers. For this
reason, we would welcome your feedback on the service you
receive from us. If you find the products especially useful,
please write a review. This can be Done by accessing the
product page and selecting Write a Review. If your review is
published, we will give you 100 Reward [Link]‟t forget
that you can earn extra Reward Points by recommending a
friend. For more information on how to claim your Reward
Points, Follow the link [Link] look forward to your next
[Link] beautyshoponline team
 Preserving food
You may wonder why it is that whenever there is a public
holiday coming up which lasts for more than a day, everyone
feels impelled to rush out and panic buy, heaping great
quantities of preserved foods. the fact is, this same instinct
drove our ancestors to find ways of keeping supplies of food
ready for all eventualities throughout the year. Unlike today,
however, they spent a great deal of their time preoccupied with
where the next meal coming from. They also used most of their
energies in producing, storing and preserving their food.
An abundance of fresh summer vegetables would be followed
by great quantities of autumn crops and short of stuffing
themselves throughout the summer and autumn before going
hungry for the rest of the year, ancient peoples had no
alternative but to find some way of turning these seasonal
spares into food that would be edible all year round.
Pygmy Three-toed Sloth
It is characterized by pale grey-brown fur that is often blotchy
and tan-coloured face with a distinctive dark band around the
eyes. Male adults have a bright orange patch on their back,
through which a black band runs vertically Sloths have an
unusual means of camouflage to avoid predation their outer fur
is often coated in algae, and this makes the hair a greenish
colour Three-toed sloths can be distinguished from their distant
relative
 The ancient Roman City of Ostia
The Roman city of Ostia took its name from the Latin ostium,
meaning river mouth. According to texts from writer and poet
Ennius, from historian Titus Levy, from the writer Cicero - to
mention but a [few] scholars of Roman civilization - Ostia was
founded around eight thousand years ago by Ancus Martius, the
fourth king of Rome. The king was desperate to assure an outlet
for the military and commercial expansion of Rome, [which] at
that time was still relatively small. After conquering the coastal
populations standing in the way of this project, Ancus Martius
[had] a citadel built near the mouth of the river. His soldiers
were thus ideally located when it [came] to controlling
navigation on the river Tiber. It is known that the design of the
citadel [must] have been modified later, since the ruins of Ostia
today contain hardly any original structures
The Café
· By seven o'clock in the morning the little café is crowded,
every table filled, the smell of coffee and cooking in the air.
Some sit alone, enjoying a moment of quiet feeling · before the
busy work day begins. Others chat excitedly, bringing each
other up to date on happy news and tales of weekend
adventures. A suited man in the corner taps away on the
keyboard of his laptop computer; a young woman by the
window offers her hungry child bits of food from her plate; a
small boy and his dad watch cartoons on the tiny TV screen on
the wall. By ten o'clock the café is empty again, the tables
cleaned, the sauce bottles refilled. The sun shines through the
windows and there is a moment of peace before the café springs
to life again in the mid-morning rush.

The Island of St Kilda

We were entering our sixth hour at sea,sailing west onto the
Atlantic from the Scottish mainland when we finally saw St
Kilda.I knew the island was a volcanic stone outcrop in the
middle of the ocean-but I had no idea exactly what to expect.
St Kilda is far enough out into the Atlantic to have its own
weather : the storm systems roll across from Canada and catch
on the jagged heights of the island, like sheep‟s wool on a
barbed-wire fence. Consulting of a mountain range rising over
1,400 feet,St Kilda is the most remote part of the British Isles
and one of the most extraordinary. Thought to have been
inhabited for at least two thousand years, there are traces of
Neolithic sites. That this place was inhabited at all is
remarkable, given the unforgiving landscape and weather, and
the great difficulty in ever being able to land there
The hot river
Deep in the Amazon jungle there's an amazing natural
phenomenon: a river so hot it almost boils. How on [Earth] is
that possible? It's all down to a series of hotsprings that heat up
water flowing into the river. It's the only river [of] its kind
anywhere in the world. Of course, hot springs are not unique to
this area – they [can] be found all over the world. They
normally occur where there arevolcanoes, yet there are none
anywhere near this [Link] have, on occasion, [to be]
known to swim in the river, but only after heavy rain has
reduced the temperature considerably. More often than [that],
the river is used simply for making tea and cooking.
The River Amazon
Although the River Amazon is not as long as the River Nile, it
carries much more water. Starting high in the Andes mountains
of Peru, the river [passes] through the rainforest of Brazil. On
its long journey towards the Atlantic Ocean, it increases in size
as it [is] fed by thousands of smaller rivers such as the River
Negro, which [joins] the Amazon near the city of [Link]
the time the Amazon [gets/reaches?] the sea, it is very wide.
Every second, it pours 200.000 cubic metres of water into the
ocean. This is the same [amount] of water that is held by a
hundred Olympic-sized swimming pools.
Universal Wet Weekend
The weather across much of the British Isles remained settled
last week, with a good deal of sunshine. The rest of the world,
however, was coping with some [extreme] conditions. Hong
Kong had 333 mm of rainfall over the weekend, not far off the
[average] for the entire month of August. The southern Chinese
town of Shanwei was [soaking] up the 468 mm of rain which
fell in sixty hours up to midday on Sunday, [nearly] twice the
usual August rainfall. Although most of Europe enjoyed sun,
the high temperatures were sufficient to set off some [heavy]
showers. On Tuesday morning a thunderstorm at Lyon in
eastern France deposited 99 mm of rain in just six hours.
 Reading
Part 5. For these questions, type the correct answer in each
gap. Type only one word in each gap) ‫اكمل‬
Amelia Earhart, Pioneer Woman Pilot (1897- 1927)
Amelia Earhart, the pioneering woman pilot, had [her] first
flying lesson in January 1921, and convinced herself that she
was destined to become a pilot. In the six months that followed,
she managed to save enough money to buy a plane. Earhart
named the bright yellow plane “The Canary”,and put it to good
use, setting the first women's record by rising [to] an altitude of
14,000 feet,a remarkable achievement. From [then] on,
Earhart's life revolved [around] flying. But strong [as] Earhart's
convictions were, challenging financial obstacles lay ahead.
Anita Roddick (1942 - 2007)
In 1976 Anita Roddick opened the first Body Shop in Brighton,
England. She sold natural ingredients in environment-friendly
[Link] had travelled to many different countries as a
student She [noticed] that ordinary women inAfrica and south-
east Asia did not buy expensive creams for their skin, [but]
used simple local materials like cocoa fat and lemon juice. She
[discussed] this with a plant expert, and together they
developed a completely new [kind] of skincare product. Today
there are over 2000 Body Shops aroundthe world Anita Roddick
showed people a new way of [doing] business successfully.
 Cheap English books
Have you just started to learn English? Do you want to buy
some English books For beginners?
I have several easy books on grammar and vocabulary. I‟ve
only used them a little, so they look new. And they won‟t cost a
lot! New books are a lot more expensive. You can see my
books in Class 4A. I will be there on Wednesday and Friday,
from 1.30 pm to 3.00.
Computer game review
to tick all the right boxes/draws on the gaming/an action game
in [which]players pilot/chance to collaborate [with]one another
in a game/[Although]not a lot of the game
Considerable amount of their time
1. Earth 2. Decides [Link] 4. Time 5 remain
Dear Lorna
How are you? I‟ve got a job in the Tourist Information Office. I
start work at half past seven, so I have to get up very early! I
love this job because I meet people from a lot of different
countries. I like telling them about our [Link] is a photo of
me. I'm wearing my new uniform.
Dear Maria
It‟s good to be back home in my country but I still think
about all the friends I made in our English class, especially
you. I was sad when I left England because my visit was too
short. I would like to return to England but next time I will stay
for a longer time. Sophie
Dear Sir I read your advertisement
I would [like]to have some more/ How [much]does a course
cost/ in three weeks, [on]Monday9 May/ If you prefer [to]begin
in June/ I hope [this]is the information
Diamonds are forever
The word diamond' comes from the Greek word 'adamas',
meaning 'unconquerable' and they have been a source of
fascination for centuries. A diamond is a transparent gemstone
consisting of carbon, one of the earth's most common elements.
It is well-known for being the hardest substance, natural or
synthetic, known to man. It is thousands of times harder than
corundum, the next hardest substance from which rubies and
sapphires are formed. Even after many years of constant wear,
a diamond will preserve its sharp edges and corners when most
other stones have become worn and chipped, maintaining its
natural brilliance. However, many people suffer under the
misconception that a diamond is unbreakable. In fact, since
diamond's crystal structure has 'hard: and 'soft1 directions, a
blow of sufficient force, in a very particular direction can crack,
chip, split or even shatter a diamond.
Fashion
worn clothing of [one]description/Apart [from]protection
against/and gone [while]some of these have been/to those
[who]had the money to [do]so
 Fitness Buddy
that having a friend to go with can provide the incentive you
need Ideally, you and your fitness buddy should be evenly
matched in terms of ability which can greatly reduce the
perception of how strenuous an activity is Exercising with
friends also helps to break the monotony of working out and
will be a lot more likely to hold out it for longer.
Graphology at work
Job applicants are asked to submit a sample of their
handwriting. This reveals characteristics ranging from honesty
and thoroughness to anxiety and aggression .From the sample,
we analyse an applicant's aptitude for a job; for example,
whether they would be capable of dealing with pressure'
Sturgeon says, 'Refusing a test in itself tells you a lot about an
applicant's character. It is made clear to them that handwriting
analysis is only part of the process, and is used together with
other tests, CVs and interviews'.
Graphology at work
Can your handwriting reveal anything at all concerning your
character? Enough, perhaps, to decide whether you will get the
job that you have applied for Graphology, the science of
analysing handwriting, is being used by recruitment personnel
in a growing number of companies. Business consultant Eleanor
Sturgeon says, „Companies find it helpful but it all depends on
both how much they know about graphology and the way they
use it.‟ Sturgeon points out that handwriting analysis is only a
part of the recruitment process. „If someone doesn‟t get a job,‟
she says, „it won't be just because of their handwriting. Almost
certainly, they wouldn't have got the job anyway.
Henry Davies
when he suddenly [came]across/ a house [for]sale overlooking/
to be exactly [what]he was looking for/ During [that]time/
many other hotel owners [to] create similar hotels
Honey
1. Is 2. As 3. There 4 on 5. The

I am studying very hard at the moment. I find a lot of the

subjects difficult, but they are all very interesting. I hope I can
get a good job when I have finished the course. I would like to
go and work in another country because I enjoy traveling.
Hi Helga
I went to [the]seaside last Saturday/I was feeling fed [up]and I
was/always been scared [of]the big rides/it was [much]fun/with
me next [time]
Hi Jan!
Dad and I are having a lovely time on holiday here. We go to
the beach every day and [there]is a lots to doat the hotel in the
evening. Last night, they had a dance. It was excellent! The
hotel shop has some lovely leather handbags. I'll buy one
[for]you tomorrow.
Our flight will [arrive]at the airport at ten o'clock on Saturday
evening so we will not get home until midnight.
I [have]forgotten my front door key so don't go to bed early!
[See]you soon.
Juggling
Juggling involves throwing a number of objects up into the air
and catching them without dropping a single one. Probably the
greatest juggler the world has ever known was Enrico Rastelli,
who was born in 1896. He started using rubber balls instead of
the cotton balls that were in use at the time. These rubber balls
are now standard. It was Rastelli, too, who began the now
commonly seen practice of throwing a ball into the air, and then
catching the ball on a stick held in his [Link] degree of
control shown by Enrico Rastelli has never been equalled.
Everyone agreed that his performances were truly astonishing.
Juggling
Juggling involves throwing a number of objects up into the air
and catching them again. Probably the greatest juggler was
Enrico Rastelli, who was born in Siberia in [Link]
Rastelli spent some of his early years in Italy, it [was] in Russia
that he acquired hisjuggling skills. He was able to juggle [as]
many as eight balls at the same time. However, [what] made
him a genius was his perfect style, rather [than] the number of
objects he couldjuggle. One of his specialties was throwing a
ball into the air, and then catching [it] on a stickheld in his
mouth, a practice later copied by other jugglers.
 Juggling
Enrico Rastelli was probably the greatest juggler the world has
ever known. Juggling Involvesthrowing a number of objects up
into the air and catching them without dropping a single one.
Rastelli was able to juggle as many as eight balls at the same
time. However, what made him a genius was his perfect style,
rather than the quantity of objects he could juggle.
Light Pollution
Light pollution occurs when powerful electric lights around us
stop us seeing the stars in the night sky. Amazingly, many
children growing up in big cities today have never seen the
night sky properly because of the increase in light pollution.
And it is not only in cities – people living in the country are
also affected by lights from nearby towns. It is a problem for
those simply trying to enjoy the stars, and for serious
astronomers as well. However, one university in the UK has
come up with an interesting solution. It has built a telescope in
the Canary Islands and allows schools to use this via the
internet.
Looking for gold in Australia
[Link] 2. Seems to 3. To 4. Neither
Man nearly walks into a bear Montano Caravan
[Link] [Link] [Link] [Link] up [Link]
 New market.
Newmarket. England. 20th July. Dear Maria, How are you? I‟m
studying hard in England. I have lessons for five hours a day.
Newmarket is a nice town and it‟s easy to visit different places
from [Link] night I went to the cinema to see an Australian
film. I liked it very much. Please write soon. Love. Jan.
Pelicans
They have large pouches underneath their beaks which hold
up to three times as much as their stomachs, although they do
not store their catch there. Brown pelicans are the smallest of
the species, even if they do have an impressive wingspan of 2.3
metres. In fact, pelicans‟ flight is surprisingly graceful for birds
that waddle clumsily on foot. Unlike other birds, which tend to
form a V-shape when they fly in a group, pelicans usually fly
one behind the other. Numbers have now started to rise again,
but some species of pelicans are still at risk.
Plants in cold deserts
The vast sagebrush landscapes of the western United States
form an immense cold-desert ecosystem. Long, frozen winters
and hot, rainless summers result in bone-dry soils. Now, new
research is beginning to solve the puzzle of how plants there
manage to gain the nutrients they need from the ground. This
feat of survival is achieved despite the fact that they live in the
driest conditions [Link] the last nine years, researchers
have studied the sagebrush steppe, where the sagebrush's deep
root systems serve as conduits for water from deep, moist soil
to extremely dry surface soil, even during the depths of drought.
Water moves upward through roots from deep moist soil and is
deposited in shallow, parched soil at night, to be taken up again
by plant roots the following morning to support leaf function.
This has been known for some time, but what is new is that
they have found evidence indicating that this process also plays
a role in delivering nutrients to plants by keeping the microbes
responsible for decomposition and nutrient cycling hydrated.
Perseverance
Success often depends on a crucial quality: perseverance, the
ability to keep going in adverse circumstances -with a cheerful
countenance if at all possible. It is said that perseverance is a
good trait unless it is applied to inappropriate aims. This places
the emphases on knowing which are the appropriate ones. Some
might say that an individual with absolutely poor musical
ability who perseveres in his endeavours to master the violin is
obviously on the wrong track. But someone else might reply
that any worthy aim, for instance , playing the violin , dignifies
the struggle to achieve it, and however difficult such a person
might have found it to learn to play , they would still have
gained a great deal simply from trying. What do you think?
Piano competition
it is even bigger [than]last year/all over [the]world are going
to/They will all have [to]play/The person [who]wins will
get/There will [be]a concert
 Riverside Hotel
The Riverside Hotel has had a reputation for excellent food ever
since the day it opened in 1949. It was started by a
businessman called Henry Davies, who saw an advertisement
for a house overlooking a river. He had been thinking of
converting a family home into a hotel, and this house seemed
perfect. Davies was soon running the hotel himself, but hired a
top chef, Geoffrey Dawson. Within six months, the restaurant
was being heavily booked that Davies had to take on new
staff. The hotel won several awards for the quality of its
food. The present owner, Sally Rutland, has personally trained
a number of chefs who have gone on to become famous.
Blobfish is ugliest animal

The grumpy-looking, gelatinous blobfish has won a public vote

to become the official mascot of the Ugly Animal Preservation
Society.
The society began as a science-themed comedy night and
devised its mascot campaign to draw attention to “aesthetically
challenged” threatened species. The bizarre creature lives off
the coast of south-eastern Australia and Tasmania, at depths of
between 600 and 1,200m, where atmospheric pressure is
several dozen times higher than at sea level. It feeds on crabs
and lobsters and so suffers a significant threat from fishing
trawlers. Although it is inedible itself, it gets caught up in the
nets. Carly Waterman from the Zoological Society of London's
Endangered Species programme, which aims to highlight and
conserve evolutionary “one of a kind” species, praised the
campaign, saying it was important to raise awareness of less
“traditionally charismatic animals”. The campaign was run in
conjunction with the National Science and Engineering
Competition.
The importance of physical activity
The pace [of]modern life/Consequently, eating [a]balanced/
[Although]we are all aware/many people spend far [too]little
time/news is that [it]is easier that/activity [into]your day/can do
it at [any]time/so use them [when]you get the chance/to spend
time together [with]a fimily
The vast sagebrush landscapes of the western United S:
1. desert 2. the 3. as 4. be 5. what
Ways of Communicating
People, in common with all social animals, must be able to
communicate. Only through communication can one animal
influence the behaviour of another . Human language is
complex, allowing an infinite variety of new meanings. As a
rule, however, each animal signal conveys one, and only one
message. But each single message may, however, contain
several bits of relevant information. For example the call of
certain insects, as well as giving information about social status,
can also indicate their whereabouts. Information such as this
may play a crucial role in a species‟ survival.
 Who to respect
When I was a child I clearly remember being told that I should
respect the elderly. To be honest, I could not really see why I
should do so; old people to me seemed to be out of touch,
impatient, ill-tempered and constantly goering on about how
things were better in old day. Of course, I did not include my
grandparents in this . I knew them personally and they were not
at all like that – they were good company. Much more lively
and interesting in every [Link], as I approach old age myself,
I realize that, despite appearing to be morally righteous, the
advice was wrong; we should treat all people, same they old,
young or somewhere in between with courtesy and
consideration. Everybody deserves respect.
Who eats cheese with a spoon?
1. which 2. to 3. was 4. in 5. in
Reading.
Part 6. For these questions, choose the correct answer (Total
questions: 5-6 with 3 answers for each)
A Family Car
The French woman was selling the car because / she found the
seats too hard
What did the Brookes family enjoy doing most in their car?
/ traveling to other countries
The car has never had /a new engine
Alex is going to sell the car because / he doesn’t use it any
more
What does Alex say about the car / it still goes very well
Amanda
When Amanda first entered Heinzelman's shop, Mary Louise
seemed / delighted that Amanda had returned
From what Mary Louise says, it seems that / she thought it was
late for a customer call
Amanda quickly told Mary Louise that she was on holiday
because she wanted to /stop Mary Louise talking …
Seeing Mary Louise wave to her, Amanda remembered that
Mary Louise / had had a very similar childhood ...
From what Amanda says about Mattie, it is clear that /Mattie
was a lot younger than Amanda
Chris Sharma
What is the writer doing in the first paragraph?/summing up
the main achievements of Sharma’s climbing …
What was Sharma‟s attitude on completing Realization?/He
considered it an important event in his career.
What does Sharma say about his life after Realization?/He
found the attention he received hard to deal with.
What does Sharma say about his recent involvement in
climbing?/He is grateful for the support he gets from ...
Which of the following is Sharma most likely to say about
himself? /Although this sport has always fascinated…
Ewan McGregor and Charley Boorman
When McGregor and Boorman first had the idea for their trip,
their wives / seemed to accept it
In the beginning, why did the actors decide to travel a long
way? / make a TV programme
What does McGregor say about his motorbike training? / It
made him sad initially
Now he is back home, McGregor / misses the quieter places
they went to.
The writer thinks the TV programme is good because of / the
people who took part in it.
Homage to Kefalonia
When the writer mentioned she was going to Kefalonia, other
people were / discouraging
In the evening, the streets in the town of Sami are full of / a mix
of the entire population
What does the writer recommend about the Melissani cave?
/ seeing the cave at particular time for the best view
What does the writer say about influences from abroad in
Kefalonia? / There are ruins of buildings from a different
age and culture
What did the director of the film say about Kefalonia? / The
inhabitants of the island are very special
Letter to the Newport Evening News
What is the writer trying to do in the letter? / Show her thanks.
What will the reader learn from the letter? / There are some
kind people in Newport
How did the writer feel after her experience? / Surprised that
nothing was stolen.
Why did the writer cry? / She was anxious
What would be a good headline for the letter? / Woman's bad
day has a happy ending
Laurence Stephen Lowry
What did Lowry do after work?/.he studied art
Lowry‟s family?/.liked his paintings
Lowry became famous because/an important man liked his
paintings
When Lowry stopped working in the office, he/.became rich
Today, Lowry‟s work is/.loved in his own country
p
Who had more than one sister or brother?/.Oleg
Who enjoyed other subjects as well as music?/.Josef
Who studied in another country for two years?/. Oleg
Who had music lessons with someone who wasn‟t a piano
player?/.Ivan
Who also wrote music?/Ivan
Racing Driver
When Carrie Wilson took part in competitions for radio
controlled cars,/ she found the journeys to the events
enjoyable
According to the second paragraph, Carrie hoped/ to match
Fittipaldi’s speed
What does the third paragraph say about Carrie‟s time at
school?/ She had difficulty in doing all her home work
What happened as soon as Carrie left school?/ Her father
became her trainer
What does the fifth paragraph say about Carrie‟s situation
now?/ She is very inexperienced compared with some other
…
In the final paragraph, what does Carrie say about her
progress?/ She believes she learns from the mistakes she
makes
Schools of the Air
Where does Jack live?/20 kilometres from the nearest village
In the second paragraph, we learn that Schools of the Air/are
the answer to an Australian problem.
Every morning after breakfast,/Jack joins his class on the
internet.
What happens during the Maths class?/ The pupils listen to
their classmates.
As well as online lessons,/Jack receives things to watch and
read.
Singing Together
What is the write trying to do in this article? / Describe a
teacher’s ideas about the importance of singing
What can the reader find out from the article? / How singing is
anyone can do
How does Ruth think singing with other people can help you?
/ You can get to know other people
What made Ruth start her own class? / She enjoyed going to a
singing class herself
Which is the best advertisement for Ruth‟s singing classes?
/ SONGS FOR ALL! Can you sing? Try our 'Singing for
Everyone' class every week and find out! Make new friends.
The Wisdom of Birds: an illustrated history of ornithology
What point is made about our ancestors‟ beliefs concerning
birds? / People found it possible to believe conflicting claims.
What is the focus of Birkhead‟s book / developments in the
way that knowledge is gained
What point does the reviewer make in the third paragraph?/ It is
necessary to question generally held beliefs
According to the fourth paragraph, John Ray‟s book / shows
that almost nothing was known about birds when it was
written.
The reviewer refers to swallows landing on ships in mid-ocean
to show that / beliefs about birds were rarely changed in the
light of fresh evidence What point does the reviewer make in
the sixth paragraph? / The role of birds in the natural world is
often misunderstood.
The Cabinet Maker
When she arrived at the workshop, the writer/ was not sure if
her first impression of Hurst was accurate
Hurst has few problems selling his furniture because he/ is
known to be a skilled craftsman
What does Hurst think has led to the decline in the craft of
cabinet making? / Consumers will accept poor quality
furniture.
Hurst believes that it is essential for craftsmen to/ produce
functional designs
The writer's final impression of Hurst is that he/ has an unusual
attitude to his work
The origins of agriculture
What did Lilian Gibbs notice about the trees in the forest?/A
large number were very similar in their shape.
In the second paragraph, what does the writer say about
farming?/It resulted in eventual changes in communal living.
According to the third paragraph, the most recent evidence
shows that „proto-farming‟/first appeared in the Middle East.
In the fourth paragraph, the writer says that the food grown in
the early days of farming was probably/ Eaten on special
occasions
In the fourth paragraph, the writer says that after the era of
„garden farms‟, people seemed to be unsure about whether/they
could get suitable types of crop for domestic agriculture.
According to the final paragraph, what change did proto-
farming undergo in its development?/It went from being
experimental to being essential.
Traffic in the park
Why has the writer written this text?/To show people how
serious the Park's traffic problem is.
What would a reader learn from the text?/How the traffic
situation in the Park could be improved.
What does Martin Doughty say about the situation in the
Park?/It would be unfair to stop people using cars in the
Park.
What does the writer say about traffic in the Park?/Traffic jams
spoil people's experiences of the Park.
Which of the following might Martin Doughty say?/The traffic
jams and pollution are getting worse/ Please don’t make
unnecessary journeys through the Park and use public
transport when you can

Trees in Britain
Steve Green is planting trees to / redevelop an area outside the
city
More land could be used for growing trees when / better ways
of farming were found
The British suddenly started to value trees because / a single
night of bad weather
Evidence of increasing interest in trees is shown by the number
of / people joining a tree conservation club
Lesley Robinson / helps children appreciate trees
Wilderness in southern Utah
The first paragraph indicates that the writer wants to / question
the extent of human impact on the environment
According to the second paragraph, which definition of
wilderness is shared by the general public and US legislation?
/areas protected from any form of urban development
What change that has occurred in southern Utah is Mentioned in
the third paragraph? / There has been a reduction in the level
of rainfall
What effect has use of ORVs in Tenmile Canyon recently had?
/ the disappearance of some types of fish and insects
What view do many environmental organisations in the region
have? / Not all ORV users are to blame for environmental
damage
White Star School
What is the writer trying to do in the text? / Suggest ways that
children can help the environment.
The most unusual thing about White Star School is / the
teaching method
Jane Bartlett started White Star School because / she wanted to
stay in the area
In the future, Jane would like the students to / encourage others
to care for the environment
What would a teacher at the White Star School say about it?
/ Although we spend a lot of time outdoors, it’s very
important for us that the children get the best possible
education
AINSLEY HARRIOTT + AN ENTERTAINER

[Link] is the writer‟s main purpose in writing the text? to

describe how he lives
2. what would a reader learn about Ainsley from the text? He
enjoys spending time with his family
3. What does the writer say about himself? He enjoys
being popular