C language notes
$Print hello world and hi in next line. Also add comment 2 ways.
#include<stdio.h>
int main(){
printf("Hello world\n");
printf("Hi");
// This is a single line comment
/* This
a
multiline comment*/
return 0;
}
Hello world
Hi
NOTE To go to next line backslash n (\n) is used and for comment frontlash (// & /* … */) is used
ESCAPE SEQUENCE : A combination of backslash and a letter or digits eg. \n for next line, \t for tab
space within a string
#include<stdio.h>
int main(){
printf("1\t2\t3\n4\t5\t6\n7\t8\t9");
return 0;
}
1 2 3
4 5 6
7 8 9
int main(){
printf("\"A qoute\"\n");
printf("\\HELLO\\");
return 0;
}
"A qoute"
\HELLO\
int main(){
// Creating a variable= declaration +
initilization
int x; // declaration
x=3; // initilization
int y=4; //declaration + initilization
char name[]= "RIYA"; //multiple characters
array %s
char grade='C'; //SINGLE CHARACTER %c
int age=18; //%d
float cgpa=1.03; //%f
printf("Hi %s\n",name);
printf("You are %d years old\n",age);
printf ("Your cgpa is %f\n",cgpa);
printf ("Your grade is %c\n",grade);
Hi RIYA
You are 18 years old
Your cgpa is 1.030000
Your grade is C
#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdbool.h>
int main(){
// DATATYPES
char a = 'B'; // Single character %c
char b[] = "Riya"; // Array of character
%s
float c = 2.334567; // 4 bytes (32 bit
precision) 6-7 digits %f
double d = 2.2245965347623; // 8 bytes
(64 bit precision) 15-16 digits %lf (double means
long float)
bool e = true; // 1 byte (t(1) or f(0))
%d
char f = 120; // %c if ASCII alphabet op
is req & %d if the no. 120 is req
// 1 byte(-128 to 127)
unsigned char g = 25; // 1 byte (0 to
255) %d or %c
short h = 32767; // 2 bytes (-32768 to
+32767) %d can also be written as short int h
unsigned short i = 65536U; // 2 bytes (0
to +65535) %d IF 65536 then op will be 0
overflowed
// to avoid overflow warning add U after
number
int j = 23; // 4 bytes (-2 bln to +2 bln)
%d int is by default long int
unsigned int k = 45; // 4 bytes (0 to +4
bln) %u
long long int l = 2635498627363; // 8
bytes (-9 quintillion to +9 quintillion) %lld
unsigned long long int m =
27878888272222; // 8 bytes (0 to +18 quintillion)
%llu
printf("%c\n",a);
printf ("%s\n",b);
printf ("%f\n",c);
printf ("%lf\n",d);
printf ("%d\n",e);
printf ("%c\n",f);
printf ("%d\n",f);
printf ("%c\n",g);
printf ("%d\n",g);
printf ("%d\n",h);
printf ("%d\n",i);
printf ("%d\n",j);
printf ("%u\n",k);
printf ("%lld\n",l);
printf ("%llu\n",m);
return 0;
}
B
Riya
2.334567
2.224597
1
x
120
25
32767
0
23
45
2635498627363
27878888272222
int main(){
/*format specifiers
%c = single char
%s = array
%d = int
%f = float
%lf = double
%.2 decimal precision
%7. = minimum feild length
%- = left align*/
float weight1 = 60.423;
float weight2 = 67.3;
float weight3 = 70.8;
printf ("First weight is %.2f\n", weight1);
printf ("Second weight is %8.3f\n", weight2);
printf ("Third weight is %-8.1f\n", weight3);
return 0;
First weight is 60.42
Second weight is 67.300
Third weight is 70.8
int main(){
// constant - a fixed value that cannot be
altered by the program during its execution
const float PI = 3.14159;
printf ("%.5f\n",PI);
/* ARITHMETIC OPERATORS
+ - * / % ++ -- */
int x = 5;
int y = 2;
int z = x/y; // division of 2 integers yeilds
a integer
float p = x/ (float) y;
printf ("%f\n",p);
printf ("%d\n",z);
x++,
y--;
printf ("%d\n",x);
printf ("%d\n",y);
return 0;
}
3.14159
2.500000
2
6
1
int main(){
int x = 5;
x+=2; // x = x+2
printf ("%d",x);
}
7
int main(){
// scanf stops reading user input when and
where a white space is encountered
// we can use fgets function to read white
space too
char name[20];
printf ("What is your name? ");
fgets(name,20,stdin);
int age;
printf ("What is your age? ");
scanf("%d",&age);
printf ("Your name is %s", name);
printf ("You are %d years old.", age);
return 0;
}
What is your name? Riya Garg
What is your age? 18
Your name is Riya Garg
You are 18 years old.
int main(){
// math functions
double a = round(7.7);
double b = ceil(2.3);
double c = floor(3.9);
int d = fabs(-20);
double e = sin(45);
int f = pow(2,3);
double g = log(2);
int h = sqrt(16);
printf ("%f\n",a);
printf ("%f\n",b);
printf ("%f\n",c);
printf ("%d\n",d);
printf ("%lf\n",e);
printf ("%d\n",f);
printf ("%lf\n",g);
printf ("%d\n",h);
return 0;
}
8.000000
3.000000
3.000000
20
0.850904
8
0.693147
4
Q WAP to calculate the circumference and area of
a circle.
int main(){
double radius;
printf ("Enter radius: ");
scanf("%lf",&radius);
double circum;
const double PI = 3.14159;
circum = 2*PI*radius;
double area;
area = PI * pow(radius,2);
printf ("Circumference of the circle is %lf\
n", circum);
printf ("Area of the circle is %lf", area);
return 0;
}
Enter radius: 2.5
Circumference of the circle is 15.707950
Area of the circle is 19.634937
Q. WAP to find the hypotenuse of a right
triangle.
#include<stdio.h>
#include<math.h>
int main(){
double base;
double height;
double hypo1;
double hypo;
printf ("Enter base: ");
scanf ("%lf",&base);
printf ("Enter height: ");
scanf ("%lf",&height);
hypo1=pow(base,2)+pow(height,2);
hypo=sqrt(hypo1);
printf ("The hypotenuse is %lf", hypo);
return 0;
}
Enter base: 3
Enter height: 4
The hypotenuse is 5.000000
Q WAP to input age and tell if the person can
vote.
#include<stdio.h>
int main(){
int age;
printf ("What is your age :");
scanf ("%d",&age);
if(age>=18){
printf ("You are elegible to vote!");
}
else if(age<0){
printf ("Invalid age!");
}
else{
printf ("You are not elegible to vote!");
}
return 0;
}
What is your age :15
You are not elegible to vote!
Q Switch statements
#include<stdio.h>
int main(){
char grade;
printf("Enter your grade: ");
scanf("%c",&grade);
switch(grade){
case 'A':
printf ("Excellent");
break;
case 'B':
printf ("Good");
break;
case 'C':
printf ("Can do better");
break;
case 'D':
printf ("Dog");
break;
case 'E':
printf ("Very poor");
break;
default:
printf ("Enter valid grades");
}
}
Enter your grade: A
Excellent