Secondary

Storage

8-1 Copyright © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
 Relative Speed Ratings of
Storage Devices
• Memory
Fastest
• Hard Disk Drive
• USB Flash Drive
• CD/DVD Drive

• Floppy Disk Drive

Slowest • Tape Drive

1-2 Copyright © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
 Competencies
• Distinguish between primary and secondary
storage
• Compare internal and external hard disks
• Describe ways to improve hard-disk
operations, including disk caching,
redundant arrays of
inexpensive disks,
and data compress-
ion and decompress-
ion

8-3 Copyright © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
 Competencies
• Discuss solid-state storage devices
including flash memory and USB drives
• Discuss the different types of optical disks
• Describe Internet drives, floppy disks, and
magnetic tape
• Discuss mass storage,
mass storage devices,
and storage area
networks

8-4 Copyright © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
 Introduction
Data storage has expanded from text and
numeric files to include digital music files,
photographic files, video files, and much
more.
These new types of files require secondary
storage devices with much greater capacity
than floppy disks.

In this lecture, you will learn about the many

types of secondary storage devices including
their capabilities and limitations.
8-5 Copyright © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights
reserved.
 Storage
• Primary storage • Secondary storage
– Volatile storage – Nonvolatile storage
– Temporary – Permanent storage
storage • Secondary storage
characteristics
– Media
– Capacity
– Storage devices
– Access speed

8-6 Copyright © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
 Secondary Storage Devices
• Provides permanent or
nonvolatile storage
• Data and programs can
be retained after the
computer has been shut
off
• Most desktop
microcomputer systems
have hard and optical
disk drives

Copyright © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights

8-7 reserved.
 Hard Disks
• Use thicker, metallic platters for storage
• Faster than a floppy diskette
• Large capacity
• Sensitive instruments
• There are three types of hard disks:
– Internal Hard Disk
– External Hard Disks
– Digital Versatile Discs
• Performance Enhancements

8-8 Copyright © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
 Materials that Cause a Head
Crash
• Head crash is a disaster for a hard disk

Return
8-9 Copyright © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
 Internal Hard Disk
• Located inside system unit
• Designated as the C drive
• Advantages over other
removable media
– Capacity
– Access speed

Return
8-10 Copyright © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
 External Hard Disks

• Removable hard
disks
Hard-disk cartridge
• Used to complement
internal hard disk
• Capacities of 20 to
500 GB
PC Card Hard Disks
Return
8-11 Copyright © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
 Performance Enhancements
• Disk caching

• Redundant arrays of
inexpensive disks (RAID)

• File compression
and decompression

8-12 Copyright © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
 Solid-State Storage
• Flash memory cards
– Widely used in notebook computers
– Used to record MP3 music files
• USB Drives
– Flash drives
– Very compact
– Capacity from 1 GB to 256 GB

Return
8-13 Copyright © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
 Optical Disks
• Hold over 50 gigabytes of data
• Attributes
– Lands
– Pits
• Three types
– Compact Disc (CD)
– Digital Versatile Disc (DVD)
– Hi-Def Disc

8-14 Copyright © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
 Making IT Work for You
IPods and Videos From The Internet
• The Internet can be used as a medium to
locate and play music and videos
• A user can create compact discs, or transfer
music to a portable
player
• Requirements
– Software
– Hardware
– Internet

8-15 Copyright © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
 Compact Disc
• Optical format
• From 650 MB to 1 GB capacity
• Rotation speeds vary
• Three basic types
– Read only: CD-ROM
– Write once: CD-R
– Rewriteable: CD-RW

Return
8-16 Copyright © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
 Digital Versatile Disks
• DVD stands for digital versatile disk or
digital video disk
• DVD-ROM
• DVD+R and DVD-R
• DVD+RW, DVD-RW,
and DVD-RAM

8-17 Copyright © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
 Digital Versatile Disc
• Digital Versatile Disc or Digital Video
Disc (DVD)
• Similar to CDs, but can store more data
• Three basic types
– Read only: DVD-ROM
– Write once: DVD+R; DVD-R
– Rewritable: DVD+RW; DVD-RW; DVD-RAM

Return
8-18 Copyright © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
 High-Definition Disc
• Next generation of optical disc
• Far greater capacity than DVDs
• Three basic types
– Read only
– Write once
– Rewriteable
• Two competing hi def formats
– HD DVD
– Blu-Ray

8-19 Copyright © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
 Other Types of Secondary
Storage
• Online storage services

• Floppy disks

• Magnetic tape

8-20 Copyright © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
 Magnetic Tape
• External storage
• Provides sequential access
– Information stored in sequence
– Slower than disks which provide
direct access
• Magnetic tape streamers or tape
cartridges used by both
mainframes and
microcomputers

8-21 Copyright © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
 Mass Storage Devices
• Mass storage refers to the tremendous amount of
secondary storage required by large organizations
• Mass storage devices are specialized high-capacity
secondary storage devices
• Enterprise storage system
promotes efficient and
safe use of data across
networks within
organizations

8-22 Copyright © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
 Enterprise Storage Systems
• File servers
• Network attached storage (NAS)
• RAID systems
• Tape library
• Organizational online storage

8-23 Copyright © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
 Careers In IT
• Software engineers analyze users’ needs and
create application software
• General employer requirements
– Bachelors degree in computer science
– Extensive knowledge of computers
and technology
– Good communication and analytical skills
• Software engineers can expect to
earn an annual salary of $63,000 to $98,500

8-24 Copyright © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
 A Look to the Future
Your Entire Life Recorded on a Single Disk
• Future secondary storage disks could
eventually store one terabyte
• Experiments with three dimensional
storing
• Video of an entire life
• Technology is being used to
rapidly scan photos and videos

8-25 Copyright © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
 Open-Ended Questions(Page 1 of 2)

• What are the two types of hard disks? Describe

three ways to improve hard disk performance.
• Compare solid-state storage and hard disks.
What are the two most common optical disk
formats? What is Blu-Ray?

8-26 Copyright © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
 Open-Ended Questions (Page 2 of 2)

• Discuss online storage services, floppy disks,

and magnetic tape. What are the advantages
and disadvantages of each?
• Discuss mass storage systems including
enterprise storage systems and storage area
networks.

8-27 Copyright © 2011 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.