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SQL Server Functions

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SQL Server has many built-in functions.

This reference contains string, numeric, date, conversion, and some advanced
functions in SQL Server.

SQL Server String Functions

Function Description

ASCII Returns the ASCII value for the specific character

CHAR Returns the character based on the ASCII code

CHARINDEX Returns the position of a substring in a string

CONCAT Adds two or more strings together

Concat with + Adds two or more strings together

CONCAT_WS Adds two or more strings together with a separator

DATALENGTH Returns the number of bytes used to represent an expression

DIFFERENCE Compares two SOUNDEX values, and returns an integer value

FORMAT Formats a value with the specified format

LEFT Extracts a number of characters from a string (starting from

left)

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LOWER Converts a string to lower-case

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LTRIM Removes leading spaces from a string

NCHAR Returns the Unicode character based on the number code

PATINDEX Returns the position of a pattern in a string

QUOTENAME Returns a Unicode string with delimiters added to make the

string a valid SQL Server delimited identifier

REPLACE Replaces all occurrences of a substring within a string, with a

new substring

REPLICATE Repeats a string a specified number of times

REVERSE Reverses a string and returns the result

RIGHT Extracts a number of characters from a string (starting from

right)

RTRIM Removes trailing spaces from a string

SOUNDEX Returns a four-character code to evaluate the similarity of two

strings

SPACE Returns a string of the specified number of space characters

STR Returns a number as string

STUFF Deletes a part of a string and then inserts another part into
the string, starting at a specified position

SUBSTRING Extracts some characters from a string

TRANSLATE Returns the string from the first argument after the
characters specified in the second argument are translated
into the characters specified in the third argument.

TRIM Removes leading and trailing spaces (or other specified

characters) from a string

UNICODE Returns the Unicode value for the first character of the input
expression

UPPER Converts a string to upper-case

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SQL Server Math/Numeric Functions
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Function Description

ABS Returns the absolute value of a number

ACOS Returns the arc cosine of a number

ASIN Returns the arc sine of a number

ATAN Returns the arc tangent of a number

ATN2 Returns the arc tangent of two numbers

AVG Returns the average value of an expression

CEILING Returns the smallest integer value that is >= a number

COUNT Returns the number of records returned by a select query

COS Returns the cosine of a number

COT Returns the cotangent of a number

DEGREES Converts a value in radians to degrees

EXP Returns e raised to the power of a specified number

FLOOR Returns the largest integer value that is <= to a number

LOG Returns the natural logarithm of a number, or the logarithm of

a number to a specified base

LOG10 Returns the natural logarithm of a number to base 10

MAX Returns the maximum value in a set of values

MIN Returns the minimum value in a set of values

PI Returns the value of PI

POWER Returns the value of a number raised to the power of another

number

RADIANS Converts a degree value into radians

RAND Returns a random number

ROUND Rounds a number to a specified number of decimal places

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SIN Returns the sine of a number

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SQRT Returns the square root of a number

SQUARE Returns the square of a number

SUM Calculates the sum of a set of values

TAN Returns the tangent of a number

SQL Server Date Functions

Function Description

CURRENT_TIMESTAMP Returns the current date and time

DATEADD Adds a time/date interval to a date and then returns the

date

DATEDIFF Returns the difference between two dates

DATEFROMPARTS Returns a date from the specified parts (year, month, and
day values)

DATENAME Returns a specified part of a date (as string)

DATEPART Returns a specified part of a date (as integer)

DAY Returns the day of the month for a specified date

GETDATE Returns the current database system date and time

GETUTCDATE Returns the current database system UTC date and time

ISDATE Checks an expression and returns 1 if it is a valid date,

otherwise 0

MONTH Returns the month part for a specified date (a number

from 1 to 12)

SYSDATETIME Returns the date and time of the SQL Server

YEAR Returns the year part for a specified date

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Function Description

CAST Converts a value (of any type) into a specified datatype

COALESCE Returns the first non-null value in a list

CONVERT Converts a value (of any type) into a specified datatype

CURRENT_USER Returns the name of the current user in the SQL Server
database

IIF Returns a value if a condition is TRUE, or another value if a

condition is FALSE

ISNULL Return a specified value if the expression is NULL, otherwise

return the expression

ISNUMERIC Tests whether an expression is numeric

NULLIF Returns NULL if two expressions are equal

SESSION_USER Returns the name of the current user in the SQL Server
database

SESSIONPROPERTY Returns the session settings for a specified option

SYSTEM_USER Returns the login name for the current user

USER_NAME Returns the database user name based on the specified id

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