UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
Department of Electrical Engineering
Engineering Electromagnetic Field Theory — Class Test 1
Chapter 1: Vector Analysis
Name: ____________________ Roll No: __________________ Section: __________________
Total Marks: 25 Time Allowed: 45 minutes
Instructions: Attempt all questions. Show complete working — no marks for final answer alone. Formula sheet at the end is for
revision only and is not permitted during the actual exam.
Q1. Short Conceptual Questions (5 × 2 = 10)
(a) Differentiate between a scalar field and a vector field, giving one example of each. [2]
(b) State the condition on the dot product of two non-zero vectors A and B for them to be perpendicular. Hence
find k for which P = 3ax − 2ay + kaz and Q = ax + 4ay − 2az are perpendicular. [2]
(c) Write the differential volume element dv in rectangular, cylindrical, and spherical coordinate systems. [2]
(d) A vector A has components Ax = 4, Ay = −3. Find the unit vector aA in the direction of A, and verify |aA| = 1.
[2]
(e) State two physical differences between the cross product and the dot product of two vectors. [2]
Q2. Vector Algebra — Dot and Cross Product (5)
Given A = 2ax + 3ay − az and B = −ax + ay + 2az:
(a) Find A · B and the angle between A and B. [3]
(b) Find A × B, and hence find the area of the parallelogram formed by A and B. [2]
Q3. Coordinate Transformation (5)
(a) Transform the point P(x=3, y=−4, z=5) into cylindrical coordinates. [2]
(b) Transform the vector F = x ax + y ay + z az into spherical coordinates. [3]
Q4. Points, Vectors, and Fields (5)
(a) Points M(2,−1,3) and N(−1,3,4) are given. Find the vector RMN and the unit vector aMN. [2]
(b) A vector field is given by H = [10 / (x²+y²+z²)] (x ax + y ay + z az). Evaluate H at the point (1,2,2) and find its
magnitude. [3]
FORMULA SHEET — CHAPTER 1: VECTOR ANALYSIS
(Complete — all formulas from the chapter, not only those tested above)
1.2 Vector Algebra
Commutative law A+B=B+A
Associative law A + (B + C) = (A + B) + C
Distributive law r(A + B) = rA + rB
Subtraction A − B = A + (−B)
Equality A = B iff A − B = 0
1.3 Rectangular Coordinate System
Point P Intersection of x=const, y=const, z=const
Differential volume dv = dx dy dz
Differential surfaces dS = dx dy , dy dz , dz dx
Distance (adjacent pts) d = √(dx² + dy² + dz²)
1.4 Vector Components & Unit Vectors
General vector A = Ax ax + Ay ay + Az az
Magnitude |A| = √(Ax² + Ay² + Az²)
Unit vector aA = A / |A|
Position vector rP = xP ax + yP ay + zP az
Point-to-point vector RPQ = rQ − rP
1.5 The Vector Field
Vector field G(r) = Gx(r) ax + Gy(r) ay + Gz(r) az
Scalar field T(r) — single value, no direction
1.6 The Dot Product
Definition A · B = |A||B| cos θAB
Component form A · B = AxBx + AyBy + AzBz
Self dot product A · A = |A|²
Scalar component of B along a Ba = B · a
Vector component of B along a (B · a) a
Perpendicularity A · B = 0 (A, B ≠ 0)
1.7 The Cross Product
Definition A × B = |A||B| sin θAB aN (right-hand rule)
Determinant form A × B = | ax ay az ; Ax Ay Az ; Bx By Bz |
Anti-commutative A × B = −(B × A)
Distributive A × (B+C) = A×B + A×C
Area of parallelogram |A × B|
Area of triangle ½ |A × B|
Parallel condition A × B = 0 (A, B ≠ 0)
1.8 Circular Cylindrical Coordinates
Coordinate relations x = ρ cosφ , y = ρ sinφ , z = z
Inverse relations ρ = √(x²+y²) , φ = tan⁻¹(y/x)
ax· , ay· , az· dot products aρ: cosφ, sinφ, 0 | aφ: −sinφ, cosφ, 0 | az: 0,0,1
Differential volume dv = ρ dρ dφ dz
Differential length dL = dρ aρ + ρ dφ aφ + dz az
Differential surfaces dS = ρ dφ dz , dρ dz , ρ dρ dφ
1.9 Spherical Coordinate System
Coordinate relations x = r sinθ cosφ , y = r sinθ sinφ , z = r cosθ
Inverse relations r=√(x²+y²+z²), θ=cos⁻¹(z/r), φ=tan⁻¹(y/x)
ax·,ay·,az· dot products ar: sinθcosφ, sinθsinφ, cosθ | aθ: cosθcosφ, cosθsinφ, −sinθ | aφ:
−sinφ, cosφ, 0
Differential volume dv = r² sinθ dr dθ dφ
Differential length dL = dr ar + r dθ aθ + r sinθ dφ aφ
Differential surfaces dS = r² sinθ dθ dφ , r sinθ dr dφ , r dr dθ
— End of Paper —