Biological

science
Spoorthi book
Study material
10th class

Student name :
Class :
Section :
Roll number :
School name :

created by devaraj
 Chapter 5:life processes
LEVEL-1: RISING STAR
8 MARKS QUESTIONS

[Link] do you test the presence of starch in leaf?

Ans. Aim: To show the effect of saliva on starch.
Apparatus: Test tubes, water, flour, iodine solution, watch glass, saliva.
Procedure:
●​ Take a test tube half filled with water and add a pinch of flour to it.
●​ Shake the test tube well till the flour gets mixed.
●​ Now divide the mixture into two halves.
●​ Add 1 ml of saliva to one of the test tubes and mark it. Do not add anything to
another test tube.
●​ After some time, add a few drops of dilute iodine solution to the test tubes. Now
observe the colour of the solutions in the test tubes.
Observation: The solution with saliva does not turn blue, whereas the solution without
saliva turns blue black, indicating the presence of starch.
Conclusion: Saliva contains an amylase enzyme that acts on starch and breaks it into
simple sugars. So, the solution with saliva does not change to blue colour due to the lack of
starch.
Precautions:
Collect fresh saliva to ensure active enzyme presence. Use clean and dry test tubes to avoid
contamination of samples.
[Link] do you prove that carbon dioxide is necessary for photosynthesis?
Ans. Aim: To prove that CO, is necessary for photosynthesis.
Apparatus: two potted plants, watch glass, potassium hydroxide solution, two bell jars,
Vaseline, iodine solution.
Procedure:
●​ Take two healthy potted plants that are nearly the same size.
●​ Keep them in a dark room for three days.
●​ Now, place each plant on a separate glass plate.
●​ Place a watch glass containing KOH by the side of one of the plants.
●​ The KOH is used to absorb CO₂.
●​ Cover both plants with separate bell jars.
●​ Keep the plants in-sunlight for about two hours.
●​ After two hours, pluck a leaf from each plant and test the leaves for starch

created by devaraj
Observation: The leaf of the plant present in the jar without KOH solution turns into
blue-black colour. Whereas the leaf of the plant in the jar with KOH does not change colour
as in the absence of CO, the plant cannot produce starch.
Conclusion: It is proved that CO, is necessary for Photosynthesis.
Precautions:
●​ Ensure that the bell jars are properly sealed to prevent air exchange.
●​ Use forceps to handle the leaves throughout the experiment.
[Link] flow chart showing breakdown of Glucose molecule by various pathways.

[Link] do you prove that chlorophyll is needed for photosynthesis ?

Aim: To prove that chlorophyll is necessary for photosynthesis.

Apparatus: Potted plant with variegated leaves - croton or money plant, alcohol, Iodine

created by devaraj
Production:
●​ Take a potted plant with variegated leaves, ex. Money plant or crotons
●​ Keep the plant in a dark room for 3 days to destarch the plant.
●​ Then keep the plant facing the sunlight for about 6 hours.
●​ Pluck the leaf from the plant. Mark the green areas in it and trace them on a sheet of
paper.
●​ Dip the leaf in boiling water for a few minutes.
●​ After this, immerse it in a beaker containing alcohol.
●​ Carefully place the beaker in a water bath and heat till the alcohol begins to boil.
●​ Now dip the leaf in a dilute solution of iodine for a few minutes.
●​ Take out the leaf and rinse off the iodine solution.
●​ Observe the colour of the leaf and compare the tracing of the leaf on the paper
Observation: The green areas of the leaf turn into blue-black colour, indicating the presence
of starch. The non-green areas of the leaf do not change colour, indicating the absence of
starch.
Conclusion: It proves that photosynthesis occurs only in the green parts of variegated
leaves, which contain chlorophyll.
Precautions:
Ensure that the leaf is fully submerged in alcohol during the decolourisation.
Use forceps to handle the leaves throughout the experiment.
5. Conduct an experiment that light is necessary for photosynthesis ?
Ans. Aim: To prove that chlorophyll is necessary for photosynthesis.
Apparatus: Potted plant with variegated leaves croton or money plant, alcohol, Iodine

Procedure:
●​ Take a potted plant.
●​ Keep the plant in a dark room for 3 days.
●​ On the day of the experiment, take the plant out and cover one of its leaves with a
black paper
●​ Fix the paper on the leaf with clips.
●​ Keep the plant in sunlight for about two hours.
●​ After two hours, pluck the leaf, remove the paper and test the leaves for starch.
●​ The part of the leaf exposed to sunlight turns into blue black colour, the remaining
part of the leaf covered by black paper does not change its colour.
●​ This proves that sunlight is essential for photosynthesis.

created by devaraj
6. How do you distinguish/differentiate between Arteries from veins ?
Ans.
Arteries Veins

1. Carry blood from the heart to the body 1. Blood vessels that bring blood towards
parts. heart.

2 Walls are thick. 2. Walls are thin.

3. Valves are absent. 3. Valves are present

4. They retain their shape. 4. They collapse (when blood is absent).

5. Blood pressure is high. [Link] pressure is low

6. Carries oxygenated blood. 6. Carries deoxygenated blood.

7. Pulmonary artery carries de-oxygenated 7. Pulmonary vein carries oxygenated

blood. blood.

8. Lumen is small. 8. Lumen is big.

7. Explain the stages of Nutrition in Amoeba by following the diagram.

Ans.a) Amoeba approaching the food particle.
b) Extensions of the plasma membrane forming pseudopodia to surround the food particle.
c) Engulfed the food partiele and formed a food vacuole.
d) Complex substances are broken down into simple ones and diffuse into the cytoplasm

4. MARKS QUESTIONS

created by devaraj
[Link] differences between Autotrophic Nutrition and heterotrophic nutrition ?
Ans
Auto Trophic Nutrition Heterotrophic Nutrition

[Link] prepare their food by the [Link] depend on other organisms

process of photosynthesis. such as plants or animals.
[Link] is required. [Link] is not required.
[Link] is generally prepared during the [Link] can be obtained at any time.
daytime. [Link]:Animals and fungi.
[Link]: Plants and some bacteria. These organisms are called heterotrophs.
These organisms are called autotrophs.

[Link] are the steps involved in the process of photosynthesis ? The events that
occur in the photosynthesis process are,
Ans:1. Absorption of light energy by chlorophyll
2. Conversion of light energy to chemical energy and splitting of water molecules into
hydrogen and oxygen.
3. Reduction of carbon dioxide to carbohydrates.
[Link] a neat labeled diagram showing cross section of leaf.

[Link] the given diagram and answer the following questions?

a) What does this picture indicate ?

created by devaraj
b) Identify the parts A and B.
c) What happens if this organ is not present in the leaf?
Ans:a) Stomata of leaves
b) Guard cells and stomatal pore
c) Gaseous exchange and transpiration stop, photosynthesis is reduced, and the plant
cannot survive.
12. Observe the given diagrams and answer the questions?

a) What does the given diagram represent?

b) Identify parts A and B.
c) What are the finger like projections in the picture called ?
Ans.a) stages of Nutrition in the amoeba
b) Nucleus and food particle
c) Pseudopodia
13. What questions would you like to ask a dentist ?
Ans.1. How many times should I brush daily?
2. What is the correct brushing method?
3. Which toothpaste is best for healthy teeth?
4. How can tooth decay be prevented?
5. Why do gums bleed while brushing ?
6. How often should dental check-ups be done?
7. Which foods damage teeth ?
8. How can teeth be kept strong?
14. What questions would you like to pose, if you get a chance to meet a cardiologist?
Ans.1. What are the common causes of a heart attack?
2. What food materials should be taken to keep the heart healthy ?
3. What changes should I make in my lifestyle to keep my heart healthy ?
4. What kind of exercises improve the health of my heart?
5. How does my family history impact my heart health?
15. Write slogans to create awareness on organ donation.

created by devaraj
Ans. 1. Save life after life.
2. Let your life go on in someone's body.
3. A second chance is in your hands.
4. You will live on even after you are gone.
5. Be a champion, be an organ donor.
16. What are the differences between combustion and respiration ?
Ans.
Combustion Respiration

1. It is a fast process that releases energy 1. It is a slow process that releases energy
suddently. in steps.
2. Occurs outside the living cell. 2. Occurs inside the living cell.
3. Produces heat and light. 3. Produces energy (ATP) usable by cells.
4. Requires high temperature to start. 4. Occurs at body temperature.
17. What are the differences between aerobic and an aerobic respiration.
Ans.
Aerobic respiration Anaerobic respiration

1. Requires oxygen. 1. Does not require oxygen.

2. It occurs in the Cytoplasm and 2. It occurs only in the cytoplasm.
Mitochondria. 3. Glucose is broken down partially.
3. Glucose breakdown completely. 4. End products are carbon dioxide, ethanol
4. End products are Carbon dioxide and or lactic acid.
Water. 5. Less energy is released.
5. More energy is released. 6. It occurs in yeast, some bacteria and
6. It occurs in plant and animal cells. human muscle cells.

18. Read the flow chart and answer the following questions.

a) What does the flow chart indicate ?

b) Name the place where lactic acid is formed?
c) What is the starting factor in this reaction?
d) Name the products formed after there action in mitochondria.
Ans.a) Break-down of glucose by various pathways
b) In our muscle cells

created by devaraj
c) Glucose
d) Carbon dioxide, water and energy.
19. What type of questions you would like to ask if you get a chance to meet a
gastroenterologist
Ans.1. What are the major causes of gastritis?
2. What precautions have to be taken to prevent gastritis?
3. How are peptic ulcers caused?
4. What diet-related habits should we follow to keep out digestive system bealthy ?
20. How do plants manage their wastes?
Ans. 1. Plants excrete Carbon dioxide released during the respiration process through the
stomata leaves and lenticels la stem and roots.
2. They send out excess water through Transpiration.
3. For the management of other wastes, they undergo various methods.
4. They get rid of their wastes through falling dead leaves.
5. They store some wastes like resins and gums in xylem vessels. These wastes are used
for healing wounds.
6. Plants also excrete some waste substances into the soil around them.
2. MARKSQUESTIONS:

21. Write an equation for photosynthesis.

Ans, CO₂ +12 H₂O—------->C6H1206+602+6H₂O
22. What is the role of HC/ in the human digestive system?
Ans. 1. The HC/kills the bacteria present in the food.
2. HC/creates the acidic medium that activates the enzyme pepsin.
23. What does 120 it indicate?
80
Ans. 1. It indicates the normal blood pressure.
2. The pressure maintained inside the artery during ventricular systole is called systolic
pressure It is generally about 120mm of Hg.
3. The pressure in the artery during ventricular diastole is called diastolic pressure. It is
generally about 80 mm of Hg.
24. Read the passage and write answers for given questions.
a) What changes happen when tooth decay starts?
a) When are acids release?
b) How is plaque formed ?
c) What should we do when we get dental caries?
Ans a) Tooth decay causes gradual softening of enamel and dentine.
b) Acids are released when bacteria break down sugars.
c) Masses of bacterial cells together with food particles stick to the teeth to form dental
plaque
d) We should consult a dentist.
1 MARK QUESTIONS:

25. What are the materials required for photosynthesis ?

Ans. The raw materials required for the process of photosynthesis are carbon dioxide, water,
chloro-phyll, and solar energy.

created by devaraj
[Link] xylem is responsible for in plants.

a)Transport of water b) transport of food c) transport of Amino Acids d)Transport of

oxygen
Ans:a) transport of water
[Link] is nutrition ?
Ans:The intake of food into the body of the organism is called nutrition.

[Link] does not occur in which part of alimentary canal ?

ans:Large intestine
29Expand ATP?
ans:.Adenosine Tri Phosphate.

30:What is the instrument used by doctors for measuring B.P.?

Ans: Sphygmomanometer
31. What is plasma ?
Ans. Plasma is the liquid part of blood that carries blood cells, nutrients, hormones, and
wastes through-out the body.
32. Finger like projections in small intestine are called
Ans. villi.
33. Why are cartilaginous rings present in trachea?
Ans. Cartilaginous rings are present in the trachea to prevent it from collapsing and to keep
the air passage open.
34. Which one will have a longer small intestine? A goat or a tiger. Why?
Ans. A goat is a herbivore. It needs a longer small intestine to allow the cellulose to be
digested.
35. What will happen if HC/ is not secreted in the stomach ?
Ans. If HC/ is not secreted in the stomach, protein digestion will not occur.
36. What will happen if the respiratory tract is not moist or there is no mucus ?
Ans. 1. If the respiratory tract is not moist, the dirt particles in the inhaled air will reach the
lungs and create problems.
2. The temperature of inhaled air will not be brought close to body temperature.
37. What will happen if the platelets are not present in the blood?
Ans. If platelets are absent in the blood, clot formation at injuries would not occur. It may
lead to continuous blood loss and even death.
38. What is digestive juice without enzymes? Give an example for parasitic nutrition in
plants.
Ans. Bile juice does not have any digestive enzymes.
An example of a parasitic plant is Cuscuta.

created by devaraj