Grade 4 Mathematics Lesson: Mastering Basic Operations on Fractions
SESSION GUIDE
Grade Level: Grade 4
Learning Area: Mathematics
Quarter: 2
Lesson Title: Mastering Basic Operations on Fractions
Time Allotment: 60 minutes
Most Essential Learning Competency (MELC):
- Adds and subtracts similar and dissimilar fractions without and with regrouping (M4NS-
IIc-33)
- Multiplies and divides fractions with whole numbers (M4NS-IId-38)
I. Objectives
1. Add and subtract similar and dissimilar fractions with and without regrouping.
2. Multiply and divide fractions with whole numbers.
3. Solve real-life problems involving operations on fractions.
4. Demonstrate accuracy and perseverance in solving fraction problems.
II. Subject Matter
Topic: Operations on Fractions
Materials: Visual aids, number strips, fraction circles, activity sheets
Values Integration: Patience and thoroughness in solving problems
III. Procedure
A. Pre-Activity / Review (5 minutes)
- Review fractions using visuals like pizza slices or fraction strips.
- Ask learners to name the fractions shown on the board.
- Example: Show 1/2 + 1/4 using colored paper circles.
B. Motivation (5 minutes)
- Ask: 'If you ate 1/4 of a cake and your brother ate 2/4, how much did you eat together?'
- Engage learners by drawing a cake model on the board to visualize their answers.
1. C. Lesson Proper (45 minutes)
1. Presentation (10 minutes): Use a chart to show how to add and subtract similar fractions
(same denominators). Use fraction strips or circle models. Then, introduce finding the least
common denominator (LCD) for dissimilar fractions.
2. Discussion (10 minutes): Explain that we 'add numerators and keep the same
denominator' for similar fractions. For dissimilar, find LCD. Show examples for each
operation. Then, demonstrate multiplying a whole number and a fraction (e.g., 3 × 1/4 =
3/4) and dividing whole numbers by fractions (e.g., 6 ÷ 1/2 = 12).
3. Guided Practice (10 minutes): Solve together:
a. 2/5 + 1/5
b. 3/4 − 1/4
c. 3 × 2/3
d. 5 ÷ 1/2
e. Ana has 3/4 m ribbon, used 1/2. How much is left?
4. Group Activity (10 minutes): Distribute task cards with word problems. Each group
answers and presents solutions. Sample: 'Ben ate 1/3 pizza, Carla ate 1/6. How much in
total?'
- Let learners draw and explain using illustrations.
5. Reflection and Checking (5 minutes): Go over answers together. Ask: 'What strategies
helped you solve fraction problems today?'
Pre-Test (5 items, multiple choice)
Direction: Choose the letter of the correct answer.
1. What is 1/4 + 2/4?
A. 1/2
B. 3/4
C. 2/8
D. 1
Answer: B
2. Subtract: 5/6 − 1/6
A. 4/6
B. 5/5
C. 1/5
D. 3/6
Answer: A
3. Multiply: 2 × 3/5
A. 5/5
B. 6/5
C. 3/10
D. 6/10
Answer: B
4. Divide: 4 ÷ 2/3
A. 6
B. 2/6
C. 3/2
D. 5
Answer: A
5. What is 2/3 + 1/6?
A. 3/6
B. 1/2
C. 3/4
D. 5/6
Answer: D
👨🏫 Guided Practice
1. Add: 2/5 + 1/5
2. Subtract: 3/4 − 1/4
3. Multiply: 3 × 2/3
4. Divide: 5 ÷ 1/2
5. Solve: Ana has 3/4 meter of ribbon. She used 1/2 meter. How much is left?
✍️Practice (Independent Work)
1. 4/5 − 2/5
2. 2/3 + 3/6
3. Multiply: 2/4 × 4
4. Divide: 6 ÷ 1/3
5. Word Problem: Ben has 2 1/2 pizzas. He gives 1/2 to each of 5 friends. Is it enough?
🧩 Exercises
🔢 Exercise A: Solve the following
1. 7/8 − 3/8
2. 1/2 + 2/3
3. 4 × 1/4
4. 8 ÷ 2/5
5. 2/3 + 1/3 − 1/6
📘 Exercise B: Word Problems
1. Carla baked a pie. She ate 1/6, and her brother ate 1/3. How much did they eat in
total?
2. A tank has 3/4 liter of water. If 1/2 liter is poured out, how much remains?
3. A pack of flour weighs 1/2 kg. How much do 6 packs weigh?
4. Mario divided 3 bars of chocolate into pieces of 1/3 each. How many pieces did he
get?
✅ Post-Test (5 items)
1. 3/5 + 2/5 =
A. 1
B. 5/10
C. 1/5
D. 4/5
Answer: A
2. Subtract: 7/10 − 4/10 =
A. 2/5
B. 3/10
C. 1/2
D. 5/10
Answer: B
3. Multiply: 5 × 1/6
A. 5/6
B. 1/5
C. 6/5
D. 5/1
Answer: A
4. Divide: 9 ÷ 1/3
A. 3
B. 6
C. 27
D. 12
Answer: C
5. Which is the correct sum of 1/2 and 1/3?
A. 3/6
B. 4/5
C. 5/6
D. 7/6
Answer: C