MEHRAN UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, JAMSHORO
Sixth Semester 16EL-I,II,III
Dr. Muhammad Mujtaba Shaikh
STATISTICS AND PROBABILITY
PROBLEM SHEET # 03 (May 11, 2018)
(1) State and prove Total Probability and Baye’s theorems.
(2) If A and B are independent events then show that:
P A B 1 1 P A 1 P B
(3) The probability of event A is 0.25, the probability of event B is 0.10, and A and B are independent
events. What is the probability of the event A or B?
(4) Four devices A, B, C and D are connected in a series-parallel system as follows. The probability
that each devices operates successfully is also given. Find the probability that this system operates
from points I to II, given that all devices can work independently.
(5) For constant rate of input, the rate of output of the following system is determined by whether
the devices A, B, and C operate. Probability that these devices operate individually is also shown.
If all of A, B, and C operate independently, find the probability of successful operation.
(6) In a Hardware company, three brands of HDs in three different sizes are manufactured. The
production in a particular month is shown in the following table.
Brand-I Brand-II Brand-III
80 GB 10 06 08
100 GB 06 04 02
160 GB 05 04 05
A HD is selected at random. What is the probability that, (i) 80-GB of Brand-II HD is selected (ii)
100-GB or 160-GB HD is selected (iii) Brand-I HD is selected given that it is 160-GB HD (iv) 80-GB
HD is not selected.
Teacher: Dr. Muhammad Mujtaba Shaikh
Assistant Professor (Mathematics), Department of Basic Sciences and Related Studies, M.U.E.T, Jamshoro.
Blog: http//:[Link]
Email: [Link]@[Link] Page 1
(7) An employer wishes to hire three people from a group of 15 applicants, 8 men and 7 women, all of
whom are equally qualified to fill the position. If he selects three at random, what is the
probability that:
(i) All three will be women,
(ii) At least one will be a man?
(iii) There’ll be 1 man?
(iv) There’ll be no man?
(8) In a hospital unit there are 8 nurses and 5 physicians; 7 nurses and 3 physicians are females. If a
staff person is selected, find the probability that the subject is a nurse or a male.
(9) The Contingency table below represents the university degrees awarded in a recent academic year
by gender.
Bachelor’s Master’s Doctorate
Men 573,079 211,381 24,341
Women 775,424 301,264 21,683
If a degree is chosen at random. Find the probability that it is:
(a) A bachelor’s degree (b) A doctorate or a degree awarded to a woman
(c) A doctorate awarded to a woman (d) Not a master’s degree
(e) awarded to a woman given that the degree is of doctorate
(10) Let A be the event that a family has children of both sexes and B be the even that a family has at
most one boy. If a family is known to have
(i) three children, then show that A and B are independent events.
(ii) four children then show that A and B are dependent events.
(11) Traffic Police plans to enforce speed limits by using radar traps at four different locations within
the city limits. The radar traps at each of the locations A, B, C and D are operated 35%, 30%, 20%
and 15% of the time, and if a person speeding on his way to work has probabilities 2%, 1%, 5%,
and 2% respectively, of passing through these locations. What is the probability that he will
receive a speeding ticket from location B?
(12) A computer disk manufacturer has three locations that produce computer disks. The Omaha plant
produces 30% of the disks, of which 0.5% are defective. The Memphis plant produces 50% of the
disks, of which 0.75% are defective. The Kansas City plant produces the remaining 20%, of which
0.25% are defective. If a disk is purchased at a store and found to be defective, what is the
probability that it was manufactured by the Omaha plant?
(13) A table at a CD shop has three identical boxes, each with two identical drawers containing exactly
1 CD (each). In the first box both drawers contain defective CDs. In the second box both drawers
contain non-defective CDs. In the third box one drawer contains a defective CD, and the other
contains a non-defective CD. A man wants to purchase a CD from that shop. If shopkeeper selects a
box at random, opens a drawer at random, what is the probability that the sold CD was defective?
(14) A table at a CD shop has three identical boxes, each with two identical drawers containing exactly
1 CD (each). In the first box both drawers contain defective CDs. In the second box both drawers
Teacher: Dr. Muhammad Mujtaba Shaikh
Assistant Professor (Mathematics), Department of Basic Sciences and Related Studies, M.U.E.T, Jamshoro.
Blog: http//:[Link]
Email: [Link]@[Link] Page 2
contain non-defective CDs. In the third box one drawer contains a defective CD, and the other
contains a non-defective CD. A man wants to purchase a CD from that shop. If shopkeeper selects a
box at random, opens a drawer at random and finds a defective CD, what is the probability that
the other drawer in that box contains a non-defective CD?
(15) Three different companies Cl, C2, and C3 produce 8GB USBs. Companies Cl, C2, and C3 produce 20%,
30% and 50% of the USBs respectively. The probabilities that the companies produce defective
USBs are: 1% for C1, 2% for C2, and 3% for C3. If a person purchases a USB that is selected
randomly from a large batch, and it is found to be defective, find the probability that it was
produced: (a) by C2, and (b) by C3.
(16) It is known that 60% of a class is female, 50% is majoring in chemical or electrical engineering,
and 25% is female and majoring in chemical or electrical engineering. What percentage of class is
female or majoring in chemical or electrical engineering?
(17) An engineer selects a sample of 5 iPods from a shipment of 100 that contains 5 defectives. Find the
probability that the sample contains at least one defective.
(18) Suppose 1% of parts have type 1 defect and 2% have type 2 defect and 0.5% have both types of
defects. A part is known to have type 1 defect. What is the probability that it has type 2 defect?
(19) A plant has three suppliers. S1 supplies 30% of the parts to the plant, S2 supplies 50% of the parts,
and S3 supplies the remaining 20%. One percent of the parts supplied by S 1 are defective, two
percent of the parts supplied by S2 are defective, and three percent of the parts supplied by S3 are
defective. What is the probability that a part chosen randomly is found to be (i) defective,
(ii) non-defective.
(20) One thousand copper rods have the properties shown in the following table.
(i) Find the probability that the rod meets the diameter specifications if it is known that the
rod meets the length specifications.
(ii) If the rod meets the diameter specifications, find the probability the rod meets the length
specifications.
(iii) Find the unconditional probability that the rod meets the length specifications.
(iv) Are the events “the rod meets the length specifications” and “the rod meets the diameter
specifications” dependent or independent?
(21) A resistor in a certain circuit is specified to have a resistance in the range of 99 ohms to 101 ohms.
An engineer obtains two resistors. The probability that exactly one of them meets the specification
is 0.60, and the probability that neither of them meets the specifications is 0.10. Find the
probability that both of them meet the specification. Find the probability that either of them meets
the specifications.
“Teachers can open the door, but you must enter by yourself!”
Teacher: Dr. Muhammad Mujtaba Shaikh
Assistant Professor (Mathematics), Department of Basic Sciences and Related Studies, M.U.E.T, Jamshoro.
Blog: http//:[Link]
Email: [Link]@[Link] Page 3