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1. How World Health Organisation (WHO) defines  Answer

reproductive health? (Score: 2) • Give awareness about reproduction related aspects
 Answer to create a reproductively healthy society.
Reproductive health is a total well-being in all aspects • Educate about birth control, care of pregnant
of reproduction i.e., physical, emotional, behavioural mothers, post-natal care, importance of breast
& social. feeding, gender justice etc.
2. Complete the following sentences: (Score: 1) • Awareness of problems of population explosion,
(a) India initiated reproductive health programmes social evils like sex-abuse, sex-related crimes, etc.
called ………………. in 1951. 4. Is sex education necessary in school? Justify. (What
(b) Improved programmes covering wider are the aims and needs of sex education in schools?)
reproduction related areas are in operation (Score: 2)
under ………………. Programmes.  Answer
 Answer Yes. Sex education is necessary in school.
(a) Family Planning (a) Give right information about sex-related aspects to
(b) Reproductive & Child Health Care (RCH) avoid sex-related myths and misconceptions.
3. Briefly explain the important roles of reproductive (b) Educate about reproductive organs, adolescence, safe
health programmes such as RCH. (Score: 2) & hygienic sexual practices, STDs, AIDS etc.
5. According to the 2011 census report, our population  Answer
growth rate was less than 2%, a rate at which our (a) ● User-friendly, easily available and reversible.
population could increase rapidly. ● No or least side-effects.
Cite the probable reasons for such an increase in ● It should not affect sexual drive, desire or activity.
population growth rate. (Score: 2) (b) Natural methods, Barriers, IUDs, contraceptive
 Answer pills, Injectables, Implants & Surgical methods.
Reasons for population explosion: 8. Removal of gonads cannot be considered as
a. Increased health facilities and better living contraceptive method. Why? (Score: 2)
conditions.  Answer
b. A rapid decline in death rate, maternal mortality Contraceptives are used to prevent pregnancy. An
rate (MMR) and infant mortality rate (IMR). ideal contraceptive should not affect the sexual drive,
c. Increase in number of people in reproducible desire or sexual act. It should also be reversible. But
age. removal of gonads is an irreversible process and will
6. What are the control measures for population lead to infertility. Also, gonads produce hormones
explosion? (Score: 2) essential for the body.
 Answer 9. Consider the given contraceptive methods: (Score: 3)
• Encourage small families with contraception. Lactational amenorrhea, Condoms, Oral

POPULATION STABILIZATION & BIRTH CONTROL

• Give incentives to smaller families. contraceptive pills.
• Statutory rising of marriageable age. (a) Which method is more desirable? Why?
7. Using various contraceptive methods helps to (b) Mention 2 contraceptive methods coming under
promote smaller families. (Score: 3) the category of Lactational amenorrhea. What are
(a) What are the properties of an ideal the advantage and disadvantage of these
contraceptive? methods?
(b) Mention various types of contraceptive methods.  Answer

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(a) Condoms. They are effective and have no side (b) Coitus interruptus (withdrawal): Withdrawal of
effects. Also, they can prevent STDs. penis from the vagina just before ejaculation to
(b) Periodic abstinence & Coitus interruptus. avoid insemination.
Advantage: These are natural contraceptive (c) Lactational amenorrhea: It is the absence of
methods and have no side effects. Disadvantage: menstrual cycle and ovulation due to intense
Chances of failure are high. lactation after parturition. Fully breastfeeding
10. Condoms are more popular than other contraceptive increases lactation. This can prevent conception.
devices. Give reasons. (Score: 2) It is effective up to 6 months following parturition.
 Answer 14. (a) Name any 4 contraceptive barriers. (Score: 2) (b)
• It protects the user from STIs and AIDS. How to increase contraceptive efficiency of barriers?
• Easily available and disposable.  Answer
• It can be self-inserted and so give privacy to user. (a) Condoms, Diaphragms, Cervical caps and Vaults.
11. Match the following: (Score: 3) (b) Spermicidal creams, jellies & foams are used
 Answer along with the barriers to increase contraceptive
A B C efficiency.
Lactational Natural 15. ………………. are ideal method to delay pregnancy or
Breastfeeding space children. (Score: 1)
amenorrhea method
Inserts in  Answer: Intra Uterine Devices (IUDs)
IUD Lippes loop
uterus 16. Complete the chart given below: (Score: 2)
Sterilization Vasectomy Reversibility is poor A Lippes loop
Oral
Saheli ‘Once a week’ CuT
contraceptive
12. Note the relationship between the first two words Copper releasing Cu7
and fill up the fourth place. (Score: 2) (a) Male: Types of IUDs
Vasectomy Female: ………………. IUDs B
(b) LNG-20: Hormone releasing IUD Multiload
375: ………………. Progestasert
(c) IUD: Intra-Uterine Device IUI: ………………. CD
(d) Diaphragm: Barrier LNG-20: ……………….
 Answer
 Answer
A. Non-medicated IUDs
(a) Tubectomy B. Multiload 375
(b) Copper releasing IUD C. Hormone releasing IUDs
(c) Intra-Uterine Insemination D. LNG-20
(d) Intra-Uterine Device 17. Identify the diagram and write how it acts. (Score: 2)
13. Briefly explain the following types of
natural/traditional contraceptive methods.
(a) Periodic abstinence
(b) Coitus interruptus
(c) Lactational amenorrhea (Score: 3)
 Answer
(a) Periodic  Answer
abstinence:
menstrual cycle to prevent conception. It is CuT. It releases Cu ions that suppress motility and
fertilizing capacity of sperms.

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18. Find out the odd one from the following. Write the 22. (a) Name a new contraceptive pill developed by
reason. (Score: 1) Central Drug Research Institute (CDRI, Lucknow).
a. Cu T b. Cu 7 (b) What are the advantages of this pill? (Score: 2)
c. LNG-20 d. Multiload- 375  Answer
 Answer (a) Saheli.
Odd one: LNG-20. It is hormone releasing IUD. Others (b) ● It contains a non-steroidal preparation.
are Cu releasing IUD. ● It is a ‘once a week’ pill.
19. One among the contraceptive method is peculiar. Find ● Very few side effects.
the odd one. What is common among others? a. ● High contraceptive value.
Periodic abstinence b. Coitus interruptus 23. (a) Identify the picture given below.
c. Lactational amenorrhea d. IUDs (Score: 1) (b) Compare their ingredients and action with a
 Answer contraceptive pill. (Score: 2)
IUDs. Others are natural/traditional methods of
contraception.
20. IUDs are effective birth control measures, but
lactational amenorrhea may not be so effective.
(a) Which part of the female reproductive organ is
utilized for the IUD procedure? How this  Answer
procedure prevents pregnancy? (1) (a) Implants.
(b) Why the lactational amenorrhea is not so (b) They contain Progestogens or
effective? (1) (Score: 2) Progestogensoestrogen combination as in a
 Answer contraceptive pill.
(a) Uterus. IUDs increase phagocytosis of sperms, So their mode of action is like that of pills but
retard motility and fertilizing capacity of sperms. effective periods are much longer.
Some IUDs make the uterus unsuitable for 24. (a) Give examples for emergency contraceptives.
implantation and the cervix hostile to the (b) How soon after intercourse should they be used?
sperms. (c) Mention their advantages. (Score: 2)
(b) This is effective only up to 6 months following  Answer
parturition. Chances of failure are high. (a) Progestogens or progestogen-oestrogen
21. (a) What is meant by oral contraceptives? (b) Explain combinations & IUDs.
how these should be used. (b) Within 72 hours of coitus.
(c) Mention their action. (c) It avoids pregnancy due to rape or casual
 Answer intercourse.
(a) Oral contraceptives are some tablets (pills) taken 25. Categorize the given birth control methods into three
by mouth to prevent pregnancy. They contain groups with proper heads. (Score: 3)
progestogens or progestogen-oestrogen Cervical caps, Vasectomy, CuT, Tubectomy,
combinations. Diaphragms, Condoms, Lippes loop
(b) Pills are taken daily for 21 days starting within the  Answer
first five days of menstrual cycle. After a 7-day
Barriers Surgical methods IUDs
gap (menstruation period), it should be repeated
Cervical caps Vasectomy CuT
in same pattern till the female desires to prevent
conception. Diaphragms Tubectomy Lippes loop
(c) They inhibit ovulation & implantation and thicken Condoms
cervical mucus to prevent entry of sperms.

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26. Diagram shown below are two surgical methods used (a) Vasectomy: In this, a small part of the vas
for sterilization. Identify them. (Score: 2) deferens is removed or tied up through a small
incision on the scrotum.
Tubectomy: In this, a small part of the fallopian
tube is removed or tied up through a small
incision in abdomen or through vagina.
(b) Advantage: It is very effective.
Disadvantage: Reversibility is very poor.
 Answer 28. What are the side effects of anti-natural
contraceptives?
A= Vasectomy (sterilization in male)
(Score: 2)
B= Tubectomy (sterilization in female)
 Answer
27. Vasectomy and tubectomy are two types of Surgical
sterilization procedures in male and female. Nausea, abdominal pain, breakthrough bleeding,
(a) Briefly explain these procedures. irregular menstrual bleeding, breast cancer etc.
(b) Mention their advantage and disadvantage. 33. (a) Expand and define STI/STD.
(b) Give 3 examples for STDs that are not completely
 Answer
curable. (Score: 3)
 Answer
MEDICAL TERMINATION OF PREGNANCY (MTP)
29. Government of India legalised MTP in 1971 with some(b) Is this ban necessary? Why?
strict conditions to check illegal female foeticides.(c)
Comment on use of amniocentesis. (Score: 3)
Justify this legalisation of MTP. Answer
OR (a) It is the procedure in which some amniotic fluid of “Female foeticide is very
high in India. So MTP must be the foetus is taken to analyse the foetal cells & completely banned”.
Do you agree with this dissolved substances. statement? Why? (Score: 2) (b) Yes. It is
necessary to prevent female foeticide.
 Answer (c) Amniocentesis can be used to find out genetic
No. In some cases, MTP may be essential. E.g., disorders, survivability of the foetus etc.
(a) To avoid unwanted pregnancies due to casual sex32. One couple came to know that they have a girl
child or [Link] 4th month of pregnancy and they decide to do
(b) It is essential when continuation of pregnancyMTP. (Score: 3) could be harmful to the
mother or foetus or both.(a) Expand and define MTP. (1½)
30. There are some problems regarding MTPs. Mention(b) At which stage of pregnancy is MTP safe? (½)
any two. (Score: 2)(c) How will you respond to the decision of female
 Answerfoeticide by the couple? (1)
(a) Most of the MTPs are performed illegally. Answer
(b) Misuse of amniocentesis test for foetal sexa. Medical Termination of Pregnancy. It is the
determination. If the foetus is female, it is followedintentional termination of pregnancy (induced
by MTP. This is dangerous for the young motherabortion) before full term. and foetus.b. During
the first trimester.
31. Amniocentesis for sex determination is banned in ourc. It is a bad decision due to 2 reasons-
country.• Female feticide is illegal and cruel.
(a) What is amniocentesis?• Second trimester MTP is dangerous.
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SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS (STIs)
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(a) Diseases or infections transmitted through sexual (b) Yes. If he doesn’t consult a doctor, it causes
intercourse are called Sexually transmitted infertility, cancer of the reproductive tract etc.
infections / diseases (STIs or STDs). (b) Hepatitis-B, Consulting a doctor helps to cure most of the
genital herpes & HIV. diseases completely.
34. Sexually transmitted diseases are also called …………. 40. Expand the following abbreviations: (Score: 2)
 Answer a) IVF b) ZIFT c) GIFT d) ICSI
Venereal diseases (VD) or Reproductive tract  Answer
infections (RTI). (a) IVF: In vitro Fertilization
35. Given below are some STIs. (b) ZIFT: Zygote Intra Fallopian Transfer
Gonorrhoea, syphilis, hepatitis-B, genital (c) GIFT: Gamete Intra Fallopian Transfer
herpes, chlamydiasis, genital warts, (d) ICSI: Intra Cytoplasmic Sperm Injection
trichomoniasis, HIV leading to AIDS. 41. The treatment facility advertised on the brochure of a
Among these, two disorders are also transmitted by private clinic is shown below. (Score: 3)
other means. Select them. Also, explain any two IVF ICSI GIFT IUI
means of transmission. (Score: 2) a. Identify what type of a clinic it is.
 Answer b. Make a brief note on any three of the treatment
Hepatitis-B & HIV. They are also transmitted procedure.
• By sharing of injection needles, surgical tools etc.  Answer
• By transfusion of blood. a. Clinic of ART/ clinic to treat infertility problems.
• From infected mother to foetus. b. IVF (in vitro fertilization or Test tube baby
36. Which of the following pairs of STIs is completely programme): Ova from the wife/donor and sperms
curable? (Score: 1) from the husband/donor are collected and are
(1) HIV, Hepatitis-B induced to form zygote. This is followed by Embryo
(2) Hepatitis-B, Gonorrhoea transfer (ET).
(3) Syphilis, Gonorrhoea Intra cytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI): In this, a
(4) Chlamydomonas, genital-herpes sperm from male partner is injected directly into
an egg from female partner. After fertilization, the
 Answer: (3) Syphilis, Gonorrhoea
embryo is implanted into the uterus. GIFT
37. A person is affected with itching, fluid discharge, (Gamete Intra Fallopian Transfer): Transfer of an
slight pain, swelling etc. in his genital region. But he ovum from a donor into the fallopian tube of
did not another female who cannot produce ovum, but
consult a doctor. (Score: 2) can provide suitable environment for fertilization
a. Mention the type of disorder affected him. and development.
b. Can you give any advice to him about the 42. In vitro fertilization (IVF) is followed by embryo
importance of consulting the doctor? transfer (ET). Briefly explain two types of embryo
 Answer transfer. (Score: 2)
(a) Sexually transmitted infections (STIs).  Answer
38. STIs are very high among persons in the age group ofa. Sexually transmitted diseases.
………………. years. b. Syphilis, Gonorrhoea, Hepatitis-B & HIV.
 Answer: 15-24 c. Prevention:
39. “STDs present a major health concern in both• Avoid sex with unknown /multiple partners. industrialized and
developing countries.” (Score: 2)• Always use condoms during coitus.
a. Name any two STDs. (1)• In case of doubt, consult a qualified doctor for
b. Suggest two preventive measures. (1)early detection and get complete treatment.
 Answer

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INFERTILITY & ASSISTED REPRODUCTIVE TECHNOLOGIES (ART)
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(a) ZIFT (Zygote Intra Fallopian Transfer): Transfer of b. Sex of a baby is determined by sperm produced by
zygote or early embryo (with up to 8 blastomeres) male. Sperm with X chromosome produce girl
into fallopian tube. child. Sperm with Y chromosome produces boy
(b) Intra Uterine Transfer (IUT): Transfer of embryo child.
with more than 8 blastomeres into the uterus. 47. Expand and define AI. (Score: 2)
43. Anil said that IUD, IUT and IUI are the three methods  Answer
of ART. (Score: 3) Artificial insemination (AI) is a technique in which the
a. Do you agree with this statement? Justify. semen collected from husband or a donor is
b. Expand the above abbreviations. artificially introduced into the vagina or the uterus of
 Answer the female.
a. No. Because IUD is a type contraceptive. Others 48. Artificial insemination into the uterus is known as
belong to ART. ………………. (Score: 1)
b. IUD: Intra Uterine Devices A B C
IUT: Intra Uterine Transfer
More than 8 Direct injection of
IUI: Intra Uterine Insemination ZIFT
blastomeres sperm into egg
44. (a) What is ART? (Score: 2) GIFT Very low sperm count Embryo to oviduct
(b) Categorize the following ARTs based on their
IUT Up to 8 blastomeres Ovum to oviduct
applications in male sterility and female sterility:
ICSI Transfer of egg Uterus
GIFT, Al
 Answer
A B C
(a) Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ART) are the
technologies used to correct infertility problems. ZIFT Up to 8 blastomeres Embryo to oviduct
(b) Male sterility: Artificial insemination (AI). Female GIFT Transfer of egg Ovum to oviduct
sterility: Gamete Intra Fallopian Transfer (GIFT). IUT More than 8 blastomeres Uterus
45. Note the relationship between first two terms and Direct injection of
ICSI Very low sperm count
suggest a suitable term for the fourth place. (Score: sperm into egg
1) (a) GIFT: Gamete ZIFT: ……………….  Answer: Intra-uterine insemination
(b) Fertilization outside the body: In vitro fertilisation (IUI)
Fertilization inside the body: ………………. 49. Match the following: (Score: 3)
 Answer:
 Answer
(a) Zygote/ embryo up to 8 blastomeres
(b) In vivo fertilisation 50. Diagnostic report of two couples having infertility
problems are given below:
46. Nalini is four months pregnant. At the insistence of
her mother-in-law, she underwent an illegal (a) The woman cannot produce ovum.
diagnostic procedure by which the sex of the baby (b) The man has very low sperm count in semen.
was determined to be female. Nalini’s mother-in-law Suggest a suitable Assisted Reproductive
cursed her for conceiving a girl-child. (Score: 2) Technologies
a. What is the diagnostic procedure used here? (1) (ART) for each problem in expanded form. (Score:
b. “Scientifically, Nalini is not 2)
responsible for  Answer
conceiving a girl-child.” Substantiate. (1) a. Gamete Intra Fallopian Transfer (GIFT)
 Answer b. Artificial insemination (AI)
a. Amniocentesis. 51. Suggest the ART which may be successful in the
following conditions. (Score: 2)

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(a) A female cannot produce ovum, but can provide a (b) Distinguish between ZIFT and GIFT.
suitable environment for fertilization and further (c) Write the common term used to denote the
development. techniques given above. (Score: 3)
(b) Male partner is unable to inseminate the female  Answer
or has very low sperm count. (a) IUI.
(c) Fusion of gametes and zygote formation does not (b) ZIFT: Transfer of zygote or early embryo (with up
occur within the body of the female. to 8 blastomeres) into fallopian tube.
 Answer GIFT: Transfer of an ovum from a donor into the
(a) Gamete Intra Fallopian Transfer (GIFT) fallopian tube of another female who cannot produce
(b) Artificial Insemination (AI technique) ovum, but can provide suitable environment for
(c) In vitro fertilization (IVF) fertilization and development. (c) ART (Assisted
52. Some techniques commonly used for infertility Reproductive Technologies).
treatment are given below. Read them carefully and 53. What are the main problems of using ART?
answer questions.  Answer
ZIFT, GIFT, ICSI, IUI, IVF • It needs specialized professionals and expensive
(a) Which of the above technique is used for the instruments.
collection of sperms from husband or a healthy • Emotional, religious and social problems.
donor and artificially introduced into uterus of
female?

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