Unit 1: Classification Overview
Unit key areas:
⬧ MRS GREN
⬧ Classification & binomial
naming system
⬧ Vertebrate groups
⬧ Invertebrate groups
⬧ Plant groups
⬧ Biological keys
Unit 1: Classification Overview
Unit key areas:
⬧ MRS GREN
⬧ Classification & binomial
naming system
⬧ Vertebrate groups
⬧ Invertebrate groups
⬧ Plant groups
⬧ Biological keys
The characteristics of living organisms can
be remembered with the help of…
MRS. GREN
ALL living organisms will show:
M ovement
R espiration
S ensitivity
G rowth
R eproduction
In the following slides -
E xcretion
identify the
N utrition characteristic
What about plants?
taking in materials for energy, growth and
development
glucose + oxygen water + carbon dioxide
+
chemical reactions
that break down food energy
molecules to release
energy
IMPORTANT: respiration is NOT “breathing”
ALL organisms respire, even plants!!
permanent increase in size
ability to detect and respond to changes in the
surrounding environment
(change in the environment = stimulus)
making more of the same kind of organism
removal of waste products of
metabolism from the organism
e.g. urea in urine
e.g. CO2 when
breathing out
“waste products of
metabolism” =
substances your body
has produced
removal of waste products of
metabolism from the organism
e.g. urea in urine
e.g. CO2 when
breathing out
IMPORTANT: removal
of faeces (poo!) from
the body is NOT
excretion – WHY NOT?
action by an organism, or part of an
organism, causing a change of position
or place
e.g. plants move their leaves to face
the sun
How smart are you?
Use mini-whiteboards to
answer these PPQs
sensitivity
sensitivity
Unit 1: Classification Overview
Unit key areas:
⬧ MRS GREN
⬧ Classification & binomial
naming system
⬧ Vertebrate groups
⬧ Invertebrate groups
⬧ Plant groups
⬧ Biological keys
Classification
= arranging (organisms) into groups
Carl Linnaeus
1735:
he started to classify organisms
based on how similar they looked
i.e. their morphology (shape) or
anatomy
How would you group these animals? Why?
They look similar to each other – shape/anatomy/morphology
fungi animals All organisms are now
• kingdoms
groupedareinto
the one
largest
of five
grouping
[Link] classification
Name them
• all organisms are
placed into one of 5
kingdoms:
plants
prokaryotes
(bacteria)
protoctista
Within each kingdom, organisms are grouped into smaller and
smaller groups:
Kingdom Kuwait
Phylum Petroleum
Class Company
Order O
Family F
Organisms share Genus Gulf
more and
more characteristics Species Street
Kingdom:
Phylum:
Class:
Order:
Family:
Genus:
Species:
Kingdom: Animal – all take food into
their bodies
Phylum: Vertebrate – all have a backbone
Class: Mammal – all have hair or fur
Order: Carnivore – all have special
carnassial teeth
Family: Felidae – all have retractable
claws
Genus: Panthera – all roar but don’t
purr
Species: leo What is the definition of
a species?
Species = group of organisms that can
reproduce to produce fertile offspring
Panthera leo Panthera leo Panthera leo
Equus ferus Equus africanus Mule – not fertile
(Horse) (Donkey)
Binomial System
Each organism is referred to using two names, the Genus and
the species, i.e.
Pantera leo
Genus species
• the Genus has a capital letter; the species, a small letter
When we type the name, we use italics
When we write the name, we underline it
• Latin was chosen so that the binomial system could be
universal – all scientists knew Latin
fungi animals The ANIMAL KINGDOM
• kingdoms are thedivided
can be further largest into
grouping
two phyla,inwhat
classification
are they?
• all organisms are
placed into one of 5
kingdoms:
plants
prokaryotes
(bacteria)
protoctista
Unit 1: Classification Overview
Unit key areas:
⬧ MRS GREN
⬧ Classification & binomial
naming system
⬧ Vertebrate groups
⬧ Invertebrate groups
⬧ Biological keys
The Animal kingdom is
subdivided to give the phylum
Phylum Vertebrates and other
animals
• all organisms are
All vertebrates have a
placed into one of 5
backbone (made of vertebrae)
kingdoms:
to protect their spinal cord
How many different classes of
vertebrates are there?
Name the 5 vertebrate groups
State 2 distinguishing features of each vertebrate
group
live in water moist skin without Four limbs at an two limbs adapted body covered with
scales angle to the body as wings hair or fur
moist skin covered Fly
external ears
with scales
Lays eggs in water Maintain a warm
and remain there as Four limbs but Dry skin with
body temperature
adults spend a large scales
Move using fins part of life in Hard-shelled Maintain a warm
water eggs in a nest body temperature
Lay eggs in water Lay eggs with a
Breathe using gills Feed with a beak
where young leathery shell,
develop often protected Have live young,
in a nest feed on milk from
mammary glands
Unit 1: Classification Overview
Unit key areas:
⬧ MRS GREN
⬧ Classification & binomial
naming system
⬧ Vertebrate groups
⬧ Invertebrate groups
⬧ Plant groups
⬧ Biological keys
Starter: What is an invertebrate?
Something without a backbone
Arachnids: Molluscs: Crustaceans:
● Four pairs of jointed legs ● Soft unsegmented body ● More than four pairs of
● Body in two parts ● May have a shell jointed legs.
● Chalky shell
Insects: Segmented Worms: Myriapods:
● Three pairs of jointed legs ● Have a mouth and anus ● Many pairs of jointed legs
● Body in three parts ● Body made of many ring ● Many segments to their
like segments body
Some of these invertebrates are
ARTHROPODS- but which ones?
Arachnids: Molluscs: Crustaceans:
● Four pairs of jointed legs ● Soft unsegmented body ● More than four pairs of
● Body in two parts ● May have a shell jointed legs.
● Chalky shell
Insects: Segmented Worms: Myriapods:
● Three pairs of jointed legs ● Have a mouth and anus ● Many pairs of jointed legs
● Body in three parts ● Body made of many ring ● Many segments to their
like segments body
Arthropods
All arthropod classes share some features:
1) jointed
legs
2) segmented
body
3) Symmetrical
body
4) Exoskeleton
Some of these invertebrates are
ARTHROPODS- but which ones?
Arthropods - jointed legs and segmented bodies
Arachnids: Molluscs: Crustaceans:
● Four pairs of jointed legs ● Soft unsegmented body ● More than four pairs of
● Body in two parts ● May have a shell jointed legs.
● Chalky shell
Insects: Segmented Worms: Myriapods:
● Three pairs of jointed legs ● Have a mouth and anus ● Many pairs of jointed legs
● Body in three parts ● Body made of many ring ● Many segments to their
like segments body
Some of these invertebrates are
ARTHROPODS- but which ones?
Arthropods - jointed legs and segmented bodies
Arachnids: Molluscs: Crustaceans:
● Four pairs of jointed legs ● Soft unsegmented body ● More than four pairs of
● Body in two parts ● May have a shell jointed legs.
● Chalky shell
Insects: Segmented Worms: Myriapods:
● Three pairs of jointed legs ● Have a mouth and anus ● Many pairs of jointed legs
● Body in three parts ● Body made of many ring ● Many segments to their
like segments body
Arthropods: Insects
pairs of legs: 3
body segments: 3
Arthropods: Arachnids
two body segments
pairs of legs: 4
body segments: 2
Arthropods: Myriapods
myriapod = “many feet”
millipede
millipedes -
2 pairs legs per
body segment
centipedes – 1
pair per segment
pairs of legs: many
body segments: many
Arthropods: Crustaceans
pairs of legs: 5-10
body segments: 2
Many live in the sea & have shells
Why are molluscs and segmented worms NOT
arthropods?
Arthropods - jointed legs and segmented bodies
Arachnids: Molluscs: Crustaceans:
● Four pairs of jointed legs ● Soft unsegmented body ● More than four pairs of
● Body in two parts with a muscular foot jointed legs.
● May have a shell ● Chalky shell
Insects: Segmented Worms: Myriapods:
● Three pairs of jointed legs ● Have a mouth and anus ● Many pairs of jointed legs
● Body in three parts ● Body made of many ring ● Many segments to their
like segments body
Unit 1: Classification Overview
Unit key areas:
⬧ MRS GREN
⬧ Classification & binomial
naming system
⬧ Vertebrate groups
⬧ Invertebrate groups
⬧ Plant groups
⬧ Biological keys
leaf veins
dicotyledon
monocotyledon •network of branching
•parallel veins veins
•long, narrow leaves •broad leaves
petals
monocotyledon dicotyledon
petals in multiples of 3 petals in multiples of 4 or 5
Other differences
Unit 1: Classification Overview
Unit key areas:
⬧ MRS GREN
⬧ Classification & binomial
naming system
⬧ Vertebrate groups
⬧ Invertebrate groups
⬧ Plant groups
⬧ Biological keys
Biological Keys
are used to help us identify organisms
a b c d e f
Identify the Mr Men using the key below:
Keys are
1) Wears a hat................. go to 2 • a series of
No hat.......................... go to 4 statements or
2) Has a red body........... Yes - go to 3 questions
No - Mr Uppity • based on visible
3) Has a green hat.......... Mr Strong features
Has a blue hat............ Mr Small • each question
4) Has a spiky body....... Yes - Mr splits the group
Sneeze of objects into
No - go to 5 two
5) Has a long nose....... Yes - Mr Nosy (= dichotomous)
No - Mr Greedy
Use the dichotomous key to identify each of the insects
Use the dichotomous key to identify each of the insects
Unit 1: Classification Overview
Unit key areas:
⬧ MRS GREN
⬧ Classification & binomial
naming system
⬧ Vertebrate groups
⬧ Invertebrate groups
⬧ Plant groups
⬧ Biological keys