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? Resources and Development Notes

The document provides detailed notes on resources and their classifications, including biotic and abiotic resources, renewable and non-renewable resources, and ownership types. It emphasizes the importance of resource planning for sustainable development and discusses land resources, soil types in India, and measures to control land degradation. Additionally, it outlines the characteristics and agricultural uses of various soil types found in India.

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4 views11 pages

? Resources and Development Notes

The document provides detailed notes on resources and their classifications, including biotic and abiotic resources, renewable and non-renewable resources, and ownership types. It emphasizes the importance of resource planning for sustainable development and discusses land resources, soil types in India, and measures to control land degradation. Additionally, it outlines the characteristics and agricultural uses of various soil types found in India.

Uploaded by

lakshanya696
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

📘 Resources and Development – Class 10 Geography (Detailed Notes)

1. What are Resources?


Everything available in the environment which can be used to satisfy human
needs is called resources.
Examples:
 Water
 Soil
 Forests
 Minerals
 People
2. Types of Resources
(A) On the Basis of Origin
1. Biotic Resources
Resources obtained from biosphere (living things)
Examples:
 Forests
 Animals
 Fish
 Humans
2. Abiotic Resources
Resources obtained from non-living things
Examples:
 Rocks
 Metals
 Land
 Air
(B) On the Basis of Exhaustibility
1. Renewable Resources
Resources that can be renewed or reproduced.
Examples:
 Solar energy
 Wind energy
 Water
 Forests
2. Non-renewable Resources
Resources that take millions of years to form.
Examples:
 Coal
 Petroleum
 Natural gas
 Minerals

(C) On the Basis of Ownership


1. Individual Resources
Owned by individuals.
Examples:
 Land
 House
 Plantation
2. Community Owned Resources
Owned by community.
Examples:
 Grazing land
 Village ponds
 Parks
3. National Resources
Owned by country.
Examples:
 Rivers
 Forests
 Minerals
 Roads
4. International Resources
Beyond national boundaries.
Examples:
 Ocean resources beyond 200 nautical miles

(D) On the Basis of Status of Development


1. Potential Resources
Resources found but not used yet.
Example:
Wind energy in Rajasthan and Gujarat.
2. Developed Resources
Surveyed and used.
Example:
Coal in Jharia.
3. Stock Resources
Resources available but technology not available.
Example:
Hydrogen as fuel.
4. Reserves
Part of stock which can be used.
Example:
Water in dams.
3. Resource Planning
Resource planning means proper use and conservation of resources.
Steps:
1. Identification of resources
2. Planning structure
3. Implementation of plans

4. Importance of Resource Planning


 Prevents wastage
 Ensures sustainable development
 Reduces regional inequality
 Protects environment

5. Sustainable Development
Development that meets present needs without harming future generations.
Example:
 Using solar energy
 Saving water
 Afforestation

6. Land Resources
Land is used for:
 Agriculture
 Forestry
 Mining
 Roads
 Houses
India has limited land → careful use needed.

7. Land Use Pattern in India


Land is divided into:
 Forests
 Land not available for cultivation
 Fallow land
 Net sown area
 Pastures

8. Land Degradation
Land degradation means decline in land quality.
Causes:
 Deforestation
 Overgrazing
 Mining
 Over irrigation
 Industrial waste
States affected:
 Jharkhand
 Gujarat
 Rajasthan
 Madhya Pradesh

9. Measures to Control Land Degradation


 Afforestation
 Proper irrigation
 Control over grazing
 Planting shelter belts
 Treating industrial waste

10. Soil as a Resource


Soil is the most important renewable resource.
It supports:
 Agriculture
 Forests
 Life on earth

11. Factors of Soil Formation


 Parent rock
 Climate
 Relief
 Vegetation
 Time
🌍 Types of Soil in India (Detailed)
India has 6 major soil types:
1. Alluvial Soil
2. Black Soil
3. Red & Yellow Soil
4. Laterite Soil
5. Arid Soil
6. Forest & Mountain Soil

1. Alluvial Soil
Most important and widely spread soil in India.
Found in
 Northern Plains
 Punjab
 Coastal plains
Formation
Formed by deposits of rivers like:
 Ganga
 Brahmaputra
 Indus
Features
 Very fertile
 Rich in potash and lime
 Poor in nitrogen
 Fine texture
 Good for irrigation
Types of Alluvial Soil
(a) Bhangar
 Old alluvial soil
 Found in higher areas
 Contains kankar (lime nodules)
 Less fertile
(b) Khadar
 New alluvial soil
 Found in flood plains
 Very fertile
 Renewed every year
Crops Grown
 Rice
 Wheat
 Sugarcane

2. Black Soil (Regur Soil)


Also called cotton soil
Found in
 Maharashtra
 Telangana
 Andhra Pradesh
Formation
Formed from lava rocks (volcanic rocks)
Features
 Clayey texture
 Retains moisture
 Swells in rainy season
 Cracks in summer
 Rich in calcium carbonate
 Poor in phosphorus
Best Crop
 Cotton
Other crops:
 Wheat
 Jowar
 Sugarcane

3. Red and Yellow Soil


Found in
 Tamil Nadu
 Karnataka
 Odisha
Formation
Formed by weathering of crystalline rocks
Colour
 Red → due to iron
 Yellow → hydrated iron
Features
 Sandy texture
 Less fertile
 Poor in nitrogen and phosphorus
 Needs fertilizers
Crops
 Millets
 Pulses
4. Laterite Soil
Found in
 Western Ghats
 Kerala
 Karnataka
 Tamil Nadu
 Assam
Formation
Formed under high temperature and heavy rainfall
Features
 Rich in iron
 Porous soil
 Less fertile
Crops
With fertilizers:
 Tea
 Coffee
 Cashew

5. Arid Soil (Desert Soil)


Found in
 Rajasthan
 Gujarat
Features
 Sandy texture
 Salty in nature
 Low moisture
 Poor fertility
 High salt content
Crops (with irrigation)
 Bajra
 Wheat
 Barley

6. Forest and Mountain Soil


Found in
 Himalayan region
 Northeast states
Features
 Coarse in upper slopes
 Fine in valleys
 Rich in humus
 Fertility varies
Crops
 Tea
 Coffee
 Spices
 Fruits

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