Module 2: Number System (3 Weeks)

Learning Outcomes

By the end of this module, students will be able to:

 Identify and classify different types of numbers.

 Understand the properties of natural numbers.

 Distinguish between natural numbers, whole numbers, and integers.

 Represent integers on a number line.

 Identify even, odd, prime, and composite numbers.

 Apply number concepts in real-life situations.

Chapter 1: Natural Numbers

Introduction

Natural numbers are the numbers we use for counting objects in our daily lives.

Definition

N={1 ,2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , … }

These are called Natural Numbers or Counting Numbers.

Examples

 1 apple

 5 books

 20 students

 100 cars

All these quantities are represented by natural numbers.

Activity

Count the following objects:

🍎🍎🍎🍎🍎

Properties of Natural Numbers

When two natural numbers are added or multiplied, the result is always a natural number.

Examples

Addition:

4 +6=10

Multiplication:

5 ×3=15

Both answers are natural numbers.

2. Commutative Property

Changing the order does not change the result.

Addition

7+3=3+710=10

Multiplication

4 ×5=5× 420=20

3. Associative Property

Changing the grouping does not affect the result.

¿5+ 4=2+ 79=9

4. Identity Property

Additive Identity

Zero does not change a number when added.

9+ 0=9

Multiplicative Identity

One does not change a number when multiplied.

9 ×1=9

Practice Questions
 1. Is 15 a natural number?

2. Is 0 a natural number?

3. Calculate:

o 8 + 12

o 7×6

Answers

1.

2.

3.

Chapter 2: Whole Numbers

Introduction

Whole numbers include all natural numbers along with zero.

Definition

W ={0 , 1 ,2 , 3 , 4 ,5 , … }

Difference Between Natural Numbers and Whole Numbers

Natural Numbers Whole Numbers

Start from 1 Start from 0

N = {1,2,3,...} W = {0,1,2,3,...}

Importance of Zero

Zero represents the absence of quantity.

Examples

 0 pencils in a box

 0 goals scored

 0 balance in an account

Examples of Whole Numbers

Not Whole Numbers

-3, -10, 2.5, 7.8

Practice Questions

Identify the whole numbers:

0, -5, 12, 25, 3.7

Answers

Chapter 3: Integers

Introduction

Integers include positive numbers, negative numbers, and zero.

Definition

Z={… ,−3 ,−2 ,−1, 0 , 1 ,2 , 3 , … }

Types of Integers

Positive Integers

Numbers greater than zero.

Examples:

1, 2, 3, 10, 50

Negative Integers

Numbers less than zero.

Examples:

-1, -2, -10, -25

Zero

Zero is neither positive nor negative.

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

Important Rules

 Numbers increase as we move right.

 Numbers decrease as we move left.

Comparing Integers

Examples

5>20>−3−2>−5

Addition of Integers

Rule 1: Same Signs

Add the numbers and keep the sign.

Example:

(−4)+(−3)=−7

Rule 2: Different Signs

Subtract the smaller number from the larger number and keep the sign of the larger number.

Example:

(−8)+5=−3

Subtraction of Integers

Change subtraction into addition of the opposite.

Example:

7−4=7+(−4)=3

Practice Questions

1. -6 + 8
 2. 9 + (-12)

3. -5 + (-4)

Chapter 4: Special Types of Numbers

Even Numbers

Definition

Numbers that are exactly divisible by 2.

Examples

2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12

Quick Test

A number is even if its last digit is:

0, 2, 4, 6, or 8

Examples:

 246 ✓

 108 ✓

 972 ✓

Odd Numbers

Definition

Numbers that are not divisible by 2.

Examples

1, 3, 5, 7, 9

Quick Test

A number is odd if its last digit is:

1, 3, 5, 7, or 9

Examples:
  111 ✓

 435 ✓

 987 ✓

Prime Numbers

Definition

A prime number has exactly two factors:

1 and itself.

Examples

2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17

Example

Factors of 7:

1, 7

Only two factors.

Therefore, 7 is a prime number.

Composite Numbers

Definition

A composite number has more than two factors.

Examples

4, 6, 8, 9, 10, 12

Example

Factors of 12:

1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 12

Since it has more than two factors, it is composite.

Important Facts
  2 is the only even prime number.

 1 is neither prime nor composite.

 Every composite number can be expressed as a product of prime numbers.

Practice Questions

Classify the following:

Number Prime or Composite

2 Prime

9 Composite

11 Prime

15 Composite

17 Prime

Module Assessment

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Which of the following is a whole number?

a) -2

b) 3.5

c) 0

d) -1

Answer:

2. Which number is a prime number?

a) 8

b) 15

c) 21

d) 13

Answer:
3. Which number is neither prime nor composite?

a) 0

b) 1

c) 2

d) 3

Answer:

4. Which of the following is an integer?

a) 2.5

b) -4

c) 3.7

d) 5.2

Answer:

Homework

1. Write the first 20 natural numbers.

2. Write the first 15 whole numbers.

3. Draw a number line from -10 to 10.

4. List all even numbers between 1 and 30.

5. List all prime numbers between 1 and 50.

6. Identify whether the following numbers are prime or composite:

o 18

o 23

o 29

o 35

o 41