12th(Chemistry)

Holidays Homework (2026-27)

Project work- on given topic
Practical work and assign model
Multiple Choice Questions(1 mark question)
Q1.A compound CaCl -6H₂O undergoes complete dissociation in water. The van't Hoff factor "/"
is
(a) 9. (c)3
(b) 6. (d) 4
Q2 A compound undergoes complete dimerisation in a given organic solvent. The van't Hoff fact
or / is
(a) 2.0. (c) 0.25
(b) 0.5. (d) 1.
Q3.A compound undergoes complete tetramerization in a given organic solvent. The vant't Hoff
factor' is
(a) 4.0
(b) 0.2
(c) 0.125
(d) 2.0
[Link] of the following aqueous solution will have highest boiling point ?
(a) 1.0 M KCI
(c) 2.0 M KCI
(b) 1.0 M K₂SO₄
(d) 2.0 M K₂SO
[Link] of the following 1.0 M aqueous solution, which one will show largest freezing point depre
ssion?
(a) NaCl
(b) Na₂S
(c) CHO
(d) Al2(SO4)3
[Link] molality of a dilute solution is doubled, the value of the molal elevation constant (K) will be
(a) halved
(b) doubled
(c) tripled
(d) unchanged
[Link] much ethyl alcohol must be added to 1 litre of water so that the solution will freeze at -1
4°C?
(K for water1.86°C/mol)
(a) 7.5 mol
(b) 8.5 mol
(c) 9.5 mol
(d) 10.5 mol
Q8. In which of the following cases blood cells will shrink?
(a) When placed in water containing more than 0.9% (mass/volume) NaCl solution.
(b) When placed in water containing less than 0.9% (mass/volume) NaCl solution.
(c) When placed in water containing 0.9% (mass/volume)
NaCl solution.
(d) When placed in distilled water.
Q9. Water retention or puffiness due to high salt intake occurs due to
(a) diffusion
(b) vapour pressure difference
(c) osmosis
(d) reverse osmosis
Q10 The freezing point of a 0.2 molal solution of a non-electrolyte in water is (K, for water-1.86
K kg mol)
(a)-0.372°C
(c)+0.372°C
(b)-1.86°C
(d) +1.86°C
Q11. The osmotic pressure of a solution increases, if
(a) the volume of the solution is increased
(b) the number of solute molecules is increased
(c) temperature is decreased
(d) solution constant (R) is increased

Assertion-Reason

Directions (Q. Nos. 12-16) In the following questions an Assertion (A) is followed by a correspon
ding Reason (R).

Use the following keys to choose the appropriate answer

(a) Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)

(b) Both (A) and (R) are correct but (R) is not the corres explanation of (A).

(c) (A) is correct and (R) is incorrect.

(d) (A) is incorrect and (R) is correct.

Q12. Assertion (A) When glucose is added to water, an elevation in boiling point is observed

Reason (R) The lowering of vapour pressure causes elevation in the boiling point.

13) Assertion (A) When NaCl is added to water,

depression in freezing point is observed.
Reason (R) The lowering of vapour pressure of a solution causes depression in the freezing poi
nt.

Q14. Assertion (A) Osmotic pressure is a colligative property.

Reason (R) Osmotic pressure is proportional to molality.

Q15. Assertion (A) Cryoscopic constant depends on n of solvent.

Reason (R) Cryoscopic constant is a universal.

Q15. At 300 K, 36 g of glucose. C,H,O, present per litre in its solution has an osmotic pressure o
f 4.98 bar. If the osmotic pressure of another glucose solution is 1.52 har at the same temperatu
re, calculate the concentration of the other solution.

[Link] the boiling point of one molar aqueous solution. Density of KBr solution is 1.06 g
ml. (K, for H.O-0.52 K kg mol, atomic mass of K-39, Br-80)

Q16. A solution prepared by dissolving 1.25 g of oil of wintergreen (methyl salicylate) in 99.0 g o
f benzene has a boiling point of 80.31°C.
Determine the molar mass of this compound. (Boiling point of pure benzene 80.10°C and K, for
benzene 2.53°C kg mol

[Link] mass of ethylene glycol (molar mass 62.0 g mol) must be added to 5.50 kg of water t
o lower the freezing point of water from 0°C to-10.0°C (A, for water 1.86 K kg mol¹)

Q18. 0.1 mole of acetic acid, was dissolved in 1 kg of benzene. Depression in freezing point of b
enzene was determined to be 0.256 K

What conclusion can you draw about the state of the solute in solution? (Given: K, for benzene-
5.12 K kg mol).

[Link] the mass of ascorbic acid (C₂H₂O) to be dissolved in 75 g of acetic acid to lower
its melting point by 1.5°C (K, for acetic acid is 3.9 K kg mol).

5 Marks Questions
Q20 (i) What is the effect of temperature on the solub of glucose in water?
(ii) Ibrahim collected a 10ml. each of fresh water ocean water. He observed that one sample lab
el P froze at 0°C while the other Qat-1.3°C. Ibrahim forgot which of the two, Por Q was oc water.
Help him identify which container conte ocean water, giving rationalisation for your answer

(iii) Calculate van't Hoff factor for an aqueous solus 89. of K, [Fe(CN)] if the degree of dissociati
on (a) is 0.852. What will be boiling point of this solution if its concentration is 1 molal? (K=0.52
K kg/mol)
Q21 (1) Why is boiling point of 1 M NaCl solution more than that of 1 M glucose solution?

(ii) A non-volatile solute 'X' (molar mass = 50 g mol) when dissolved in 78 g of benzene reduced
its vapour pressure to 90%. Calculate the mass of X dissolved in the solution.

(iii) Calculate the boiling point elevation for a solution prepared by adding 10 g of MgCl, to 200 g
of water assuming MgCl, is completely dissociated (K for water 0.512 K kg mol, Molar mass
MgCl2=95 g mol)

Q22(1) Why is the value of van't Hoff factor for ethano acid in benzene close to 0.5?

(ii) Determine the osmotic pressure of a solution

prepared by dissolving 232x10 g K₂SO₄ in 21 of solution at 25 °C, assuming that K₂SO₄ is com
pletely dissociated.
(R=0.082 L. atm K mol,
Molar mass=K₂SO₄ 174 g mol)

(iii) When 25.6 g of sulphur was dissolved in 1000 g of benzene, the freezing point lowered by 0.
512 K Calculate the formula of sulphur (S,). (K, for benzene =512 K kg mol, Atomic mass of sulp
hur 32 g mol)
 Physics
Holidays Homework (2026-27)
1. State and derive Coulomb’s law for the electrostatic force between two point charges in va
cuum. Two charges +8 μC and −2 μC are placed 24 cm apart in air. Calculate the magnitud
e and nature of force between them. If the distance between the charges is reduced to half,
what will be the new force?
2. Define electric field intensity and derive the expression for electric field due to a point char
ge using Coulomb’s law. Two charges +5 μC and +20 μC are separated by 15 cm in air. Lo
cate the point on the line joining them where the net electric field becomes zero.
3. Define electric dipole and derive the expression for electric field on the axial line of an ele
ctric dipole. An electric dipole consisting of charges ±4 μC separated by 8 mm produces an
electric field at a point on the axial line 25 cm away from the center. Calculate the electric
field intensity at that point.
4. Derive the expression for electric field on the equatorial line of an electric dipole. A dipole
of dipole moment 6 × 10⁻⁸ C m is placed in vacuum. Calculate the electric field at a point
20 cm away from the center on the equatorial line.
5. State and derive Gauss’s law in electrostatics. A cube of side 20 cm encloses a charge of 1
2 μC at its center. Calculate the electric flux through each face of the cube.
6. Using Gauss’s law derive the expression for electric field due to an infinitely long straight
uniformly charged wire. A wire carries a linear charge density of 5 × 10⁻⁶ C/m. Find the el
ectric field at distances 4 cm and 8 cm from the wire and compare the values.
7. Derive the expression for electric field due to an infinitely large plane charged sheet using
Gauss’s theorem. A plane sheet has surface charge density 4 × 10 ⁻⁶ C/m². Calculate the el
ectric field near the sheet.
8. Define electric potential and derive the expression for electric potential due to a point char
ge. Two charges +4 μC and −2 μC are placed at points A and B separated by 30 cm. Calcul
ate the electric potential at the midpoint of AB.
9. Derive the relation between electric field and electric potential. The electric potential in a r
egion is given by V = 5x² + 3x, where V is in volts and x in metres. Calculate the electric fi
eld at x = 2 m.
10. Derive the expression for electric potential due to an electric dipole at any general point. A
dipole of moment 3 × 10⁻⁸ C m is placed in vacuum. Find the electric potential at a point 3
0 cm away from the center making an angle 60° with the dipole axis.
11. Derive the expression for capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor without dielectric mediu
m. A parallel plate capacitor has plate area 0.01 m² and separation 1 mm. Calculate its capa
citance.
12. Three capacitors of capacitances 2 μF, 3 μF and 6 μF are connected in series across a 12 V
battery. Derive the formula for equivalent capacitance for capacitors connected in series an
d hence calculate:
(a) Equivalent capacitance
 (b) Charge on each capacitor
(c) Potential difference across each capacitor
13. Two positive charges +16 μC and +4 μC are placed 18 cm apart in air. Derive the conditio
n for the point where net electric field becomes zero for two like charges and hence find th
e position of zero electric field.
14. An electric dipole consists of charges ±5 μC separated by 6 mm. Derive the expression for
electric field on the axial line of an electric dipole and calculate the electric field at a point
20 cm away from the center on the axial line.
15. A dipole has dipole moment 8 × 10⁻⁸ C m. Derive the expression for electric field on the e
quatorial line of an electric dipole and hence calculate the electric field at a point 15 cm aw
ay from the center.
16. A dipole of moment 4 × 10⁻⁸ C m makes an angle of 60° with the position vector of a poin
t P situated 25 cm away. Derive the expression for electric potential due to an electric dipol
e at any point and hence calculate the electric potential at P.
17. A uniformly charged infinite wire has linear charge density 4 × 10 ⁻⁶ C/m. Using Gauss’s l
aw derive the expression for electric field due to an infinitely long straight charged wire an
d calculate the electric field at a distance of 5 cm from the wire.
18. A dielectric slab of dielectric constant 5 completely fills a parallel plate capacitor of capaci
tance 4 μF. Derive the expression for capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor with dielectri
c medium and hence calculate the new capacitance.
19. A capacitor of capacitance 20 μF is charged to 200 V. Derive the expression for energy sto
red in a capacitor and hence calculate:
(a) Energy stored
(b) Charge stored
(c) Work done in charging the capacitor
20. Define electric potential difference and derive the relation between work done and potentia
l difference. A charge of 2 C is moved through a potential difference of 15 V. Find the wor
k done.
21. Derive the relation between electric current and drift velocity. A copper wire of cross-secti
onal area 2 × 10⁻⁶ m² carries a current of 4 A. If the number density of electrons is 8 × 10²
⁸ m⁻³, calculate the drift velocity.
22. State and derive Ohm’s law. A resistor draws a current of 2.5 A from a 20 V source. Calcul
ate the resistance and power dissipated in the resistor.
23. Derive the expression for equivalent resistance when resistors are connected in series. Thre
e resistors 2 Ω, 4 Ω and 6 Ω are connected in series across a 24 V battery. Calculate:
(a) Equivalent resistance
(b) Current in the circuit
(c) Potential drop across each resistor
24. Derive the expression for equivalent resistance when resistors are connected in parallel. Th
ree resistors 6 Ω, 3 Ω and 2 Ω are connected in parallel across a 12 V battery. Calculate:
(a) Equivalent resistance
 (b) Total current in the circuit
(c) Current through each resistor
25. Derive the expression for electrical power in terms of current and resistance. An electric he
ater rated 1500 W operates at 220 V. Calculate:
(a) Current drawn
(b) Resistance of the heater
(c) Electrical energy consumed in 3 hours
26. Derive the relation between emf, terminal voltage and internal resistance of a cell. A cell of
emf 2 V and internal resistance 0.5 Ω is connected to an external resistance of 3.5 Ω. Calcu
late:
(a) Current in the circuit
(b) Terminal voltage
(c) Power dissipated in external resistance
27. Derive the condition for balance in Wheatstone bridge using Kirchhoff’s laws. In a balance
d Wheatstone bridge, P = 10 Ω, Q = 20 Ω and R = 15 Ω. Calculate the unknown resistance
S.
28. State Kirchhoff’s current and voltage laws. Using Kirchhoff’s rules determine the current f
lowing through a circuit containing a 12 V battery and resistors 2 Ω, 4 Ω and 6 Ω arranged
in two loops.
29. Derive the expression for resistivity of a conductor. A wire of length 2 m and area of cross-
section 1 × 10⁻⁶ m² has resistance 3 Ω. Calculate its resistivity.
30. Derive the expression for mobility of charge carriers in a conductor. An electron in a cond
uctor acquires a drift velocity of 2 × 10⁻⁴ m/s under an electric field of 5 V/m. Calculate th
e mobility of electrons.
31. Kirchhoff’s law in electricity is very useful in solving the complicated circuit connections,
a) What are the two basic Kirchhoff’s laws?
(b) Using Kirchhoff’s law of current and voltage, find the current through 2Ω resistor in th
e given circuit.

32. In the circuit shown in figure, find the value of current through 100 Ω.
33. In the Wheatstone bridge circuit of figure, G is a galvanometer of resistance 102 Ω . Find t
he current through it

34. Find the power dissipated in each resistor in the circuit shown in figure.

35. What is the value of x when the Wheatstone’s network is balanced?

P = 500 Ω, Q = 800 Ω, R = x + 400, S = 1000 Ω