5/11/24, 17:32 about:blank

Python Programming Fundamentals Cheat Sheet

Package/Method Description Syntax and Code Example
Syntax:
1. 1

1. statement1 and statement2

Copied!

Example:

1. 1
2. 2
3. 3
4. 4
Returns `True` if both statement1 and statement2 are `True`. Otherwise, 5. 5
AND 6. 6
returns `False`.
7. 7
8. 8
9. 9

1. marks = 90
2. attendance_percentage = 87
3.
4. if marks >= 80 and attendance_percentage >= 85:
5. print("qualify for honors")
6. else:
7. print("Not qualified for honors")
8.
9. # Output = qualify for honors

Copied!
Syntax:
1. 1

1. class ClassName: # Class attributes and methods

Copied!

Example:
Defines a blueprint for creating objects and defining their attributes and
Class Definition 1. 1
behaviors.
2. 2
3. 3
4. 4

1. class Person:
2. def __init__(self, name, age):
3. [Link] = name
4. [Link] = age

Copied!
Syntax:
1. 1

1. def function_name(parameters): # Function body

Copied!
A `function` is a reusable block of code that performs a specific task or
Define Function
set of tasks when called. Example:
1. 1

1. def greet(name): print("Hello,", name)

Copied!
Equal(==) Checks if two values are equal. Syntax:
1. 1

1. variable1 == variable2

Copied!

Example 1:
1. 1

1. 5 == 5

Copied!

returns True

Example 2:
1. 1

about:blank 1/7
5/11/24, 17:32 about:blank
1. age = 25 age == 30

Copied!

returns False
Syntax:
1. 1

1. for variable in sequence: # Code to repeat

Copied!

Example 1:

1. 1
2. 2

1. for num in range(1, 10):

A `for` loop repeatedly executes a block of code for a specified number 2. print(num)
For Loop
of iterations or over a sequence of elements (list, range, string, etc.).
Copied!

Example 2:

1. 1
2. 2
3. 3

1. fruits = ["apple", "banana", "orange", "grape", "kiwi"]

2. for fruit in fruits:
3. print(fruit)

Copied!
Syntax:
1. 1

1. function_name(arguments)

Copied!
A function call is the act of executing the code within the function
Function Call
using the provided arguments. Example:
1. 1

1. greet("Alice")

Copied!
Syntax:
1. 1

1. variable1 >= variable2

Copied!

Example 1:

1. 1

1. 5 >= 5 and 9 >= 5

Copied!
Greater Than or Equal
Checks if the value of variable1 is greater than or equal to variable2.
To(>=) returns True

Example 2:
1. 1
2. 2
3. 3

1. quantity = 105
2. minimum = 100
3. quantity >= minimum

Copied!

returns True
Greater Than(>) Checks if the value of variable1 is greater than variable2. Syntax:
1. 1

1. variable1 > variable2

Copied!

Example 1: 9 > 6

returns True

about:blank 2/7
5/11/24, 17:32 about:blank
Example 2:
1. 1
2. 2
3. 3

1. age = 20
2. max_age = 25
3. age > max_age

Copied!

returns False
Syntax:
1. 1

1. if condition: #code block for if statement

Copied!

If Statement Executes code block `if` the condition is `True`. Example:

1. 1
2. 2

1. if temperature > 30:

2. print("It's a hot day!")

Copied!
Syntax:
1. 1
2. 2
3. 3
4. 4
5. 5
6. 6
7. 7
8. 8

1. if condition1:
2. # Code if condition1 is True
3.
4. elif condition2:
5. # Code if condition2 is True
6.
7. else:
8. # Code if no condition is True

Copied!
Executes the first code block if condition1 is `True`, otherwise checks
If-Elif-Else condition2, and so on. If no condition is `True`, the else block is Example:
executed.
1. 1
2. 2
3. 3
4. 4
5. 5
6. 6
7. 7
8. 8
9. 9

1. score = 85 # Example score

2. if score >= 90:
3. print("You got an A!")
4. elif score >= 80:
5. print("You got a B.")
6. else:
7. print("You need to work harder.")
8.
9. # Output = You got a B.

Copied!
If-Else Statement Executes the first code block if the condition is `True`, otherwise the Syntax:
second block.
1. 1
2. 2

1. if condition: # Code, if condition is True

2. else: # Code, if condition is False

Copied!

Example:
1. 1
2. 2
3. 3
4. 4

1. if age >= 18:

2. print("You're an adult.")

about:blank 3/7
5/11/24, 17:32 about:blank
3. else:
4. print("You're not an adult yet.")

Copied!
Syntax:
1. 1

1. variable1 <= variable2

Copied!

Example 1:
1. 1

1. 5 <= 5 and 3 <= 5

Copied!
Less Than or Equal
Checks if the value of variable1 is less than or equal to variable2.
To(<=) returns True

Example 2:
1. 1
2. 2
3. 3

1. size = 38
2. max_size = 40
3. size <= max_size

Copied!

returns True
Syntax:
1. 1

1. variable1 < variable2

Copied!

Example 1:
1. 1

1. 4 < 6

Copied!
Less Than(<) Checks if the value of variable1 is less than variable2.
returns True

Example 2:

1. 1
2. 2
3. 3

1. score = 60
2. passing_score = 65
3. score < passing_score

Copied!

returns True
Loop Controls `break` exits the loop prematurely. `continue` skips the rest of the Syntax:
current iteration and moves to the next iteration.
1. 1
2. 2
3. 3
4. 4
5. 5
6. 6
7. 7

1. for: # Code to repeat

2. if # boolean statement
3. break
4.
5. for: # Code to repeat
6. if # boolean statement
7. continue

Copied!

Example 1:
1. 1
2. 2
3. 3
4. 4

about:blank 4/7
5/11/24, 17:32 about:blank
1. for num in range(1, 6):
2. if num == 3:
3. break
4. print(num)

Copied!

Example 2:
1. 1
2. 2
3. 3
4. 4

1. for num in range(1, 6):

2. if num == 3:
3. continue
4. print(num)

Copied!
Syntax:
1. 1

1. !variable

Copied!

NOT Returns `True` if variable is `False`, and vice versa. Example:

1. 1

1. !isLocked

Copied!

returns True if the variable is False (i.e., unlocked).

Syntax:
1. 1

1. variable1 != variable2

Copied!

Example:
1. 1
2. 2
3. 3

1. a = 10
2. b = 20
3. a != b
Not Equal(!=) Checks if two values are not equal.
Copied!

returns True

Example 2:
1. 1
2. 2

1. count=0
2. count != 0

Copied!

returns False
Syntax:
1. 1

1. object_name = ClassName(arguments)

Copied!
Object Creation Creates an instance of a class (object) using the class constructor.
Example:
1. 1

1. person1 = Person("Alice", 25)

Copied!
OR Returns `True` if either statement1 or statement2 (or both) are `True`. Syntax:
Otherwise, returns `False`.
1. 1

1. statement1 || statement2

Copied!

about:blank 5/7
5/11/24, 17:32 about:blank
Example:
1. 1
2. 2

1. "Farewell Party Invitation"

2. Grade = 12 grade == 11 or grade == 12

Copied!

returns True
Syntax:
1. 1
2. 2
3. 3

1. range(stop)
2. range(start, stop)
3. range(start, stop, step)

Copied!
range() Generates a sequence of numbers within a specified range.
Example:
1. 1
2. 2
3. 3

1. range(5) #generates a sequence of integers from 0 to 4.

2. range(2, 10) #generates a sequence of integers from 2 to 9.
3. range(1, 11, 2) #generates odd integers from 1 to 9.

Copied!
Syntax:
1. 1

1. return value

Copied!

`Return` is a keyword used to send a value back from a function to its

Return Statement Example:
caller.
1. 1
2. 2

1. def add(a, b): return a + b

2. result = add(3, 5)

Copied!
Syntax:
1. 1
2. 2

1. try: # Code that might raise an exception except

2. ExceptionType: # Code to handle the exception

Copied!

Tries to execute the code in the try block. If an exception of the Example:
Try-Except Block
specified type occurs, the code in the except block is executed.
1. 1
2. 2
3. 3
4. 4

1. try:
2. num = int(input("Enter a number: "))
3. except ValueError:
4. print("Invalid input. Please enter a valid number.")

Copied!
Try-Except with Else Code in the `else` block is executed if no exception occurs in the try Syntax:
Block block.
1. 1
2. 2
3. 3

1. try: # Code that might raise an exception except

2. ExceptionType: # Code to handle the exception
3. else: # Code to execute if no exception occurs

Copied!

Example:
1. 1
2. 2
3. 3
4. 4
5. 5

about:blank 6/7
5/11/24, 17:32 about:blank
6. 6

1. try:
2. num = int(input("Enter a number: "))
3. except ValueError:
4. print("Invalid input. Please enter a valid number")
5. else:
6. print("You entered:", num)

Copied!
Syntax:
1. 1
2. 2
3. 3

1. try: # Code that might raise an exception except

2. ExceptionType: # Code to handle the exception
3. finally: # Code that always executes

Copied!

Example:

Try-Except with Code in the `finally` block always executes, regardless of whether an 1. 1
2. 2
Finally Block exception occurred.
3. 3
4. 4
5. 5
6. 6
7. 7

1. try:
2. file = open("[Link]", "r")
3. data = [Link]()
4. except FileNotFoundError:
5. print("File not found.")
6. finally:
7. [Link]()

Copied!
Syntax:
1. 1

1. while condition: # Code to repeat

Copied!

A `while` loop repeatedly executes a block of code as long as a

While Loop Example:
specified condition remains `True`.
1. 1
2. 2

1. count = 0 while count < 5:

2. print(count) count += 1

Copied!

© IBM Corporation. All rights reserved.

about:blank 7/7