Unit: Technical Report Writing
1. What is a Technical Report?
A technical report is a formal document that explains technical information, research
findings, experiments, or project details in a structured way.
It is commonly used in:
Engineering
Science
Business
IT
Academic research
Its purpose is to present facts, analysis, and recommendations.
Simple Definition
A technical report explains what was done, how it was done, what was found, and what
it means.
2. Purpose of Technical Report Writing
Technical reports are written to:
Present research findings
Explain technical processes
Record experiments
Solve problems
Recommend solutions
Share project details
3. Characteristics of Technical Reports
A good technical report should be:
A. Clear
The information must be easy to understand.
B. Accurate
All facts, data, and measurements must be correct.
C. Objective
No personal feelings.
D. Organized
Information should follow proper order.
E. Concise
Avoid unnecessary details.
F. Evidence-Based
Use facts, charts, data, and observations.
4. Structure of a Technical Report
A. Title Page
Includes:
Report title
Writer’s name
Institution name
Submission date
Example:
Technical Report on Water Pollution in Quetta
B. Abstract
A short summary of the whole report.
Contains:
Topic
Method
Findings
Conclusion
Example:
This report examines the causes of water pollution in Quetta. Data was collected
through surveys and observations. The findings show industrial waste is the major
cause.
C. Table of Contents
Shows sections and page numbers.
D. Introduction
Explains:
Background
Purpose
Scope
Example:
Water pollution has become a serious environmental issue affecting public health.
E. Methodology
Explains how information was collected.
Methods:
Survey
Observation
Experiment
Interviews
F. Findings / Results
Presents data.
Example:
65% water sources are contaminated
40% households reported health issues
G. Discussion
Explains findings.
Example:
The results indicate poor waste management contributes significantly.
H. Conclusion
Summarizes major findings.
I. Recommendations
Suggests solutions.
Example:
Improve waste disposal
Install filtration systems
J. References
Lists sources used.
5. Language of Technical Reports
Use: Formal language
Passive voice (sometimes)
Technical vocabulary
Precise words
Example:
“The experiment was conducted under controlled conditions.”
6. Example Topics for Technical Reports
Air pollution in Quetta
Internet usage among students
Water shortage problems
Renewable energy in Pakistan
Impact of AI in education
7. Sample Short Technical Report
Topic: Internet Usage Among Students
Introduction
The internet is widely used by students for education and entertainment.
Methodology
A survey was conducted among 50 students.
Findings
70% students use internet more than 4 hours daily.
Discussion
Most students use it for both learning and social media.
Conclusion
Internet is useful but overuse can affect studies.
Unit: Progress Report Writing
1. What is a Progress Report?
A progress report is a document that describes the current status of a project or task.
It tells:
What has been completed
What is in progress
What problems exist
What will be done next
2. Purpose of Progress Report
Progress reports are written to:
Inform teachers/supervisors
Show work progress
Identify problems
Plan future steps
3. Where Progress Reports are Used
Used in:
Research projects
Construction work
Business projects
Student assignments
Internship work
4. Characteristics of Progress Reports
A progress report should be:
Honest
Clear
Updated
Organized
Brief
Accurate
5. Structure of Progress Report
A. Title
Example:
Progress Report on Research Project: Social Media Impact
B. Introduction
Briefly explain the project.
Example:
This report presents the progress of the research on social media and academic
performance.
C. Work Completed
Explain completed tasks.
Example:
Topic selected
Proposal approved
Questionnaire prepared
D. Work in Progress
Explain current work.
Example:
Data collection is currently being conducted.
E. Problems Faced
Mention difficulties.
Example:
Some students were unavailable for survey.
F. Future Plan
Explain next steps.
Example:
Data analysis will begin next week.
G. Conclusion
Summarize overall progress.
6. Types of Progress Reports
A. Periodic Progress Report
Written weekly or monthly.
B. Project Progress Report
Written during project completion stages.
C. Academic Progress Report
Used by students for research/assignments.
7. Sample Progress Report
Topic: Research on Social Media Impact
Introduction
This report explains the current progress of my research project.
Completed Work
Selected topic
Submitted proposal
Reviewed literature
Current Work
Survey is being conducted among students.
Problems
Some participants delayed responses.
Next Plan
Analyze data and write findings.
Conclusion
The project is progressing well and expected to finish on time.
8. Main Difference Between Technical Report and Progress Report
Technical Report Progress Report
Final detailed report Ongoing update report
Shows complete
Shows current progress
work
Includes final Includes completed and pending
findings tasks
More detailed Usually shorter