FACULTY OF APPLIED SCIENCE DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS AND PHYSICS
OPTICAL INSTUMENTS TUTORIAL TOTAL MARKS 192
QUESTION 1 Microscopes [63 marks]
1. Briefly explain how the optical instruments operate. (2)
2. Why do we need optical instruments? (2)
3. Give FIVE examples of optical instruments we use in our daily lives. (5)
4. Give TWO types of microscopes. (4)
5. Differentiate between simple and compound microscope. (4)
6. Give TWO types of converging lenses found in compound microscope. (2)
7. A simple microscope, also known as ______________. (1)
8. The magnifying power of the compound microscope is the product of the magnification of the
objective lens and ___________________. (1)
9. List TWO uses of simple microscope? (2)
10. List THREE uses of a compound microscope. (3)
11. Describe image characteristics of simple microscopes (2)
12. Describe image characteristics of compound microscopes. (5)
13. Give SIX types of compound microscopes. (6)
14. What is meant by the term ‘angular magnification’. (2)
15. What is the function of stage in compound microscope? (2)
16. Where are the microscopic slides are kept and viewed? (1)
17. What is the maximum value of angular magnification can be achieved by simple microscope without
serious aberrations? (1)
18. Draw and label the ray diagram of the following:
i) Human eye before using simple microscope, (3)
ii) Human eye after using simple microscope or magnifying glass. (4)
iii) Compound microscope. (5)
19. Show that maximum magnification of simple microscope is given by: (6)
QUESTION 2 Microscopes problems [ 19 marks]
1. What is the maximum magnification that is possible with a lens having a focal length of 10
cm, and what is the magnification of this lens when the eye is relaxed? (3)
2. A lens that has a focal length of 5.00 cm is used as a magnifying glass.
i) To obtain maximum magnification, (2)
ii) where should the object be placed? (2)
iii) (b) What is minimum magnification? (2)
3. The distance between eyepiece and objective lens in a certain compound microscope is 23.0
cm. The focal length of the eyepiece is 2.50 cm, and that of the objective is 0.400 cm. What
is the far point overall magnification of the microscope? (3)
4. A compound microscope with an objective of 1 cm focal length and an eyepiece of 2 cm
focal length. The microscope has tube length of 20 cm between the two lenses. Calculate
magnifying power of the microscope when the final image is formed at near point. (3)
5. The desired far point overall magnification of a compound microscope is 140X. The objective
alone produces a lateral magnification of 1 2.0X. Determine the required focal length of the
eyepiece. (4)
QUESTION 3 Telescopes [ 33 marks]
1. What is the function of telescope? (2)
2. Give TWO types of astronomical telescopes. (2)
3. Differentiate between refracting and reflecting microscope. (4)
4. Give TWO common types of refracting telescope. (2)
5. Give TWO advantages of reflecting telescope. (4)
6. Give TWO disadvantages of refracting telescope. (4)
7. Draw and label the ray diagrams of the following:
i) Keplerian telescope in the normal adjustment. (5)
ii) Galilean telescope. (5)
iii) Reflecting telescope. (5)
QUESTION 4 telescopes problems [ 20 marks]
1. The Yerkes refracting telescope has a 1 m diameter, the objective lens of focal length 20 m.
Assume it is used with an eyepiece of focal length 2.5 cm.
i) Determine the magnification of the planet Mars as seen through this telescope. (2)
ii) Estimate the length of the telescope. (2)
iii) Are the Martian polar caps right side up or upside down? (1)
2. The angular magnification of an astronomical telescope in normal adjustment is 5. If the
focal length of the objective lens is 100 cm. Calculate:
i) The focal length of the eyepiece lens. (2)
ii) The length of the telescope. (2)
3. The length of the telescope is 52 cm, and its magnification is -25 for relaxed eye. Find the
focal length of the objective lens and the focal length of eyepiece lens. (7)
4. The largest Yerkes refracting telescope has a diameter of 102 cm. The objective has a focal
length of 19 m, and the eyepiece has a focal length of 10 cm.
i) Calculate the total magnifying power of this telescope. (2)
ii) Estimate the length of the telescope. (2)
QUESTION 5 cameras [ 22 marks]
1. What is a camera? (2)
2. Give TWO main types of cameras. (2)
3. Differentiate between analog and digital cameras. (4)
4. Give TWO types of digital cameras. (2)
5. Draw and label ray diagram of the following:
i) Analog camera. (4)
ii) Digital camera. (4)
6. What if the main function of CCD in a digital camera? (2)
7. Write down the formula which used to estimate the amount of intensity of light needed to
reach the CCD. (2)
QUESTION 6 projectors [ 15 marks]
1. What is a projector? (2)
2. Give TWO types of light source used in a projector? (2)
3. What is function of condenser in a projector? (2)
4. Name TWO lenses condenser consist of. (2)
5. Why the cooling fan must be fitted into a projector? (2)
6. Draw and label ray diagram of a projector. (5)
QUESTION 7 prism binoculars [ 20 marks]
1. What are the prism binoculars? (2)
2. Give TWO types of prism binoculars. (2)
3. Specify what are following values of binocular representing? 7 x 35 mm. (2)
4. Differentiate between roof and porro prism binoculars. (4)
5. Draw the ray diagram of the following:
i) Roof prism binoculars. (5)
ii) Porro prism binoculars. (5)