SPARK ACADEMY
Chinmoy Sir Chemistry Classes • Raipur
Subject: Chemistry (Objective Test) Topic: Atomic Structure (Principles & QN)
Target: NEET / JEE / Class XI Contact: +91 9893062316
Total Questions: 25 MCQs Time Allowed: 45 Minutes
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS (SINGLE CORRECT OPTION)
Q1. Which of the following sets of quantum Q5. The ground-state electronic configuration of
numbers is not permissible for an electron in an Chromium (Z = 24) violates the expected regular
atom? pattern due to:
A) n = 3, l = 2, m = 0, s = +½ A) Greater stability of half-filled d-subshell.
B) n = 4, l = 0, m = 0, s = -½ B) High electronegativity of Chromium.
C) n = 3, l = 3, m = -1, s = +½ C) The Pauli exclusion principle.
D) n = 2, l = 1, m = -1, s = -½ D) Contraction of the 4s orbital.
Q2. The maximum number of electrons that can be Q6. What is the maximum number of orbital
accommodated in a subshell with orbital angular orientations possible for the magnetic quantum
momentum quantum number l = 3 is: number m when l = 2?
A) 6 A) 3
B) 10 B) 5
C) 14 C) 7
D) 18 D) 9
Q3. According to the Aufbau principle, the correct Q7. Hund’s rule of maximum multiplicity is directly
order of increasing energy of the orbitals 4f, 5p, 5d, applicable to which of the following electronic
and 6s is: transitions or arrangements?
A) 5p < 6s < 4f < 5d A) Filling of 1s orbital before 2s.
B) 6s < 5p < 4f < 5d B) Distribution of three electrons among three
C) 5p < 4f < 6s < 5d degenerate 2p orbitals.
D) 4f < 5p < 5d < 6s C) Total capacity of a shell being 2n².
D) Pairing of spins in a single orbital.
Q4. Pauli’s exclusion principle states that:
A) Electrons tend to remain unpaired as long as Q8. For a principal quantum number n = 4, the total
degenerate orbitals are available. number of orbitals present in that entire shell is
given by:
B) No two electrons in an atom can have the same set
of all four quantum numbers. A) 4
C) Orbitals are filled in order of increasing energy. B) 8
D) The position and momentum of an electron cannot C) 16
be measured simultaneously. D) 32
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Q9. Which of the following designations is Q15. The azimuthal quantum number l for an
completely invalid in atomic theory? electron defines:
A) 2d A) The orientation of the orbital in space.
B) 3p B) The structural shape of the orbital.
C) 4f C) The size and principal energy of the shell.
D) 5s D) The spin angular momentum of the electron.
Q10. An electron is in a 4p orbital. The values of its Q16. According to the (n + l) rule, which of the
quantum numbers n and l must respectively be: following subshells will be filled up first?
A) 4 and 0 A) 3d
B) 4 and 1 B) 4s
C) 4 and 2 C) 4p
D) 3 and 1 D) 4d
Q11. The extra stability of half-filled and fully-filled Q17. Which rule or principle directly forbids an
subshells is attributed to: electronic configuration written as 1s³?
A) Symmetrical distribution of electrons only. A) Aufbau principle
B) High exchange energy only. B) Hund's rule
C) Both symmetrical distribution and high exchange C) Pauli's exclusion principle
energy. D) Heisenberg's principle
D) Lower effective nuclear charge.
Q18. The number of radial nodes and angular
Q12. If two electrons are present in the same orbital nodes for a 3p orbital are respectively:
of an atom, they must possess: A) 1 and 1
A) Same spin direction B) 2 and 0
B) Opposite spin direction C) 0 and 2
C) Same magnetic quantum number but different D) 1 and 2
principal quantum numbers
D) Same azimuthaI quantum number but different Q19. Copper (Z = 29) exhibits an outer electronic
values of l configuration of 3d¹⁰ 4s¹ instead of 3d⁹ 4s². This is
because:
Q13. What is the total number of exchange pairs A) 4s has higher energy than 3d.
possible for a d⁵ (half-filled) configuration?
B) Fully filled d¹⁰ state yields much higher symmetrical
A) 5 stability.
B) 10 C) Copper is a highly reactive alkaline element.
C) 15 D) It minimizes the effective atomic weight.
D) 20
Q20. For an orbital with a magnetic quantum
Q14. The total value of spin multiplicity for a number m = -2, the minimum possible value of the
nitrogen atom in its ground state configuration (1s² principal quantum number n must be:
2s² 2p³) is: A) 1
A) 1 B) 2
B) 2 C) 3
C) 3 D) 4
D) 4
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Q21. The value of spin angular momentum for an Q24. If the value of (n+l) = 5, what is the maximum
unpaired electron is evaluated using: number of distinct subshells that can satisfy this
A) √[l(l+1)] h/2π condition?
B) √[s(s+1)] h/2π A) 2
C) n · h/2π B) 3
D) m · h/2π C) 4
D) 5
Q22. An configuration containing two electrons
with parallel spins in the same spatial orbital Q25. Which of the following ground-state
violates: configurations represents an atom with the highest
A) Hund's rule magnetic moment due to unpaired spins?
B) Aufbau Principle A) 3d³ 4s²
C) Pauli's exclusion principle B) 3d⁵ 4s¹
D) None of these C) 3d⁶ 4s²
D) 3d⁷ 4s²
Q23. In a given atom, how many total electrons can
share the quantum numbers n = 3, l = 1?
A) 2
B) 6
C) 10
D) 14
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DETAILED SOLUTIONS & ANSWER KEY
Q1. Solution: C
For any shell, the value of l must be strictly less than n (l = 0 to n-1). If n = 3, l can only be 0, 1, or 2. Thus, l = 3 is
completely impossible.
Q2. Solution: C
The maximum number of electrons in any subshell is given by the formula 2(2l + 1). Substituting l = 3 (which represents
the f subshell) yields 2(2×3 + 1) = 2(7) = 14.
Q3. Solution: A
Using the (n+l) rule: for 5p, 5+1=6; for 6s, 6+0=6 (higher n means higher energy, so 5p < 6s); for 4f, 4+3=7; for 5d, 5+2=7
(higher n means higher energy, so 4f < 5d). Therefore, the correct increasing order is 5p < 6s < 4f < 5d.
Q4. Solution: B
Pauli's exclusion principle explicitly dictates that no two electrons within the same atomic framework can possess an
identical set of all four quantum numbers.
Q5. Solution: A
Chromium has Z = 24. Its expected configuration is [Ar] 3d⁴ 4s², but one electron from 4s shifts to 3d to form [Ar] 3d⁵ 4s¹
because half-filled d-orbitals are remarkably stable due to spatial symmetry and high exchange energy.
Q6. Solution: B
For a given value of l, the magnetic quantum number m can vary from -l to +l, comprising a total of (2l + 1) orientations.
For l = 2, 2(2)+1 = 5 orientations (-2, -1, 0, +1, +2).
Q7. Solution: B
Hund's rule ensures that pairing of electrons inside degenerate subshells does not occur until each constituent orbital
contains at least one singly occupied electron with parallel spins.
Q8. Solution: C
The total number of orbitals in any principal shell is equal to n². For n = 4, the number of orbitals is 4² = 16.
Q9. Solution: A
For the d-subshell, l = 2. Since l must always be strictly less than n, the minimum value of n required to have a d subshell
is 3. Hence, 2d does not exist.
Q10. Solution: B
The prefix number indicates the principal quantum number (n = 4). The letter 'p' designates the azimuthal quantum
number where l = 1.
Q11. Solution: C
The enhanced stability of symmetric subshells (half-filled or fully-filled) is fundamentally driven by two combined
parameters: perfectly symmetrical charge distribution and high exchange energy values among parallel spins.
Q12. Solution: B
According to Pauli's Exclusion Principle, an orbital can house a maximum of two electrons, and they must have opposite
spins (+½ and -½) to avoid having identical sets of quantum numbers.
Q13. Solution: B
The formula for calculating the total number of exchange pairs among N parallel spins is N(N-1)/2. For a d⁵ system, all 5
electrons have parallel spins, leading to 5(5-1)/2 = 10 unique exchange pairs.
Q14. Solution: D
Spin multiplicity is computed via the formula (2S + 1), where S is the total spin. Nitrogen has 3 unpaired electrons in its 2p
subshell, so S = ½ + ½ + ½ = 1.5. Multiplicity = 2(1.5) + 1 = 4.
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Q15. Solution: B
The azimuthal quantum number (l) explicitly dictates the geometric 3D shape of an atomic orbital (e.g., spherical for s,
dumbbell for p).
Q16. Solution: B
Let's evaluate (n+l): For 3d (3+2=5), 4s (4+0=4), 4p (4+1=5), 4d (4+2=6). The lowest value is 4 (4s), hence it is filled first
due to lower initial energy.
Q17. Solution: C
The 1s subshell contains only 1 orbital, which can hold a maximum of 2 electrons with opposite spins. Accommodating a
3rd electron would require it to share all four quantum numbers with one of the existing two electrons, violating Pauli's
principle.
Q18. Solution: A
Radial nodes are calculated as n - l - 1, and angular nodes equal l. For 3p (n=3, l=1): Radial nodes = 3 - 1 - 1 = 1; Angular
nodes = 1.
Q19. Solution: B
Copper reorganizes to a 3d¹⁰ 4s¹ configuration because completely filled d subshells minimize inter-electronic repulsion
and maximize symmetry and total exchange energy.
Q20. Solution: C
An orbital with m = -2 requires the azimuthal quantum number l to be at least 2. Because n must be strictly greater than l,
the smallest possible value for n is 3.
Q21. Solution: B
The true spin angular momentum vector is mathematically computed via √[s(s+1)] h/2π, where s = ½ for an individual
electron.
Q22. Solution: C
If two electrons occupy the identical spatial orbital, their principal, azimuthal, and magnetic quantum numbers are exactly
identical. To conform to Pauli's Exclusion Principle, they must have opposite (antiparallel) spins. Parallel spins are strictly
forbidden.
Q23. Solution: B
The values n = 3, l = 1 uniquely identify the 3p subshell. Any p subshell contains exactly 3 degenerate orbitals, which can
house up to a maximum of 6 electrons.
Q24. Solution: B
Possible valid integral combinations for n + l = 5 where l < n are: n=5, l=0 (5s); n=4, l=1 (4p); and n=3, l=2 (3d). The
option n=2, l=3 is completely invalid. Thus, exactly 3 subshells satisfy the condition.
Q25. Solution: B
Magnetic moment is directly proportional to the number of unpaired electrons. Let's count: A) 3d³ 4s² has 3 unpaired; B)
3d⁵ 4s¹ has 6 unpaired electrons (5 in d, 1 in s); C) 3d⁶ 4s² has 4 unpaired; D) 3d⁷ 4s² has 3 unpaired. Thus, configuration B
yields the absolute maximum magnetic moment.
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