JULY 2026 QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH
PARTS OF RESEARCH
FRONT PAGE
I. Title page
II. Abstract
III. Dedication
IV. Acknowledgement
V. Certification
VI. Table of Content
I. TITLE PAGE
Shows the research title,
school name, author, and
submission details.
.RESEARCH TITLE
Position: Top center, written in bold, capital letters
Font size: Usually 14–16 pts
SUBMISSION STATEMENT
Position: Below the title, centered
Font style: Regular, sentence case
Purpose: States what the paper is for
SCHOOL NAME
Position: Below the submission statement
Font style: Capitalized or bold
IN FULFILLMENT OF REQUIREMENT
Position: Below school details
Font style: Regular
RESEARCHERS’ NAMES
Position: Center, below the subject line
Format: Full names, arranged alphabetically
SUBJECT TEACHER / ADVISER
Position: Below the researchers’ names
DATE OF SUBMISSION
Position: Bottom center
Format: Month, Day, Year
II. ABSTRACT
A short summary of the whole
study—its purpose, methods,
key results, and conclusion.
A good abstract answers these 4 questions in order:
[Link] / Background
What is the problem? Why is this study done?
[Link]
What type of research did you use? Who are
the respondents? How did you gather data?
[Link] / Findings
What are the main data or statistics you found?
[Link] / Implication
What is the answer to the problem? How can
this study be useful?
Basic Specifications
Length: Usually 150 to 250 words (maximum 300
words)
Font: Times New Roman or Arial, Size 12
Spacing: Single spacing or 1.5 spacing
Alignment: Justified (straight left and right margins)
Title: The word ABSTRACT is written at the top,
centered, bold, and all capital letters
No citations or references inside the abstract
III. DEDICATION
a brief, personal note honoring
individuals or groups who
provided emotional, financial,
or spiritual support during your
study
STANDARD FORMAT & RULES
Position: Centered both
vertically and horizontally
on the page
Title: The word
DEDICATION is written at
the top, bold, all capital
letters, and centered
Font: Times New Roman or
Arial, Size 12
Spacing: Usually double
spacing or 1.5 spacing
Tone: Sincere, respectful,
and brief
Length: Short — usually 2
to 5 sentences only
IV. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Thanks to people who
helped, supported, or guided
the researcher.
STANDARD FORMAT & RULES
Title: ACKNOWLEDGEMENT —
written at the top, centered, bold, and
all capital letters
Font: Times New Roman or Arial, Size
12
Spacing: 1.5 or double spacing
Alignment: Justified (straight left and
right margins)
Tone: Formal, sincere, and polite
Length: Usually 1–2 paragraphs; not
too long
Page number: Marked with Roman
numerals (e.g., v, vi), number is
placed at the bottom center or top
right as per your school’s style
V. CERTIFICATION
Official statement confirming
the work is original and
approved by the
school/adviser.
Position: It is placed right after the Title Page
and before the Abstract (sometimes called
the “Approval Sheet” or “Certification of
Originality/Approval”).
STANDARD FORMAT & RULES
Title: CERTIFICATION or
CERTIFICATION OF APPROVAL —
written at the top, centered, bold, and all
capital letters
Font: Times New Roman or Arial, Size 12
Spacing: 1.5 or double spacing
Alignment: Justified or centered as
needed
Includes: Signatures, names, and
positions of the people approving the
work
Page number: Usually counted as
Roman numeral ii, but the number is
often not printed on this page
VI. TABLE OF CONTENTS
Lists all sections and their
page numbers for easy
navigation.
Position: It comes right after the
Acknowledgement and before Chapter 1.
STANDARD FORMAT & RULES
Title: TABLE OF CONTENTS — written at
the top, centered, bold, and all capital
letters
Font: Times New Roman or Arial, Size 12
Spacing: 1.5 or double spacing
Alignment: Main headings are aligned to
the left; page numbers are aligned to the
right
Leader dots: Use dots (………) between the
title and page number to guide the eye
Page numbering: Preliminary pages
(before Chapter 1) use Roman numerals (i,
ii, iii, iv…)
Main chapters and content use Arabic
numerals (1, 2, 3…)
CHAPTER I:
INTRODUCTION
This chapter lays the
foundation of your study—it
explains what problem you
are solving, why it matters,
and exactly what you aim to
achieve. Below are clear
definitions for every section:
It follows this logical flow:
[Link] / General Perspective – Talk about the
topic on a worldwide or national level.
[Link] Context – Narrow it down to the
situation in your region, school, or community.
[Link] Gap / Problem – Point out what is
missing, what is unknown, or what issue needs
to be solved.
[Link] / Purpose – State why this study is
necessary and what it intends to achieve.
TECHNICAL RULES
.,
Font: Times New Roman or Arial, Size 12
Spacing: 1.5 or double spacing
Alignment: Justified
Length: Usually 1 to 2 pages (around 250–500
words)
Tense: Mostly present tense
Citation: Include sources, statistics, or previous
studies to support your statements.
INTRODUCTION
This is the opening section that sets the context and
background of your research. - It starts with the big picture
(e.g., importance of agriculture in the Philippines,
challenges small-scale farmers face like slow manual
sowing, high labor costs, and uneven seed placement).
INTRODUCTION
It narrows down to the specific problem: limitations of
traditional sowing methods, lack of affordable automated
tools for small farms, and how solar-powered Arduino
technology can address this.
INTRODUCTION
It ends by stating the research gap—what past studies
missed, and why your Solar-Powered Arduino-Based
Seed Sowing Device is needed.
RESEARCH OBJECTIVES
These are the specific, measurable goals your study aims
to answer or accomplish. They are usually split into:
1. General Objective
2. Specific Objectives
RESEARCH OBJECTIVES
General Objective:
The main goal (e.g., To design, develop, and
evaluate the performance of a solar-powered
Arduino-based seed sowing device for small-scale
farming).
RESEARCH OBJECTIVES
Specific Objectives: Step-by-step targets (e.g., 1)+ To
fabricate and assemble the device; 2) To test its sowing
speed, coverage area, and accuracy; 3) To compare its
performance against traditional manual sowing; 4) To
assess user satisfaction and ease of use).
IMPORTANCE OF THE STUDY
This explains who will benefit from your research and how. For
your study, beneficiaries include:
1. Farmers:
2. Agriculture Sector
[Link] & Researchers
[Link]
IMPORTANCE OF THE STUDY
Farmers: Reduces fatigue, saves time and labor, ensures uniform
seed spacing.
Agriculture Sector: Promotes low-cost, sustainable automation
for small farms.
Students & Researchers: Serves as a reference for future studies
on agricultural robotics and renewable energy in farming.
Community: Supports higher crop yields and better food
security.
SCOPE & DELIMITATION
Defines the boundaries of your study to avoid confusion:
1. Scope
2. Delimitation
SCOPE & DELIMITATION
Scope: What your study covers—e.g., focuses on small farm plots, uses
solar energy as power source, Arduino as main controller, designed for
common crop seeds (like corn, rice, or vegetables), tested within
Camarines Norte.
Delimitation: What your study does NOT cover—e.g., not for large
commercial farms, does not include soil tilling or fertilizing functions,
limited to dry and flat farm areas, excludes high-cost industrial sensors.
Hypothesis/Hypotheses
These are testable predictions about your study’s results. You
will usually state two types:
[Link] Hypothesis (H₀)
2. Alternative Hypothesis (Hₐ)
Hypothesis/Hypotheses
[Link] Hypothesis (H₀)
The default claim—"There is no significant difference between the
performance of the solar-powered Arduino-based seed sowing
device and traditional manual sowing in terms of speed, coverage,
and seed placement accuracy."
Hypothesis/Hypotheses
2. Alternative Hypothesis
Your proposed claim—"The solar-powered Arduino-based seed
sowing device is significantly faster, covers more area, and provides
more uniform seed placement than traditional manual sowing."
Hypothesis/Hypotheses
[Link] Hypothesis (H₀)
The default claim—"There is no significant difference between the
performance of the solar-powered Arduino-based seed sowing
device and traditional manual sowing in terms of speed, coverage,
and seed placement accuracy."
Definition of Terms
This lists key words used in your study, with how you
specifically define them (not just a dictionary meaning) to
ensure clarity.
GREAT
MWEOB!