CHAPTER 5

MULTIPLICATION

Terms Related to Multiplication

In a multiplication sum, the number to be multiplied is called the multiplicand, the

number by which we multiply is called the multiplier and the result obtained after the
multiplication is called the product.

For example:

123 X 5 = 615

Multiplicand -123

Multiplier- 5

Product - 615

Properties of Multiplication

1. Order Property of Multiplication

The product of two numbers does not change when we change the order of the
numbers.

Example: 28 x 2 = 2×28 = 56

2. Grouping or Associative Property of Multiplication

The product of three numbers does not change when we change the groupings of the
numbers.

Example:
20(8×4) = = 160×4 = 640
(20×8) x 4 = 20×32 = 640
So,20(8×4) (20×8) x 4

3. Property of 1

The product of a number and 1 …

Example: 69×1 = 69 and 325×1 = 325
4. Property of Zero

The product of a number and zero is always zero.

Example: 53×0 = 0 and 842×0 = 0

5. Distributive Property of Multiplication Over Addition

The product of a number by the sum of two numbers is the same as the sum of the
products of that number by the two numbers separately.

Example: 12×8 = 12(5 + 3)

= 12×5 + 12×3
60+36=96

Rule: To multiply a given number,

1. by 10, put one zero on the right of the given number. Ex. 17×10 = 170

2. by 100, put two zeros on the right of the given number. Ex. 25×100 = 2500

3. by 1000, put three zeros on the right of the given number. Ex. 13×1000 = 13000

Exercise 5 A
1. Using the order property of multiplication, complete each sentence.

(a) 5 x 2 = 2 x 5

(b) 3 x 9 X = 9 x 3

(c) 26 x 14 =14 x 26

(d) 28 x 502 = 502 x28

2. Find the product.

(a) 72 x 0 = 0

(b) 2137 x 1 =2137

(c) 705 x 0 =0

(d) 1×932 =932

3. Are the following sentences true? Write yes or no. Name the property used.
(a) (5×4) x 7 = 5 x (4×7)

(b) 9 x (8×5) = (9×8) x 5

(c) (53×81) x 5 = 53 x (81×5)

(d) 44×51)x 4 = 44 x (51×4)

4. Write the products of the following.

(a) 8 x 10 =80

(b) 3 x 100 =300

(c) 75 x 1000 =75000

(d) 708 x 100 =70800

(e) 376 x 1000 =376000

(f) 286 x 10 =2860

5. What property is shown by 6 x (18 + 3) = (6 x 18) + (6 x 3) ?

6. Write the products.

(a) 45 x 70 = 3150

(b) 20×60 =1200

(c) 40×80 =3200

(d) 300×700 =210000

(e) 710×500 =355000

(f) 920×900 =828000

7. One bale of cloth costs ₹3,500. Find the cost of 50 such bales.
Ans: ₹175000
8. If you jog 14 kilometres a week and you have been jogging for 40 weeks, how
many kilometres have you jogged so far? 14×40 = 560km
9. Fill the with correct symbol <, = or >.

(a) 3×8 > 5×6

(b) 7×4 > 2×8

(c) 5×7 > 0×8

(d) 1×8 < 3 x 4

(e) 8×0 = 7×0

(f) 7×1 < 1×8

EXERCISE- 5 B

1. Multiply:

(a) 12 x 8 =96

(b) 14 x 6 =84

(c) 11 x 9 =99

(d) 18 x 4 =72

(e) 19 x 7 =133

(f) 20 x 6 =120

(g) 13 x 7 =91

(h) 15 x 9 =105

(i) 16 x 8 =136

(j) 19 x 5 =95

(k) 18 x 7 =126

(1) 17 x 8 =136

2. Fill in the blanks to make the sentences true.

(a) 19 x 4 =76

Think: 19 fours are 76.

(b) 15 x 7 =105

(c) 18 x 8 =144

(d) 3 x 16 =48

(e) 17 x 6 =102

(f) 14 x 9 =126

(g) 12 x 7 =84

3. How much do 15 pencils cost at 8 each?

Think: 15 eights are

Ans: 120
4. We use 4 litres of milk in a day. How many litres do we use in a fortnight?

Think: 14 fours are

[A fortnight is 2 weeks, i.e., 14 days.]

Ans: 56
Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)

5. In a carton, there are thirteen rows with eight eggs in each. How many eggs are
there in all?

(a) 24

(b) 21

(c) 104

(d) 130
Ans: 104
6. There are six sticks of gum in a package. How many sticks are there in 16
packages?

(a) 84
(b) 96

(c) 98

(d) 108
Ans: 96

Exercise 5 C
1. Multiply

a) 368 x3=
b) 954 x3=
c) 479 x4 =
d) 3567 x5 =
e) 2342 x 8=
f) 2807 x 7 =
g) 4213 x 9 =
h) 6907 x 5 =
i) 8009x 6 =
Multiple Choice Question
2. ₹ 2,545 x7 = ₹ 17,815
Exercise 5 D
[Link] the following.
a) 6159 x11=67,749
b) 2423 x 21= 50,883
c) 545 x 67= 36,515
d) 6237 x43= 2,68,197
e) 8209 x38= 3,11,942
f) 5826 x80= 4,66,080
g) 6005 x29=1,56,130
h) 756 x729= 5,51,124
i) 478 x623=2,97,794
j) 2964 x 138=4,09,032
k)2908 x406= 11,80,648
l)3028 x320=9,68,960
2. Which of the following has the smallest product?
Ans:d) 12345 x0
3. The successor of the product of 125 and 585 is
Ans: 73,126

EXERCISE-5 E

1. A hospital charges ₹650 for a COVID vaccine. If 90 people are vaccinated on a

particular day, how much money is collected from them?
Solution :
Charges for a vaccine : ₹650
No. of people vaccinated : 90
Total money collected: ₹58,500

2. A shirt costs 1,280. Find the cost of 85 similar shirts.

Solution :
Cost of a shirt : 1,250
Cost of 85 shirts: 1250 x 85 = 1,06,250

3. A theatre has 125 rows of seats with 24 seats in each row. How many seats are
there in the theatre?
Solution :
No. of rows = 125
No. of seats in each row = 24
No. of seats in the theatre =125 x 24=3,125
4. A total of 8,455 students are studying in a school. Each student paid 150 for the
PM Cares Fund. Find the total amount collected.
Solution :
Total no. of students = 8,455
Money paid by each student = 150
Total amount collected = 12,68,700
5. A newspaper boy sells 355 newspapers everyday. How many newspapers will he
sell in a leap year? Hint: 1 leap year = 366 days
Solution :
No. Of papers sold everyday= 355
Total no. of papers sold in a leap year 355 x 366=1,29,930
6. A man earns ₹955 everyday. How much will he earn in 5 months starting from the
month of May?
Solution :
Earnings per day = ₹955
Earnings of 5 months = ₹955 x 5=
7. A ream of paper contains 425 sheets. How many sheets of paper, in all, are there in
806 such reams?
Solution :

8. A cycle factory manufactures 1455 cycles in a day. How many cycles will it
manufacture in the months of July and August if it works all the days?
Solution :
9. A train ticket from Delhi to Mumbai costs ₹2,185. If there are 452 passengers, then
find out the total fare collected from them.
Solution :
Multiple Choice Question (MCQ)
10. My school sold 345 tickets for a ballet performance. Each ticket costs 125. How
much did the school collect?

(a) ₹42,135

(b) ₹45,125

(c) ₹41,135

(d) ₹43,125