ÒÒÒ Solved Examples ÒÒÒ
Ex. (1) Two coins are tossed simultaneously. Write the sample space (S) and number
of sample points n(S). Also write the following events in the set form and write
the number of sample points in each event.
(i) Condition for event A : to get at least one tail.
(ii) Condition for event B : to get only one head.
(iii) Condition for event C : to get at most one tail.
(iv) Condition for event D : to get no head.
Solution ः If two coins are tossed simultaneously,
S = {HH, HT, TH, TT} n(S) = 4
(i) Condition for event A : at least one head.
A = {HH, HT, TH} n(A) = 3
(ii) Condition for event B : only one head.
B = { HT, TH} n(B) = 2
(iii) Condition for event C : at most one tail.
C = {HH, HT, TH} n(C) = 3
(iv) Condition for event D : No head.
D = {TT} n(D) = 1
Ex. (2) A bag contains 50 cards. Each card bears only one number from 1 to 50. One
card is drawn at randomfrom the bag. Write the sample space. Also write the
events A, B and find the number of sample points in them.
(i) Condition for event A : the number on the card is divisible by 6.
(ii) Condition for event B : the number on the card is a complete square.
Solution : S = {1, 2, 3, . . . 49, 50}, n(S) = 50
(i) Condition for event A : number is divisible by 6.
A = {6, 12, 18, 24, 30, 36, 42, 48} n(A) = 8
(ii) Condition for event B : the number on the card is a complete square.
B = {1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49} n(B) = 7
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Ex. (3) A sanitation committee of 2 members is to be formed from 3 boys and
2 girls. Write sample space ‘S’ and number of sample points n(S). Also write
the following events in set form and number of sample points in the event.
(i) Condition for event A : at least one girl must be a member of the committee.
(ii) Condition for event B : Committee must be of one boy and one girl.
(iii) Condition for event C : Committee must be of boys only.
(iv) Condition for event D : At the most one girl should be a member of the
committee.
Solution : Suppose B1, B2, B3 are three boys and G1, G2 are two girls
Out of these boys and girls, a sanitation committee of two members is to be
formed.
\ S = {B1B2, B1B3, B2B3, B1G1, B1G2, B2G1, B2G2, B3G1, B3G2, G1G2} \ n(S) = 10
(i) Condition for event A is that at least one girl should be in the committee.
A = {B1G1, B1G2, B2G1, B2G2, B3G1, B3G2, G1G2} \ n(A) = 7
(ii) Condition for event B is that one boy and one girl should be there in the
committee.
B = {B1G1, B1G2, B2G1, B2G2, B3G1, B3G2} \ n(B) = 6
(iii) Condition for event C is that there should be only boys in the committee.
C = {B1B2, B1B3, B2B3} n(C) = 3
(iv) Condition for event D is that there can be at most one girl in the committee.
D = {B1B2, B1B3, B2B3, B1G1, B1G2, B2G1, B2G2, B3G1, B3G2} \ n(D) = 9
Ex. (4) Two dice are rolled, write the sample space ‘S’ and number of sample points
n(S). Also write events and number of sample points in the event according to the
given condition.
(i) Sum of the digits on upper face is a prime number.
(ii) Sum of the digits on the upper face is multiple of 5.
(iii) Sum of the digits on the upper face is 25.
(iv) Digit on the upper face of the first die is less than the digit on the second
die.
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Solution : Sample space,
S = {(1, 1), (1, 2), (1, 3), (1, 4), (1, 5), (1, 6),
(2, 1), (2, 2), (2, 3), (2, 4), (2, 5), (2, 6),
(3, 1), (3, 2), (3, 3), (3, 4), (3, 5), (3, 6),
(4, 1), (4, 2), (4, 3), (4, 4), (4, 5), (4, 6),
(5, 1), (5, 2), (5, 3), (5, 4), (5, 5), (5, 6),
(6, 1), (6, 2), (6, 3), (6, 4), (6, 5), (6, 6)} n(S) = 36
(i) Event E : The sum of the digits on the upper face is a prime number.
E = {(1, 1), (1, 2), (1, 4), (1, 6), (2, 1), (2, 3), (2, 5), (3, 2), (3, 4),
(4, 1), (4, 3), (5, 2), (5, 6), (6, 1), (6, 5)} \ n(E) = 15
(ii) Event F : The sum of the digits on the upper face is a multiple of 5.
F = { (1, 4), (2, 3), (3, 2), (4, 1), (4, 6), (5, 5), (6, 4) } \ n(F) = 7
(iii) Event G : The sum of the digits on the upper face is 25.
G={ }= f \ n (G) = 0
(iv) Event H : The number on upper face of first die is less than the digit
on second die.
H = {(1, 2) (1, 3) (1, 4) (1, 5) (1, 6) (2, 3) (2, 4) (2, 5) (2, 6)
(3, 4) (3, 5) (3, 6) (4, 5) (4, 6) (5, 6)} \ n(H) = 15
Practice Set 5.3
1. Write sample space ‘S’ and number of sample point n(S) for each of the following
experiments. Also write events A, B, C in the set form and write n(A), n(B), n(C).
(1) One die is rolled,
Event A : Even number on the upper face.
Event B : Odd number on the upper face.
Event C : Prime number on the upper face.
(2) Two dice are rolled simultaneously,
Event A : The sum of the digits on upper faces is a multiple of 6.
Event B : The sum of the digits on the upper faces is minimum 10.
Event C : The same digit on both the upper faces.
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(3) Three coins are tossed simultaneously.
Condition for event A : To get at least two heads.
Condition for event B : To get no head.
Condition for event C : To get head on the second coin.
(4) Two digit numbers are formed using digits 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 without repetition
of the digits.
Condition for event A : The number formed is even
Condition for event B : The number formed is divisible by 3.
Condition for event C : The number formed is greater than 50.
(5) From three men and two women, environment committee of two persons is
to be formed.
Condition for event A : There must be at least one woman member.
Condition for event B : One man, one woman committee to be formed.
Condition for event C : There should not be a woman member.
(6) One coin and one die are thrown simultaneously.
Condition for event A : To get head and an odd number.
Condition for event B : To get a head or tail and an even number.
Condition for event C : Number on the upper face is greater than 7 and
tail on the coin.
Let’s learn.
Probability of an event
Let us think of a simple experiment. A bag contains 4 balls of the same size.
Three of them are white and the fourth is black. You are supposed to pick one ball at
random without seeing it. Then obviously, possibility of getting a white ball is more.
In Mathematical language, when possibility of an expected event is expressed
in number, it is called ‘Probability’ . It is expressed as a fraction or percentage
using the following formula.
For a random experiment, if sample space is ‘S’and ‘A’ is an expected event
then probability of ‘A’ is P(A). It is given by following formula.
Number of sample points in event A n(A)
P(A) = Number of sample points in sample spaces = n(S)
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