Factorization Tips & Checks
1. Always take out the Greatest Common Factor (GCF) first
Before doing anything else, check if all terms share a common factor.
Example:
6x² + 9x = 3x(2x + 3)
2. Look for special patterns
Memorize these common ones:
• Difference of squares:
a² − b² = (a − b)(a + b)
• Perfect square trinomials:
a² + 2ab + b² = (a + b)²
a² − 2ab + b² = (a − b)²
3. Factor trinomials carefully
For expressions like:
x² + bx + c
Find two numbers that:
• Multiply to give c
• Add to give b
4. Use the quadratic formula if stuck
If factorization is difficult or doesn’t work nicely, use:
−𝑏 ± √𝑏2 − 4𝑎𝑐
𝑥=
2𝑎
Then rewrite the solution into factor form.
5. Check your signs
• Positive × Positive = Positive
• Negative × Negative = Positive
• Positive × Negative = Negative
Signs are a very common source of mistakes.
6. Check by expanding (VERY IMPORTANT)
After factorizing, multiply the brackets back out to see if you get the original expression.
7. Factor completely
Make sure nothing inside brackets can still be factorized.
Example:
2(x² + 5x + 6) = 2(x + 2)(x + 3)
Factorization Practice Questions
Try these step-by-step:
Basic
1. x² + 5x + 6
2. x² + 7x + 10
3. x² − x − 12
4. x² − 9
Intermediate
5. 2x² + 7x + 3
6. 3x² − 10x + 8
7. x² − 16
8. 4x² + 12x + 9
With GCF
9. 6x² + 15x
10. 8x² − 12x
11. 5x³ + 10x²
Challenge
12. 2x² − x − 6
13. x² − 11x + 24
14. 3x² + x − 2
15. 4x² − 25