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Support / SharePoint / SharePoint Server / SharePoint Server 2010 Help and How-to /
Getting started with SharePoint Server
Here are some basic tasks and information to help you learn how
to use Microsoft SharePoint Server 2010.
In this article
Overview of SharePoint Foundation and SharePoint Server
Capabilities of SharePoint Server
Parts of a SharePoint site
Site specifics that affect your experience
Adding content to a site
Managing and working with site content
Both SharePoint Foundation and SharePoint Server are designed to work effectively
with other programs, servers, and technologies, including those in the Microsoft
Office system. For example, you can take a site, list, or library offline in SharePoint
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Workspace, work with the site content while you are disconnected from your network,
and then automatically synchronize your changes when you reconnect. You can
complete many SharePoint tasks from within familiar Microsoft Office programs. For
example, you can initiate or participate in a workflow to approve an expense report
from within Microsoft Word.
One of the primary places where you can take advantage of these capabilities is on
your My Site. My Site is your own SharePoint site where you can share documents,
links, and information about yourself in an online profile. You can also blog about
topics of interest or search for the information you need to do your job.
You decide what information you want to share and what information you want to
keep private on your My Site. You can then tag links to information and find
information that other people tag or share on their newsfeeds. To learn more about
managing information on your My Site, see Manage the information you share
through your My Site and profile.
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SharePoint Server 2010 helps organizations manage the entire life cycle of content
by providing distinct sets of features that enable organizations to achieve the
following goals:
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ENTERPRISE SEARCH
Search takes into account your personal context and helps you refine your search by
using interactive navigation to guide you to the information you need. SharePoint
Server extends the reach of search across more content sources and content types
to connect to all the information in your enterprise — including enterprise applications
such as SAP, Siebel, or custom databases — and make the information available to
the people who need it.
BUSINESS INTELLIGENCE
Excel Services empowers decision makers to publish, share, and manage Excel
workbooks on a SharePoint site. Other people in the organization can then modify
cell values, formulas, and formatting from the browser as they analyze the data.
PerformancePoint Services in SharePoint Server 2010 can increase visibility into key
organizational objectives and metrics, and enable richer depth of analysis and
insight. You or others in your organization can create and use interactive dashboards
with scorecards, reports, and filters to find trends. You can also add rich charts to
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your SharePoint sites and connect the charts to data from a variety of sources, such
as SharePoint lists, external data lists, Business Data Connectivity Services, Excel
Services, or other Web Parts.
PORTALS
With SharePoint Server 2010, organizations can build and maintain portal sites for
every aspect of their business (enterprise intranet portals, corporate Internet Web
sites, and divisional portal sites). Enterprise intranet and divisional portals can
connect individual sites across an organization and consolidate access to existing
business applications. Teams and individuals in an organization can use a portal site
to access the expertise, information, and business applications that they need in
order to do their jobs.
Individuals within an organization who use a portal site can take advantage of their
My Site sites. A My Site is a personal site that gives you a central location to manage
and store your documents, content, links, and contacts. My Site serves as a point of
contact for other users in your organization to find information about you, your skills,
and your interests. My Sites include the social computing features mentioned earlier
in this article.
SharePoint Server 2010 also includes features that organizations can use to
personalize the experience of a portal site for individual users, such as targeting
content to specific types of users. Your organization can further customize the portal
site by using a SharePoint-compatible Web design program such as
SharePoint Server 2010.
SharePoint Server 2010 provides many features that can help you integrate and
streamline your business processes. Workflows can streamline the cost of
coordinating common business processes, such as project approval or document
review, by managing and tracking the tasks involved with those processes.
SharePoint Server 2010 has several predefined workflows that you can use as they
are or customize to suit your needs. You can also use SharePoint Designer to create
custom workflows that support your unique business processes.
You can also create browser-based forms and gather data from organizations that do
not use Microsoft InfoPath 2010.
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Resources write and publish information and resources for the rest of the
organization.
All SharePoint sites have common elements that you should know about to get
started: lists, libraries, Web Parts, and views.
Lists A list is a Web site component where your organization can store, share, and
manage information. For example, you can create a task list to track work
assignments or track team events on a calendar. You can also conduct a survey or
host discussions on a discussion board.
Libraries A library is a special type of list that stores files as well as information
about files. You can control how files are viewed, tracked, managed, and created in
libraries.
Views You can use views to see the items in a list or library that are most
important to you or that best fit a purpose. For example, you can create a view of all
the items in a list that apply to a specific department, or to highlight particular
documents in a library. You can create multiple views of a list or library that people
can select from. You can also use a Web Part to display a view of a list or library on
a separate page of your site.
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Web Parts A Web Part is a modular unit of information that forms a basic building
block of most pages on a site. If you have permission to edit pages on your site, you
can use Web Parts to customize your site to display pictures and charts, portions of
other Web pages, lists of documents, customized views of business data, and more.
Permissions If you are assigned to the default Full Control permission level, you
have the full range of options to manage the site. If you are assigned to the
Contribute or Read permission level, your options and access to site content are
more limited. Many of the options discussed in this article are not available to users
with the Reader permission level, which allows users to read content but not make
changes to it. Because permissions are designed to be flexible and customizable,
your organization may have its own unique settings.
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Buttons on the ribbon may be grayed out for any of the following reasons:
• The action is not applicable or it depends on some other action. For example,
you must select the check box for a document before you can check it out.
• The feature is not enabled for the site. For example, workflows may not be
enabled on the site.
You can also save files to a library from some client programs that are compatible
with SharePoint Server. For example, you can save a Microsoft Word document to a
library on a SharePoint site while you work in Word.
To add an item to a list or a file to a library, you must have permission to contribute to
the list or library. For more information about how your organization uses
permissions and permission levels, ask your site owner or administrator.
When you add the item or file, other people who have permission to read the list can
view the item or file, unless it requires approval. If the item or file requires approval,
then it is stored in a pending state in the list or library, until someone with the
appropriate permissions approves it. If you are already viewing the list or library
when an item or file is added, you may need to refresh your browser to see the new
item or file.
Lists and libraries can also take advantage of e-mail features, if incoming or outgoing
mail is enabled on your site. Some lists, such as calendars, announcements, blogs,
and discussion boards, can be set up so that people can add content to them by
sending e-mail. Other lists, such as tasks and issue-tracking lists, can be set up to
send e-mail to people when items are assigned to them.
In addition to adding content to existing lists and libraries, you may have permission
to create new lists and libraries. The list and library templates give you a head start.
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Depending on your permission level, you can also create and customize new pages
and sites.
LISTS
Although there are different types of lists, the procedure for adding items to them is
similar, so you don't need to learn several new techniques to work with different
types of lists. A list item contains text in a series of columns, but some lists may allow
attachments to be added to the item.
TIP Another quick way to add an event to a calendar is to point to the date
on the calendar, and then click Add.
3. Complete the required fields and any others that you want to complete.
4. Click Save.
TIP You can perform actions on multiple items by selecting multiple check
boxes.
2. On the Items tab on the ribbon, click either Edit Item or Delete Item, as
appropriate.
On many types of sites, some lists are created for you. These default lists range from
a discussion board to a calendar list. If you have permission, you can also create lists
from several types of list templates, which provide structure and settings to give you
a head start.
Create a list
1. To create a list, click the Site Actions menu , and then click
More create options.
NOTE If you do not see the Site Actions menu or if the option to create
does not appear, you may not have permission to create a list.
2. On the Create page, click the type of list you want to create. For example,
Links.
3. Type a Name for the list, complete any other fields you want to complete, and
then click Create.
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LIBRARIES
A library is a location on a site where you can create, collect, update, and manage
files with team members. Each library displays a list of files and key information
about the files, which helps people to use the files to work together.
You can add a file to a library by uploading it from your Web browser. After you add
the file to the library, other people with the appropriate permission can see the file. If
you are already viewing the library when a file is added, you may need to refresh
your browser to see the new file.
If you are using a program that is compatible with SharePoint Server, you can create
a new file based on a template while you are working in the library. You can also
save a file to the library from another program such as SharePoint Workspace or
Microsoft Word.
TIP If you are using a program that is compatible with SharePoint Server 2010,
such as Microsoft Word 2010, you can drag and drop documents from Windows
Explorer into the Upload Document dialog box.
2. On the Documents tab on the ribbon, click either Edit Document or Delete
Document, as appropriate.
A default library, called Shared Documents, is created for you when you create
many types of sites. Shared Documents is a document library that you can use for
storing several types of files. You can create more libraries, such as a picture library
for storing images, if you have permission to manage lists.
NOTE If you do not see the Site Actions menu or if the option to create
does not appear, you may not have permission to create a library.
2. Type a Name for the library, complete any other fields you want to complete,
and then click Create.
NOTE To see the other types of libraries you can create, click Site Actions, and
then click More create options. Point to a library option to see a description of it.
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NOTE If you do not see the Site Actions menu or if the option to create
does not appear, you may not have permission to create a library.
3. Type a Name for the library, complete any other fields you want to complete,
and then click Create.
NOTE To set options such as whether the library appears on the Quick
Launch, click More Options before you click Create.
A site can serve a general purpose, such as storing schedules, guidelines, files, and
other information that your team refers to frequently. Or a site may serve a more
specific purpose, such as keeping track of a meeting, or hosting a blog, where a
member of your organization frequently posts news and ideas.
Your organization can use pages, subsites, and top-level sites to divide site content
into distinct, separately manageable sites. For example, each department in your
organization may have its own team site that is part of a larger portal site.
You can add content to sites by adding lists and libraries. If you have permission, you
can also add pages to your site. You may consider adding Web Part Pages, which
enable you to use Web Parts to add dynamic content quickly.
If you need to create new sites, you can choose from several types of site templates
to give you a head start on creating a new site. Whether you can create sites and
subsites depends on how your organization has set up its sites and its permissions to
create them. For more information about how your organization manages permission
to sites, see your site owner or administrator.
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Create a site
1. To create a site, click the Site Actions menu , and then click
New site.
NOTE If you do not see the Site Actions menu or if the option to create
does not appear, you may not have permission to create a site.
4. Choose any other options you want, and then click Create.
Create a page
NOTE The steps for creating a page my vary depending on the type of site you are
on, whether publishing features are enable, and whether approval is required to
publish pages.
1. To create a page, click the Site Actions menu , and then click
New Page.
NOTE If you do not see the Site Actions menu or if the option to create
does not appear, you may not have permission to create a page.
• To format your text, click the Format Text tab on the ribbon and select a
button.
• To insert a Web Part or an existing list, click the Insert tab, click the
appropriate button, select the Web Part or list you want, and then click
Add.
• To insert a new list, click the Insert tab, type a title for your list, click a list
type to select it, and then click OK.
4. When you are finished editing the page, click Save on the ribbon.
Edit a page
1. To edit a page, click the Edit button on the ribbon.
NOTE If you do not see the Edit button, you may not have permission to
edit a page.
• To format your text, click the Format Text tab on the ribbon and select a
button.
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• To insert a Web Part or an existing list, click the Insert tab, click the
appropriate button, select the Web Part or list you want, and then click
Add.
• To insert a new list, click the Insert tab, type a title for your list, click a list
type to select it, and then click OK.
3. When you are finished editing the page, click Save on the ribbon.
NAVIGATING TO CONTENT
Navigation elements help people to browse through the content that they need. Two
navigation items that you can customize are the top link bar and the Quick Launch.
By using the settings pages for each list or library, you can choose which lists and
libraries appear on the Quick Launch. You can also change the order of links, add or
delete links, and add or delete the sections into which the links are organized. For
example, if you have too many lists in the List section, you can add a new section for
Tasks Lists where you can include links to your tasks lists. You can make all of
these changes to the Quick Launch from within a browser that is compatible with
SharePoint Server 2010. You can even add links to pages outside the site.
The top link bar provides a way for users of your site to get to other sites in the site
collection by displaying a row of tabs at the top of every page in the site. When you
create a new site, you can choose whether to include the site on the top link bar of
the parent site and whether to use the top link bar from the parent site.
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If your site is using a unique top link bar, you can customize the links that appear on
the top link bar for the site. Any sites that are created within the parent site can also
be displayed on the top link bar, provided that the sites are configured to inherit the
top link bar of the parent site. You can also include links to other sites outside of your
site collection.
A site owner or administrator can grant permission levels to users and to SharePoint
groups, which contain users. The permissions can be applied to a site, the lists and
libraries on a site, and the items in the lists and libraries.
You can assign different permission levels for different objects, such as a specific
site, list, library, folder within a list or library, list item, or document.
How you organize your lists and libraries depends on the needs of your group and on
how you prefer to store and search for your information. Some planning can help you
to set up the structure that works best for your organization.
Information in lists and libraries is stored in columns, such as Title, Last Name, or
Company. You can use columns to sort and filter items as you would in a
spreadsheet by clicking the column headings in a list or library. You can also use
views to see the items in a list or library that are most important to you.
2. In the Manage Views group, under Current View, click the arrow next to the
views list, and then select a view.
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If you need to store additional information about list items or files in a library, you can
add columns to help you sort, group, and create multiple views of your list. For
example, you can sort a list by due date or group the items by department name.
You have several options for the type of column that you create, including a single
line of text, a drop-down list of options, a number that is calculated from other
columns, or even the name and picture of a person on your site.
Create a column
1. In the list or library where you want to add the file, click the List or Library
tab on the ribbon.
You can also use the columns in a list or library to create views to help specific
departments find the information that they are most interested in, such as tasks with
the highest priority or all the items assigned to each person. For information about
creating and modifying views, see Create, modify, or delete a view.
Some features of lists can help your team to create and manage items efficiently
across several lists or libraries. For example, you can create a column that provides
information about list items and then share it across other lists. Or, if you want to
make a file available in multiple libraries, you can easily copy it to other libraries on
your site. You can be prompted for updates if the file has changed.
For information about managing large lists and libraries, see Manage lists and
libraries with many items.
Sites are designed so that lists, libraries, and other features can be fully accessed by
using only keystrokes. A More Accessible Mode enables users of accessible
technologies to more easily interact with menus and various controls. Skip to Main
Content links enable keyboard users to skip over repetitive navigation links to the
more meaningful content on a page.
The markup of headings is designed to better define the structure and improve
navigation for people who use screen readers. Images that are uploaded to the site
allow for custom alternative text to be defined. For example, you can assign custom
alternative text to the image that appears on the home page in the Site Image Web
Part or to a picture that you add to a picture library. For viewing sites, the high
contrast options in Windows work well for users with low vision.
For more information about browsing sites and using More Accessible Mode, see
Accessibility features.
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TRACKING VERSIONS
Your list or library may be set up to track versions, so that you can restore a previous
version if you make a mistake and view a version history of the changes. When
versions are tracked, revisions to the items or files and their properties are stored.
This enables you to better manage content as it is revised and even to restore a
previous version if you make a mistake in the current version. Versioning is
especially helpful when several people work together on projects or when information
goes through several stages of development and review.
The current published major version is highlighted, and the version number is a
whole number.
Versioning is available for list items in all default list types — including calendars,
issue-tracking lists, and custom lists — and for all file types that can be stored in
libraries, including Web Part pages.
CO-AUTHORING DOCUMENTS
Two or more users can edit a Word document or PowerPoint presentation at the
same time. This new feature enables you to read and write portions of a file stored in
SharePoint. For example, you can work on one paragraph in a Word document while
a colleague works on another paragraph in the same document and at the same
time.
RSS provides a convenient way for you to distribute and receive information in a
standardized format, including updates to lists and libraries. A standardized XML file
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format allows the information to be viewed by many different programs. You can also
subscribe to lists and libraries by setting alerts, so that you know when content has
changed.
A team can use their feeds as a way to customize their content for team members
who subscribe to their feeds and to offer links back to their Web sites. RSS Feeds
are an easy way to keep track of team progress and project updates. Instead of
browsing multiple team Web sites, you receive the latest news or updates from those
sites automatically.
MANAGING WORKFLOW
Workflows can streamline the cost and time required to coordinate common business
processes, such as project approval or document review, by managing and tracking
the human tasks involved with these processes. For example, an organization can
use a predefined Approval workflow or create and deploy a custom workflow to
manage another business process.
Your list or library may support multiple content types. Content types enable
organizations to organize, manage, and handle large amounts of content more
effectively. If your list or library is set up to allow multiple content types, you can add
content types from a list of available options that your organization uses frequently,
such as Marketing Presentations or Contracts.
After you add a content type to a list or library, you make it possible for that list or
library to contain items of that type. Users can then use the New Item button in that
list or library to create new items of that type.
One of the key advantages of content types for lists and libraries is that they make it
possible for a single list or library to contain multiple item types or document types,
each of which may have unique metadata, policies, or behaviors. For more
information about working with content types, see Introduction to content types and
content type publishing.
Provided by
Matt Evans Microsoft
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