Data Visualization Experiments
Experiment 6: Diamonds Dataset – Hexagonal Binning
Aim
To visualize large datasets using hexagonal binning with color palette.
Theory
When datasets contain large data points, scatter plots become cluttered.
Hexagonal binning groups data into hexagons and shows density using colors.
Procedure
1. Install required packages
2. Load dataset
3. Apply hexbin plotting
4. Add color palette
R Code
# Install required packages
[Link]("ggplot2")
[Link]("hexbin")
# Load libraries
library(ggplot2)
library(hexbin)
# Load dataset
data("diamonds")
# Hexbin plot
ggplot(diamonds, aes(x = carat, y = price)) +
geom_hex() +
scale_fill_gradient(low = "lightblue", high = "red")
+
labs(title = "Hexbin Plot of Diamonds Dataset")
Output
Hexagonal bins showing density of carat vs price.
Result
Successfully visualized large dataset using hexbin with color palette.
Experiment 7: Hair Eye Color – Mosaic Plot
Aim
To visualize categorical data using mosaic plot.
Theory
A mosaic plot represents relationships between categorical variables.
R Code
# Load dataset
data("HairEyeColor")
# Mosaic plot
mosaicplot(HairEyeColor,
main = "Hair Eye Color Distribution",
color = TRUE)
Output
Colored mosaic showing category proportions.
Result
Categorical relationships visualized successfully.
Experiment 8: mtcars – Heatmap
Aim
To visualize numerical data using a heatmap.
Theory
A heatmap shows magnitude using color intensity.
R Code
# Load dataset
data("mtcars")
# Convert to matrix
mtcars_matrix <- [Link](mtcars)
# Heatmap
heatmap(mtcars_matrix,
col = [Link](256),
scale = "column",
main = "Heatmap of mtcars Dataset")
Output
Heatmap showing variations across variables.
Result
Data successfully visualized using heatmap.
Experiment 9: Leaflet – Map Visualization
Aim
To perform interactive map visualization.
Theory
Leaflet is used for interactive web maps in R.
R Code
# Install package
[Link]("leaflet")
# Load library
library(leaflet)
# Create map
leaflet() %>%
addTiles() %>%
addMarkers(lng = 78.4867, lat = 17.3850,
popup = "Hyderabad")
Output
Interactive map with marker.
Result
Map visualization performed successfully.
Experiment 10: Iris Dataset – 3D Visualization
Aim
To visualize iris dataset using 3D plots.
Theory
3D plots help visualize multi-dimensional data.
R Code
# Install package
[Link]("scatterplot3d")
library(scatterplot3d)
# Load dataset
data("iris")
# 3D Scatter plot
scatterplot3d(iris[,1:3],
color = [Link](iris$Species),
main = "3D Scatter Plot of Iris Dataset")
Output
3D scatter plot of iris features.
Result
Multi-dimensional data visualized successfully.
Experiment 11: Correlogram – Iris Dataset
Aim
To visualize correlation matrix using correlogram.
Theory
Correlogram shows relationships between variables using colors.
R Code
# Install package
[Link]("corrplot")
library(corrplot)
# Load dataset
data("iris")
# Correlation matrix
cor_matrix <- cor(iris[,1:4])
# Plot correlogram
corrplot(cor_matrix,
method = "color",
type = "upper",
[Link] = "black")
Output
Color-coded correlation matrix.
Result
Correlation patterns visualized successfully.
Experiment 12: Maps Library Visualization
Aim
To draw maps using maps library.
Theory
The maps package provides geographical maps.
R Code
# Install package
[Link]("maps")
library(maps)
# Draw world map
map("world",
col = "lightblue",
fill = TRUE,
main = "World Map")
# Draw India map
map("world", "India",
col = "orange",
fill = TRUE,
main = "India Map")
Output
World and India maps displayed.
Result
Geographical visualization completed successfully