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Evolution

The document discusses various theories regarding the origin of the universe and life, including the Big Bang theory and several hypotheses about life's emergence, such as abiogenesis and biogenesis. It also touches upon the principles of evolution, including natural selection and mutation, highlighting how these processes contribute to the diversity of life. Additionally, it mentions the impact of anthropogenic actions on evolution, emphasizing that evolution is influenced by chance events and environmental changes.

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nidhi02106
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3 views79 pages

Evolution

The document discusses various theories regarding the origin of the universe and life, including the Big Bang theory and several hypotheses about life's emergence, such as abiogenesis and biogenesis. It also touches upon the principles of evolution, including natural selection and mutation, highlighting how these processes contribute to the diversity of life. Additionally, it mentions the impact of anthropogenic actions on evolution, emphasizing that evolution is influenced by chance events and environmental changes.

Uploaded by

nidhi02106
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
OM eC Ra eee Pena ae) aN ONC ne Sr aie a | Fouma that occurs @ eer ne RAOUL Lay ae a mal of an oe ois PO ea GR) Stellar Dietonces’ Otgtamce Sf Planets, tare ete that ave Meagveedin Li guryeaR “+ Sige a ee eam S AAS) waa ANear in Vaccum POL cS CURR ee oT Te eR eee PROC SCS a Lee a ae Se aad Pout Eke ca PEC a ely 7} Origin of UNIVERSE : anor) Pe CN Mach SuEst eatery ere Predkoxet Tembt, 00k Place I (unime Baa Sanaa Vas Hie Coen onad BACT Titres wing iy woe Pk aa 5 7 Ae ea Eee aid formed ages ae i Cites OY om SNe Te a NET e TTR as oe ha v Bare Gre Cara (Cera) Rates Pout keto ca Peon a ely) re a Pernt ec PCa ua ee ro Cre reotece aT Led thavrtoce A, 0 (vo poor) (ore bard Oe eC el ied St aT ae ms ca Say yy eran ae De we ea tae cart emt ea] as Ment Pout Eke ca PEC a ei) ar) Oo} a) im KY ad t aK PRP Un Sr Rt ad Orn aad en A) Lar CUR Eee eee ay) “HO Ca Hi reps CONDEN@ATION , 7 I 5 ae aes x uci ad pera 4 eT se F Ciera s com 7 Pi Pe aT A ye Cra Ta Te ee cs 7 7 ’ ud if / DRS tag ais ea peer a A Eee Lea 0 CO oe tsa e Rae ee anc aan va 2) A Pout Eke ca PEC a ei) ~~ CSR OPR hs eee oe i ; fon Pare lan Chea Ea ne cate one CACC te eee Pout keto ca Peon a ely) Theories of Origin of fife BY) bia CME aatNe qt ACN aE ag me -Y PEN erate a aa aren Se | A m ceo ne Cife wes created a such, a Oo ta ar a ee ere eee ta ® Theor ere eta ania dale events (Mlatuval disasters) Destroys Ld i i PRO or © Crtratemebrial i Crit ra (Lam: SLA aS) Leet Ueto ces Sas rare ares aa Od aro Pout Eke ca PEC a ei) © Theory of Wbtogeneets ox Theory aN Fy ncaa Faia e. V A / Eno ake ea PEC awl) Fs , 4) Vheory of biogencats / Theory of SPonTaneova geneaanon: yy a Rus Last i Guns CLT cd ree ete Sforkancovely a fi oon eae 8 ee ACL al L SNe 4 Grating eres) CTA he cS Bla ys) Daa j PST eRe CRN Rawls) iy E , mN 5) TReovy of Bio geneat @ rd Ne cy ans iol Sarre eau the exfertment 0 Frove SUAS Cat atu ete rad Ponce en as rear De ras eae ee) pe CNet B(eag Lay ‘Hh0) ae PST eRe CRN Rawls) 5 Concloaton , Kt ae) ORAL SO Ne eC Rt Pama) RES Do a eas an i Pan tra) RES PO One 7 No Rife here Se meet eer Cae! (ous Dy S yer La g nv vy mes oo near Seay ALIAS UNA] a al ced eee mo Eno ake ea PEC awl) OWL Ara Mourn ono uaa \amdl) @ SU eeeanr eS Sa eC aaa g P 5 They Baik conditions, on Primitive earth St ad i o ae ife RECO ae a bis a a é uy yeas ee oo cain tia ea PT ean rar focoy @ Dl an a Cera 2 LY ay , ER eRe Complex sugar, Oe if =A iy rs Fam St esl Ade nal Naan ate Ngaeie Reo AY 3 aed ghee: eo ee oasis 24 amic* Br 5 Tea de ECT ULLL RAL Le cleCaa tee i Roane eer ees) ‘in Rab to ehow ib ecPerimently a s, a i) eae Erno ake ea PEC awl) Parts te Single celled, pease COM ed ¥ LL ae SUC OLR LT ae a AHA area aah aa ar Eno ake ea PEC awl) Aaa Vaal 7 aad ie 2% \__, gdark Mtacharae Ps React) 4 ns a ele rarey va Ae ree oa ee ea U7 eee inlet § cr the gaseaio the bbe PSA vag a) d = Oa NET as ata ear ca eee et GURUS aaa Ng Erno ake ea PEC awl) NeM eee cc ate acd ont Tareas le? WW STO a Ra dee NON LC oC ase Erno ake ea PEC awl) Eno eke Ca ea PES awl) Theorlee of Evolution: a teh 2) Davwiatem 3) Mu tation theox Pa MCL Cea voles ane as, Evolution 03 : Class Notes || Lakshya NEET 2026 2) Lamnovektern] TReosy of vee & Drevae/Theowy of (nhertkamee of : Q n 7 | NV Aequtved Characters Nr ne OCA Ta 2 a Ba eT OP en eT TT MA ae ee nao en Pen LaRosa Aa Q Chamge in Environment forces the amimalg to Ao £0 ii) Organs thak ave ged more will be AeveloBed more & Khose a ree ST ema are CTE me eras eran a ae ne Tee Wa ow Galan cy Iran annrtaae) mad hd ota) (ey at Evolution 03 : Class Notes || Lakshya NEET 2026 ag Me gee og a re Het 1 @] Omen a Ae ae ag eels rea Le) er Se NC eas Reese i Stretched Neck: Elongated i) COSTE Sin aan cua pe ran ra) @ Do\lvbton VW 5 ee AN cs eo) Nts ene Oe f CACAO “White wingeR moth a Beare Serr Cae tecys reve Te Melamsed moth Camoutta ge dy ae Wi ite Pare Se Lon DA AUT Pac a rape tran een) Erno Lake ee eco awed NC Cait ae eats re Ng Enon Lake ea REDS awed © Watibrolie seatetomt Locterta: @ New amediver Perl UCR Pe la ante Paeae ry ews ) OU ac) ON AON ae Wik ae coe - Sorvived (may be 7 P og aaa res Aad Variations that nabla i baal Oe ae ee ae oem een san SLES Tras AeBroduce & form Newt is Enon Lake ea REDS awed Ge mea See cma a ry CE a axes ana Dal Arran ee CY Seta Ce hail : Aare fife a cia ae ard ae aL cea PeaCT eta ae hen would bake oar OM aa eae mae) OMe re CaO rT NOC SS ad ay AN Te aa Carn Sera) Aiea ahd ae oy a ors are Renn aaa Ret) son) c Peete ee one 00974 Op eeum at es a Oratnel (Ancestral) Bird: mall Black Birds le Lived on Matalaad a ie ae Gunes ee Ce menos rae Pointed — fon UVa CN 1 a anc aT oa a Cana aah Ba nw Cad eo OM aoe REL Rae) Uae Le a ye NEE -T72 Cd ee a1 a Beak » ABN en ete) fed Na J =} fox ‘| ea NN aed ve tol Ba EE ie Cae Fear i. ater eta aang Sand Na rr a ea ene eat aa ee EL Rae) Similarly, excess use of herbicides, pesticides, etc., has only resulted in selection of resist n lesser time scale. This is also true for microbes against which we employ antibiotics or dr organisms/cell. Hence, resistant organisms/cells are appearing in a time scale of months or years and not centuries. These are examples of evolution by anthropogenic action-Jhis also tells us that process in the jeterminism. It is a stochastic process chance events in nature and chance mutation in the organisms. | BES CCCaCe a Laat aDe Se Pare at nro (-vamdem) sate Fj Oa Ce Cat a OM aoe REL Rae) aCe Cnr rated aed ares ares SR ee ta Ce — Directional haa aac ee ee > Marubtive Seleckten ro a BEL res ri aah Ces © Normal Selectten errs ie oe 0 me ard Ba tars Sat ea eae Eres Ps iT a Crees 4 rears V4 lve) OM aoe REL Rae) oe aA ee ao ced i rae eA hea oe a a OC Ce aaa OM aoe REL Rae) 3) pea an FOC afk ANT ny a Oy med a Say a aa OURet Ce erecta es SO ic mae SINT aera ak eae oy + NEN ara Pn eee cae Eonar lass Notes || Lakshya NET 2026 OM aoe REL Rae) ee tee Di XO @ 2) ite Sta PROM TCU Aan) Bs at Strvcluves UY, a SET eh aaa Neat ae 5 SED ta Ke COE ar Pac) H coeur arated iRaetb—— Nora en ea ae Aa cs a a 4"? mart Bien te on Serer H Di vendre evoloten. [ ‘ : oxelimB of Nena rae eH 2, oa DA SA) dve bo tt ifPevent aQatation dudlio Cgusimring) Patna cae oun ta wird Un fonckionally sa Jorelimba of Gat, cheetah whale Human vAll hag Radive, Vina, re Meena eee cae ea ae ieee ON ale a aah Pebita L 5 Ay tava Se ee ea a LT ae eee mpibia,Repbilie, Res, rey) eat SA ecard i EO macho) Ln aren at no ah % Ta rot ag EL ae ir2) i) res Aa - Stwelues Ravin: Cota 7 ey aaa a common 4 unction ee Pt RS an Dt en es CAN eC A Swe oa Pea a au ce eee n af fe sf i "¢ 4 peal cos Clea oriented ee eae rar oe are rere es)) a hd eer mot of ae Ui i Mammale ( Visien) A ala ay “ied {phersof Pr a Stites eee ead Enon eke ea PEC ae ier) , i) Yestigeal organs: Shows that certatn, aren ere ny pega oUt TES Poa ota aca eg Wisdom booth, Sa [reg au) Ce [eye CO Te Riko eis oa Se Cota e tue ce Ais on or een Beh Paes CaP acran Caen 4 Py: ea cern oer ES 7 Tee eee Rhee eae ‘ i ar eens: we BIZ — ~ = Eno eke ea PES awl) {)EMBRYOLOGICAL EVIDENCES: wn nae 1 @ if SILT ented ewe eee ee core ec try Tue] (eee CeE UU Me Ts eT Cm Ta UCR tte BULLS UT TaN : Pace ey recabtbolates a Pets ar vee CCC CRUSC CoC Rac CoRieaaar mop ar et eee Nel eMC UT) ak ls a Pe ee eee erent annie ma ctan in aoe Sa eer] PRUE ance Cce a eh tag Snare hs ; OI eon pc aay ara ai kato. a Eto eke ea PEC awe) (0) BIOCHEMICAL EVIDENCE: MC eae WF cue a ee function among diverse organisms give clues to Cea Q ceo Common in Vertebvates & Pnvertebrates lei DOA Ae AeA SOY Evolution 06 : Class Notes || Lakshya NEET 2026 Sanaa EVIDENCES: en at aS ce an a ae lete eee egal tt aad Pere ae ae tok Mea, TNE Ce OS ole LM RE earth's crust indicates the arrangement of Rene ne ma Meola ee Cols ACM UF Pee ae eR COC ume CRN lee eee ROO MuC en RUCd eae Cen om aS) 1-1 ees = Ce Dinosaurs). Enon eke ea PEC ae ier) eh nO tect Sediment indicate the Te a Saas Os Cal ind Ox me COR are uae | a 8 sonunee Relative maar (¢ ne al Pare al) a) To Eee res i i Water Deas oo Enon eke ea PEC ae ier) (ARTIFICIAL Edie + (Man has bred selected plants and als for agriculture, horticulture’ sport or security) Man has domesticated many wild animals and crops’ (This intensive breeding programme has created breeds that differ from other breeds (e.g., dogs) but still are of the same group) It is argued that Gf within hundreds of years, man could create new breeds, could not naturéhave Evolution 07 : Class Notes || Lakshya NEET 2026 Ber eee ect Lo Ca 0) ile) on Ce oe Ca POnert mati Oa Caer saan PT MeO Rd a Ns ical ene POOL: Som tobal of all genes & thety alleleatn a Population ae aa ai Suk LT SL Ya Pe ma geen ata oe | ce from on cara rea UCN RCE TACs Cae q > Genetic recembinatien, me’ Ta ee ee Ta! ANCA EM Ake ea ed PENN tae 2) er Alternate form of Gene ( mn Me aera " ppaeee Raa nel Car 9 ake ra me oat sae of ear aai| Dierernng Svea e COT ae) UCL RTS tea ee # YREeQuency: CLageroom: io oon on rer enna we L a ro A a aca ae " eee tube Md i) OM Ake Ca cca PEL uN ayy Co Pees Baas amir ea Gs ST a eerie ie mao ar a Sng Cut rr eee Arh, aK es Evolution 07 : Class Notes || Lakshya NEET 2026 ea EY VAS nr Me ON Valea PN Aas eae | ECEE Ow te tree? DY FY ites dD 4 (ert Rp ey Ey eu ea CAamgein medium ery jh, mea eres) Merobial PoBuiation( A) i t SS oa Evolution 07 : Class Notes || Lakshya NEET 2026 (3) zu haa a a A ea ee) Ceieation se necs DCO Dae a aa a Pe aan folatien (Ent) ina io aad meh Vi id a tard EM Ake ea ed PENN tae 2) ore Wie CROTON a Su Le a a ation i yy eat (Oe ra caee ae ver La a e a The Birds which Plew cs maaan ie i Nee to PO Ree ae Ute Sonal | Evolution 07 : Class Notes || Lakshya NEET 2026 Oe ee a ce Fiat Poe Casas ; s CAME She aa Cader) Steeda OCR Crt rey i ia aad Prot (oe SR ota aa 5 i pau les ec Neck Cetaace Ee Evolution 07 : Class Notes || Lakshya NEET 2026 PLY Ea Ceca sents wah. COE ACOA) a Ven Botnt of a geograbhical ISR Ce ION aang een t i ( . Ce ara ne Ace RCN Piara (Ce 5 K i) eT ie, (foveRed mammals) eae oat femme oa: eC toy om DNA aay ener TN iy rT) colle Evolution 07 : Class Notes || Lakshya NEET 2026 RANT rte let_ame aie nd ot CU g he Lemur Flying Squtrrel wae on | a 7) ce q Raita Bs col ren raed oor ed Fl eas (Humbe —-™moube By A eer Grras _s nae aor mole Ree presale TC a Lee ao Bobcat een tn aU snarenvei Evolution 07 : Class Notes || Lakshya NEET 2026 Eto eke ea ea PEC awe) Pe Ctl ne CN A TaN oN a nt rs £ [oe To Ree —F Fock Eto eke Ca ea PEC aw ler) NSE) 40 ae CMa Oa teen IY Ctre rs ere er Teo A & of ReBtile) re a ere TTS fee ec hne Frere ier neat ag cant Oita e aay reaenela Eoe tan: ire (On) Jaleogote Eto eke Ca ea PEC awl) ONCOL eNO UO nr en Earth——— 54.5 bya (+ Hon cellulay 4ovm Daa Ea “3 Fe NT Eee Jawless fish > 350 mya. RE Oe En CeO By We are told that the first organisms that invaded land were plants. sd Seat Rca sire 7] could move on land and go back TOM ig + eed A In a fish caught in South Africa happened to be a Coelacanth. ee oe ie mC cence nem mck Ie URS UE OC Ruane ent k tical Eto eke Ca ea PEC awl) Seen ce See IN mC nC o ei ook uae) as + Some of these land reptiles went back-. ______s, 200 mya (e.g. Ichthyosaurs). CaN Onn Cac src SS Co ae Cae eae oe ear MUMS en aU en Cm nea het match erase C kt ccia ia) Sere ete Tg Ss ea eR) 65 mya Some satd Climatic change LILLEDHem, geome said baat A SMe SUD ESC eR LL A ere TU Re Re hue RS CoRR aw lys) ne Ee CTS Re ratg Due bo thie $ amerita Besa ELE ™Mammale vegembeling boday's ME ae DR aad Sut were overridden ih america's Fauna that Deminant ae TOE te ease aD oe Aa rs eae of asa Eto eke ea ea PEC awe) Eto eke ea ea PEC awe) a a “ a Various Verte brates Eto eke Ca ea PEC aw ler) a Ry ee ae ene Wn Taaee GONAReRreTe) Extinct MTSE TTIN — (Extinct) ixaall Tae (Extinct) Eto eke ea ea PEC awe) EN aA OT Ce CTS Pranaes oe COiter \ ez Bt 7 a cers nee ov mo TN rset Sear) DER ced PES sar Eto eke Ca ea PEC aw ler) EVolution of Mam Van (Ue ELTA Meee Ceca cao vag ae vai 2 RCC OS cea eae pfitheevg eer peer fe Ee a r ae COs i A Ban taal t@ more similaNto ed i Cu) eu (ial co Sachs BACON YY a Tae dN CN ALTA ae CROMAGNON Ree es Exmonc SEAR ac “14 a ne cry) maaan Mom % vA Be BUCS NN Serna Soo ta seu a colette | Sau LURE Tit eee Mal Me Mam like Primate live 4 Tey Penney Smee Sea Mie Dy ‘a re ra Roe red Pe Awd Ory eC as erry (ee MoN Mar Rite, Posaile a Ewes Brats Walked Liked Gorigalla § as CN TP LL Vhs LO prea Ces 9 ee Ta , aria CUP a Ce a RPaelth ures Eno ke ea PEC awe) eae ae 650- 00 ec + Cranial Capacity ome hab ig SOc earn ae uD! Al are robs bly Parra ed Sta Er Traeraed ea Cac Palore NY Th 1954, fogstl klat— lomo evectue SON RCE TCT) MENA Varma on Cr ey pained + (Covsind UseQ a 7 re Fines SM CT NNT STON cE) are i) CK: Sapien neandert STE ae ete T a ae OLN rio EAE uh) SOc tna are Wonae a rare Rr aca Co aa in ale 5 Pa vm Arana) Pe ee re era ey Plowers. Borried dead jas ~~ | PET ART ee a) eee SRA aKa ETT) Leu Vee att nr Rao AY a oA Wi C0000 yx Age) : pete i274 eran ed curren rs ees poring Cee TS of fuman TO erry RGrvnres wal ALL

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