Windows Server 2012 R2
Installation Active Directory, DHCP and File server configuration
Name: Mezgebe Manaye Gebru
Email : mezgebman@[Link]
Website : [Link]
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Windows Server 2012 R2 Installation Active Directory
Before beginning the process of installing Windows Server, it is important to ensure that all
necessary preparations have been made. The specific requirements will vary depending on
whether you are installing the server on a virtual machine or a physical device.
You are required to install on a virtual machine, you will need virtualization software (VMW
or Oracle virtual box), the Windows Server 2012 installation files and windows client
installation files (Windows 7/8/10). Here are the steps to install windows server 2012.
1. the first is to choose the time format we use that is Indonesia. the goal is that windows server
has the same time with the client that will access windows server.
In the next stage is to click install if friends are sure will install windows server 2012 R2
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2. The third step is to enter the key that friends get when buying windows server 2012 R2
In this step we will choose server with GUI. by choosing this option then windows server that
we install is windows server that has look like windows desktop in general that is with view.
whereas if friends choose the core installation server, then it will look like a Linux console
where there is only black and white.
3. At this stage live in accept only then next. at this step windows tell about license term
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4. In this Step we will choose a custom install which means before we have not installed
windows server on the hard drive. if friends want to upgrade from the previous version of
2003 or 2008 version then the choice that friends can take is upgrade
5. In this Step we will select the partition to be used, then click next.
Next we just need to wait until the windows server installation process 2012 is complete
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6. After finished with the installation then we will be asked to fill the password for windows
server 2012. for passwords are required to use a combination of letters and numbers
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How to Configure Active Directory on Windows Server 2012 R2
This step-by-step tutorial will guide you to set up active directory on your Windows Server
2012 R2 machine. The article has been divided into following two parts:
1. Installing active directory on a machine
2. Promoting that machine to act as a domain controller
Prerequisites
To follow this tutorial, you need to ensure that:
1. Administrator account has strong password
2. Static IP is configured
3. Latest windows updates are installed
4. Firewall is turned off
Configure a static IP on Windows Server
By default, our machines come with your main IP address installed. You will need to
upgrade your machine in our client area if you need additional IP addresses. After this, you
can start assigning the IP addresses to your windows machine.
Prerequisites
• Administrator login credentials.
Step 1: Go to Network and Sharing Center
Go to Start > Type in Control Panel and open Control Panel > Network and sharing center
and press View network status.
Step 3: Go to Ethernet Status
Click on Ethernet. This will open the Ethernet status window.
Step 4: Go to Ethernet Properties
Click on Properties and select Internet Protocol version 4 (TCP/IPv4) and
click Properties.
Step 5: Configure the main IP address
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You are able to configure the main IP address of your machine here Select Use the
following IP address if it’s not selected.
Fill in the following using your details in your client panel.
IP address: [Link]
Subnet Mask:[Link]
Default Gateway:[Link]
Installing Active Directory
Step 1: Open Server Manager from task bar
Step 2: From Server Manager Dashboard, click on Add Roles and Features
Step 3: Before you continue, make sure you have a strong administrator password, static IP is
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configured and security updates are installed on your machine. Click Next
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Step 4: Choose Role-based or feature-based installation and click Next
Step 5: Select the destination server on which you want to configure active directory from
server pool. In our case, it is local server which is selected by default so click Next
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Step 6: Choose Active Directory Domain Services from server roles page. Once you have
chosen ADDS role, a window will appear showing you additional required features. Click Add
Features and then click Next
Step 7: Keep Group Policy Management as default on feature selection window and click
Next
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.
Step 8: Read the important notes about Active Directory Domain Services and click Next
Step 9: Review the installation and then click Install
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Step 10: When an installation completes, click Close
Configuring Active Directory
Step 1: Open Server Manager from task bar and click on Notifications
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Step 2: In notifications window, click on Promote this server to a domain controller
Step 3: Choose Add a new forest from deployment operation choices and enter Root domain
name. Click Next
Step 4: In domain controller options window, leave Windows Server 2012 R2 as the default
selection in forest and domain functional level. Keep Domain Name System (DNS) server
checked and provide Directory Services Restore Mode (DSRM) password. Click Next
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Step 5: Ignore warnings in DNS options window and click Next
Step 6: In additional options window, verify NetBIOS name of domain and click Next
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Step 7: Note down the Database, Log files and SYSVOL folder paths and click Next
Step 8: In review options window, review your choices including domain name, NetBIOS
name, and Global catalog etc. Click Next
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Step 9: Click Install when all prerequisite have been successfully passed
When an installation completes, you will be prompted that your machine has successfully been
configured as domain controller and will be rebooted automatically.
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Active Directory Users and Computers
Adding new user
User login
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❖ Create Users
Now that you have created OUs in the [Link] domain, you are ready to populate the
directory service with objects. In this exercise, you will create several users in two of the OUs
you created in Exercise 1, “Create Organizational Units.” These user objects will be used in
practices and exercises later in this training kit.
1. Log on to SERVER as Administrator and open the Active Directory Users and
Computers snap-in.
2. Follow the procedure in the “Creating a User Object” section earlier in the chapter and
create the following users in the People OU. For each user, create a complex, secure
password. Remember the passwords you assign you will be logging on as these user
accounts in other exercises and practices in this training kit.
3. In the console tree, expand the Domain node, [Link], and select the People OU.
4. Right-click the People OU, choose New, and then select User.
The New Object – User dialog box appears.
5. In First Name, type the user’s first name: Sol.
6. In Last Name, type the user’s last name: Man.
7. In User Logon Name, type the user’s logon name: dholme.
8. In the User Logon Name (Pre-Windows 2000) text box, enter the pre-Windows 2000
logon name: dholme.
9. Click Next.
10. Enter an initial password for the user in the Password and Confirm Password boxes.
The default password policy for an Active Directory domain requires a password of
seven or more characters. Additionally, the password must contain three of four-
character types: upper case (A–Z), lower case (a–z), numeric (0–9), and non-
alphanumeric (for example! @ # $ %). The password cannot contain any of the user’s
name or logon name attributes.
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Remember the password you assign to this user; you will be logging on as this user
account in other exercises and practices in this training kit.
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Many training resources suggest using a generic password such as P@ssword. You may
use a generic password for the practices in this training kit; however, it is recommended
that you create unique passwords, even in a practice, so that you are using best practices
even in a lab environment.
11. Select User Must Change Password at Next Logon.
12. Click Next.
13. Review the summary and click Finish.
14. Right-click the user object you created and choose Properties.
15. Examine the attributes that can be configured in the Properties dialog box. Do not change
any of the user’s properties at this time.
16. Click OK.
17. Repeat steps 3–12 and create the following users in the People OU.
❑ Abel Adam
● First name: Abel
● Last name: Adam
● Full name: Abel Adam
● User logon name: jfine
❑ Bravo Sultan
● First name: Bravo
● Last name: Sultan
● Full name: Bravo Sultan
● User logon name: bmayer
❑ Suzana Ketema
● First name: Suzana
● Last name: Ketema
● Full name: Suzana Ketema
● User logon name: sketema
18. Repeat steps 3–12 and create a user account for yourself in the People OU. For the user
logon name, use your first initial and last name. Create a complex, secure password and
remember it because you will be logging on as this account in other exercises and
practices in this training kit.
19. Repeat steps 3–12 and create an administrative account for yourself in the Admins OU.
This account will be given administrative privileges. Create the user object in the
Admins OU rather than in the People OU. For the user logon name, use your first initial
and father name, followed by _admin, for instance, shenok_admin for Sol Henok’s
administrative account. Create a complex, secure password and remember it because
you will be logging on as this account in other exercises and practices in this training
kit.
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Change computer name and domain name
Username and password to change the DNS
Then restart the computer
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Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)
1. You should install the role and RSAT Management features like described in Point 1 to
Point 6 in this article. Please select this time DHCP Server.
Figure 1: DHCP Server Figure 2: DHCP Server
Figure 3: DHCP Server Figure 4: DHCP Server
2. After you installed the DHCP Server, you should see the role in the Server Manager. You
should also see the warning that you have to complete the DHCP Server configuration. Please
click on "More" to open the detail information.
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Figure 5: DHCP
3. In the detail window please click on "Configure DHCP configuration" to start the
Wizard.
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Figure 6: Configure DHCP configuration
4. The Install Wizard starts.
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Figure 7: Install Wizard starts
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5. In the next step you can authorize the DHCP server to your active directory. You should do
this because DHCP will update DNS and AD DS entry's directly after allocating IP to DHCP
Client. The credential you choose should have Domain admin rights.
Figure 8: Domain admin rights
6. After this the DHCP will be authorized to AD DS. In my lap this took 5 minutes.
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Figure 9: DHCP will be authorized
7. Please be advised in Windows Server 2012 "closed" don't mean the configuration has
finished. It only means that configuration will be done in Background. You can see the status
by clicking on the Flag in the top of the Server Manager.
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Figure 10: Closed
8. To configure a DHCP Scope we have to open the DHCP MMC. So please click "Tool" and
then "DHCP".
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Figure 11: DHCP Scope
9. In the DHCP MMC we click right on the DHCP Server and then on first on "Add/Remove
Bindings...".
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Figure 12: Add/Remove Bindings
10. Please check if your Binding is set on the right Network Interface if not please change it
before you go on.
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Figure 13: Network Interface
11. After you checked and changed the settings, please click ok and go back in the DHCP
MMC. Klick right on the DHCP IPv4 stack and select "New Scope".
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Figure 14: New Scope
12. The wizard starts. Klick "Next".
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Figure 15: Wizard starts
13. Select your Scope Name and a Description.
Figure 16: Scope Name
14. Now you have to select the IP range and the subnet, that will be managed by your server.
To calculate the range, you need you can use this online tool LINK.
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Figure 17: IP Address
15. Now you can select exclusion from DHCP e.g. static IPs or reservations and the delay.
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Figure 18: IP Address
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Figure 19: Address Range
16. Now you have to set the lease time. Lease means the time that a DHCP client keeps his IP
before he asks the DHCP server again for a renewal. When you have a big IP scope and
enough IP's and no special security audits in your company, you could keep 8 days. When you
use DHCP for Wi-Fi connections or only a few IP's left, you should set the lease to maximum
2 days.
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Figure 20: DHCP
17. Here you can select if you want to configure the DNS, default gateway and WINS via
wizard or later manually. In this guide I will configure the options with wizard. Later I will
show you how to configure it manually.
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Figure 21: WINS via wizard
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18. At first, we configure the default gateway. Normally this is a router or routable
switch (Layer 3 Switch).
Figure 22: Router
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Figure 23: Router Switch
19. After this we configure the DNS Options that will be provided via DHCP. First the
Domain name. This should be the name of your DNS Zone that will be handled with this IPs
and the DNS Servers. You can have as much DNS Servers as you need but mostly, I see that
Admins have 2 or 3 redundant DNS Servers.
Figure 24: DNS Server
Every entry you make will be checked. If an DNS Server is not reachable you will get a
warning but you are able to enter the IP either.
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Figure 25: DNS Server
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Figure 26: DNS Server
20. Auf configuring DNS you can configure WINS. In my case I will leave this point out
because I have no application or operating system planned that need WINS. You can
configure it manually later at any time, so no worries.
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Figure 27: Configure WINS
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21. We have nearly finished, now you can decide if you want to start the scope now ok later.
Please select now.
Figure 28: Start the scope
22. Now click "Finish" and the scrope will be installed and activated.
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Figure 29: Scope will be installed and activated
23. The DHCP MMC should look now nearly like this.
Figure 30: DHCP MMC look
24. To check, please power on one of your clients in this network and check with: IPconfig
/all if you get an IP and the settings you have entered in the DHCP Server.
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File Server Resource Manager (FSRM) configuration
Introduction
Windows File Server Resource Manager (FSRM) enables you to classify your most
important and sensitive data in your File Servers. Add the FSRM role from the File &
Storage Services in the “Add roles and features wizard”.
You can refer to the following to configure FSRM so that it works with LepideAuditor.
Once properly configured, you will be able to see the records in LepideAuditor itself.
Installing the role
1. Go to Server Manager and click on “Add roles and features” to bring the following
window:
Figure 1: Add Roles and Features Wizard
2. Click Next and Select your Domain Controller from the list.
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3. Scroll down to “File and Storage Services” and expand “File and iSCSI
Services” to see “File Server Resource Manager”.
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Figure 2: Server Roles in the Roles and Features Wizard
4. Click Next and install the role.
Initial Configuration
Now that File Server Resource Manager is installed on the server, there’s
some initial configuration that you’ll need to perform first.
1. First, open the FSRM administrative tool. Right-click on File Server
Resource Manager (local) and then Configure Options.
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Figure 3: Configuring Options in File Server Resource Manager
2. The first tab you’ll be presented with is the Email Notifications. Here’s where
you’ll want to specify your SMTP server and other default email settings. The
Default administrator recipients can be used in other areas of FSRM as a
variable. If you need to customize who receives which notifications (for
example, one person receives quota notices and another receives storage
reports), you’ll be able to configure that later.
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Figure 4: File Server Resource Manager Options
3. The Notification Limits tab allows you to limit how often notifications are
generated. Typically, the defaults have worked well for me personally, but your
mileage may vary.
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Figure 5: Notification Limits in FSRM
4. The Storage Reports tab allows you to customize default parameters on the
various storage reports FSRM generates. These defaults can be overridden, but
let you set baselines or defaults so you don’t have to constantly change your
parameters if you’re using the same thing over and over. Typically, we don’t
make changes here until we’ve been able to baseline a particular file server.
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Figure 6: Storage Reports in FSRM
5. The Report Locations tab, as the name implies, lets you change where reports
generated by FSRM are stored.
6. Do not make any changes to these locations as these will also be entered in the
LepideAuditor console.
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Figure 7: Report Locations in FSRM
7. The File Screen Audit tab lets you enable storing of file screening activity in an
auditing database. There is not much use for this feature. However, depending
on your environment, this could be very valuable to enable if you need to track
files that are being blocked form your file server.
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Figure 8: File Screen Audit in FSRM
8. The Automatic Classification tab allows you to set a schedule for your file
classifications to run. If you’re planning on using this feature, you’ll need to
visit this tab at some point to set up a schedule.
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Figure 9: Automatic Classification in FSRM
Creating a Classification Property
In this section we’ll discuss File Classification Management and how it can be
used to better manage files on your file server. File Classification allows you to
set additional file attributes outside of what are normally associated with a file.
Files typically have attributes like author, last saved, company, owner, etc.
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File Classification allows you to supplement those attributes with additional
information that may be industry or organization specific based on classifications
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you perform manually or automatically. File Classification has been greatly
improved in Server 2012. Many of the features discussed below like which users
can classify files, the UI in Explorer, and automatic classification aren't available
in Server 2008 R2.
1. In the FSRM administrative tool, go to the Classification Management area. Expand
Classification Management and click on Classification Properties. Now click on Create
Local Property.
Figure 10: Classification Properties in FSRM
2. Set a Name, Description, and Property type. Property types can be Yes/No, Date/Time,
Numbers, Multiple Choice Lists, Ordered Lists, Single Choice, String, and Multi-String.
In the example here, we've used Social Security Number since that is a very common
piece of data, companies in the US consider sensitive and want to identify.
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Figure 11: Creating a Local Classification Property
Creating a Classification Rule
3. Now that we’ve created a file classification, we can configure the classification to be
applied to files automatically via a schedule or on an ongoing basis. In the FSRM
administrative tool, go to Classification Rules under the Classification Management
Area, and click on Create Classification Rule.
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Figure 12: Classification Rules in FSRM
1. In the General tab, set a Rule name and ensure that Enabled is checked.
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Figure 13: General Section of Classification Rule
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2. In the Scope tab, set the type of data and folders that will be scanned.
Figure 14: Scope of Classification Rule
3. In the Classification tab, set the Classification method to Content Classifier. In Property,
choose the classification and set the value. In Parameters, click Configure. In the
Classification Parameters, you'll have to set the logic that will be used for finding information
inside files. In the case of our example, Social Security Numbers always follow the pattern
3 numbers, 2 numbers, 4 numbers. In addition to use regular expressions, you can also use a
string value (both case-sensitive and case-insensitive).
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Figure 15: Classification Parameters
4. In the Evaluation Type tab, determine whether files should be re-evaluated or whether they
should be evaluated only once. Also determine whether you want to overwrite or keep old
values and click OK.
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Figure 16: Evaluation Type in Classification Rule
5. You may have also noticed the option, Configure Classification Schedule in the
Classification Rules area. If you're updating your classification rules, you will need to revisit
these settings. If you're planning on automatically classifying files, your business needs are
going to dictate how often you need the process to run. An initial pass over a large data set
can take quite some time... so definitely set the schedule to run during off hours and setting
the limit.
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Figure 17: Automatic Classification in FSRM
Creating/Modifying a Storage Report
1. To create a new storage report for any property, select 'Storage Reports Management' and
either right click in the work area to select 'Schedule a New Report Task' or click on the
same option from the 'Action' page in the right.
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Figure 18: Scheduling a New Report Task
2. Enter a Report Name. Uncheck all other reports and check only 'Files by Property'
in the 'Report Data' section.
Adjust the 'Maximum Number' if needed. Check ‘XML’ in Report Formats and click on
'Edit Parameters'
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Figure 19: Storage Reports Task Properties
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3. In the 'Report Parameters' window, select a Property from the drop down, modify
any additional settings if necessary and click on 'Ok'.
Figure 20: Report Parameters
4. Configure the 'Scope' and 'Delivery' tab options as needed: Select the folders in
which reports should be generated.
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Figure 21: Browsing for Folder in Storage Reports Task
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Steps to Extend the Limits
5. Right click on the 'File Server Resource Manager (Local)' node and select
'Configure Options':
Figure 22: Configure Options in FSRM
1. Go to 'Storage Reports' tab:
Figure 23 Storage Report Tab in FSRM
2. Change the 'Maximum Number' value shown below to a higher one (e.g.
1,000,000).
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Figure 24: Maximum Number in FSRM Storage Reports
3. Select 'Files by Property' in the Reports list box and click on the 'Edit Parameters' button
to open the 'Report Parameters' window.
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Figure 25: Editing Parameters in FSRM Storage Reports
4. Change the values in the 'Maximum number of property values per report' and 'Maximum
number of files per each property value' fields to a higher one (e.g. 50 and 1,000,000
respectively) and click on 'Ok' button.
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Figure 26: Automatic Classification in FSRM
Selecting the Report Format
To select the proper format of the report used by LepideAuditor, we need to manage it from
following two locations:
A. From the “Automatic Classification” Tab in Configure Options window
B. From the “Storage Report Task Properties” Window
A. From the “Automatic Classification” Tab in the Configure Options window
To set the report type, go to the 'Automatic Classification' tab and check the 'Generate a
Report' and ‘XML' check boxes, as displayed. (Note: XML reports are mandatory).
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Figure 27: Generating a Report in FSRM
B. From the “Storage Report Task Properties window
This must be done either whilst creating a storage report or editing an existing storage
report:
1. Select an existing Storage Report and double click to open its properties.
2. In the settings tab, select XML from the “Report Formats” and click “OK”.
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Figure 28: Report Formats in Storage Reports Task Properties
Setting a Schedule
A schedule must be set in two sections in FSRM:
A. In the “Automatic Classification” Tab of the Configure Options Window
B. In the “Storage Report Task Properties” Window
A. In the “Automatic Classification” Tab of the Configure Options Window
1. Check the 'Enable fixed schedule' box.
2. Set a time in the 'Run at' time field.
3. Select a routine: Weekly or Monthly.
4. Check the days on which classification rules should run.
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Figure 29: Schedule for Automatic Classification
5. To classify files on the fly as soon as they are created, check the 'Allow continuous
classification for new files' box, as shown below:
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Figure 30: Continuous Classification for New Files
B. In the “Storage Report Task Properties” Window
Go to the “Schedule” tab in the Storage Report Task Properties window and select
the Time, Frequency (Weekly or Monthly) and Days and click “OK”.
Figure 31: Storage Reports Task Properties Schedule
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Changing the Default Location of Storage Reports
By Default, storage reports are located at C:\Storage Reports. To change the default storage
location for FSRM reports, go to the 'Report Locations' tab and select the desired folders in the
highlighted fields shown below. (Make sure the same folders are selected in the Lepide
configuration).
Figure 32: Report Locations in FSRM
On Demand (Manual) Report Generation
1. Run automatic classification reports by right clicking the 'Classification Rules' node and
selecting the below highlighted option OR selecting the node and clicking on said option in
the 'Action' pane.
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Figure 33: Running Classification with All Rules
2. Run on demand storage reports by right clicking on each report and selecting the 'Run
Report Task Now' or by clicking on the same option from the 'Actions' pane after selecting
the respective report.
Figure 34: Running Report Tasks
Declassification of the Files
To clear any classification property from files which no longer have any sensitive data, configure
the below option whilst creating or editing classification rules.
1. Check the 'Re-evaluate existing property values’.
2. Select 'Overwrite the existing value' and check both the boxes below it.
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Figure 35: Evaluation Types
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Network Setting configuration for Windows 7/8/10
Prerequisite
• Install windows 7/8/10 on the virtual machine
1. Opening Network & Sharing Center
The first step is to open the Network and Sharing Center. The quickest way to get to it is by
clicking on Start and typing in network and. This will instantly bring up the app in the list.
1. Select Properties.
2. Double click Internet Protocol (TCP/IP).
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Figure 2: Local Area Connection Properties
3. Now set your client (Windows 7) IP address, and ensure that you are
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using a dynamic IP address.
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4. Select obtain an IP address automatically.
5. Select obtain DNS server address automatically.
6. Click the “OK” button and close all remaining windows.
Joining Domain (Windows 7 client)
7. Click Start ►Right-click My Computer.
Figure 3: My computer
8. Select Properties.
Figure 4: Computer Name Changes - Workgroup
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9. Click on Change setting
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10. Click the Computer Name tab, and then click Change.
11. Click the More button...
Figure 5: Computer Name Changes - Workgroup
12. Specify [Link] as the Primary DNS Suffix for This Computer.
Figure 6 : DNS Suffix and NetBIOS Computer Name
13. Click the OK button.
14. Change Computer Name to clientW7.
15. Select "Member of ....... Domain" and enter the name of your Domain.
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Figure 7: Computer Name Changes - Domain
16. Click the OK button.
17. Now Domain Server will prompt you for Username and Password. Enter
any username and password you have created before on the server side.
Figure 8: Join Domain Verification
18. If you get this welcome message: Windows: "Computer Name Changes"
- Welcome to the ....... domain"; it means you are successfully joining a
domain.
Figure 9: Domain Welcome Message
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19. Since joining a domain is a major change in the security configuration of
your system, you will be reminded that you have to restart your system. Click
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Figure 10: Restart Reminder
20. You will be back in the System Properties, where you are now listed as
being part of a domain.
21. Click OK to close the remaining dialog boxes.
22. Click YES to restart the computer.
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