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Microservices API Gateway Pattern Architecture

The document outlines the role of an API Gateway in microservices architecture, highlighting its functions such as dynamic routing, rate limiting, and centralized authentication. It compares API Gateway and Service Mesh, noting their different focuses on client-to-service and inter-service communications, respectively. Popular tools for each are also mentioned, including Kong and Istio.

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2 views1 page

Microservices API Gateway Pattern Architecture

The document outlines the role of an API Gateway in microservices architecture, highlighting its functions such as dynamic routing, rate limiting, and centralized authentication. It compares API Gateway and Service Mesh, noting their different focuses on client-to-service and inter-service communications, respectively. Popular tools for each are also mentioned, including Kong and Istio.

Uploaded by

dikshith.718
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Microservices API Gateway & Service Mesh Architecture Guide

Distributed Routing, Rate Limiting, Service Discovery, & Observability

1. API Gateway Pattern in Distributed Systems

An API Gateway serves as a centralized entry point for client applications accessing underlying microservice fleets.
It abstracts service topology, handles protocol translation, enforces rate limiting, and manages cross-cutting security
concerns.

• Dynamic Routing & Load Balancing: Evaluates incoming request paths and routes traffic dynamically to
healthy service instances using round-robin or least-connection algorithms.
• Rate Limiting & Throttling: Protects downstream microservices from traffic spikes using Token Bucket and
Leaky Bucket algorithms.
• Centralized Authentication: Validates OAuth2 / JWT tokens at the boundary to prevent unauthenticated
requests from penetrating the internal service network.

2. API Gateway vs. Service Mesh Comparison

Dimension API Gateway (North-South) Service Mesh (East-West)

Primary Focus External client to internal service traffic Inter-service pod-to-pod communication

Deployment Centralized cluster or distributed edge reverse Sidecar proxy container deployed per
Model proxy application pod

API monetization, billing, consumer key mTLS encryption, distributed tracing, circuit
Key Capabilities
management breaking

Kong, AWS API Gateway, Apigee, Envoy


Popular Tooling Istio, Linkerd, Consul Service Mesh
Gateway

Microservices API Gateway & Service Mesh Architecture Guide • Enterprise Technical Manual • Knowledge Exchange Edition

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