Science Reviewer: 1st Quarter
Lesson 1-“Review of Food Molecules”
This is needed to grow new cells and repair damaged cells.
Protein These are also made up of amino acids bonded together by
peptide bonds.
Food high in Protein: Meat, Eggs, Fish, Milk
This Provides us energy we need in our daily activities and for
Carbohydrates our body to function properly.
Food high in Carbohydrates: Bread, Pasta, Rice, Potatoes,
Cereals
Starch This food is a type of carbohydrate. It is made up of glucose
molecules bonded together.
This are used by the body as insulation, a way to store energy
Fats/Lipids and make cell membranes. This are also made up from fatty
acids and glycerol.
Food high in Fat: Oil, Butter, Nuts, Cheese
Supports the body in using other nutrients efficiently. They
Vitamin& maintain good overall health.
Minerals Ex. Vitamin C, found in citrus fruits, it ensures our blood
vessels, bones, skin and cartilage remain healthy.
Food high in Vitamins and Minerals: Fruits, Vegetables
Helps the digestive system transport food through the intestines
Fiber and out of the body. A correct dietary of – helps reduce the risk
of heart disease, bowel cancer, type 2 diabetes and obesity.
Food high in Fiber: Beans, Pulses, Vegetables, Oats
Lesson 2-“Digestive System”
Digestion Breaking down of food into simpler substance.
2 Parts of
Digestion:
1. Mechanica The process of chewing, grinding of food. (mastication)
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2. Chemical The process of eating the nutrients. (absorption)
Ingestion The food travels into the stomach.
Digestion
Process:
This is the entry point of the digestive system and plays
Mouth important functions, it allows the initial stage of digestion by
breaking down large foods and breaking down starch into sugar
using the amylase found on your saliva.
Types of Teeth:
Incisors In front there are 8 teeth at the top and bottom which is used
for cutting food.
Canines These are the 4-pointed tooth at the top and bottom which are
used for tearing apart the food.
Pre-Molars The set of teeth of humans include the 8 premolars (4 upper, 4
lower) between the canines and molars for crushing and
grinding.
Molars There are 12 molars (6 upper, 6 lower, including 4 wisdom) at the
back of the mouth for chewing and grinding food.
The swallowing motion of the mouth creates the bolus which
Pharynx/Throat travels to the – also known as – and through the act of
swallowing the bolus moves down the esophagus.
This type of digestive system ensures the smooth movement
Esophagus of food from the mouth to the stomach. Its primary function
is to facilitate the passage of food.
Choking This occurs when unchewed food goes down through the trachea
instead of the esophagus
Bolus When the food has broken down for the mouth, it forms into a ball
known as --.
Peristalsis The movement of food due to smooth muscles moving in a
process called --.
A part of the digestive system that is hollow muscular organ
that holds food while being mixed with enzymes. Its key
Stomach function include temporary food storage, mechanical and
chemical digestion, and emptying partially digested food into the
small intestine.
This type of digestive system, it’s main function is breaking down
Small Intestine food, absorbing nutrients, and moving the intestinal contents
along the digestive tract. It absorbs carbohydrates, proteins
and fats.
This type of digestive system absorbs water, and electrolytes,
Large Intestine forms stool, facilitates bacterial fermentation, and protects against
infections.
Rectum and This type of digestive system acts as a reservoir where stool
Anus accumulates before being ready for elimination. (feces/poops)
This part of digestive system is located behind the stomach, It
performs 2 key functions, It produces enzymes that help break
Pancreas down sugar, fats, proteins, and starches during digestion. I
releases hormones that help regulate blood sugar level and
stimulate stomach acids.
This part of digestive system produces bile, aiding fat digestion
Liver and nutrient absorption. It processes toxins and removes them
from the blood. It creates substances necessary for blood
clotting after injury. It helps maintain healthy blood sugar levels.
This part of the digestive system is a small, pear-shaped organ
Gallbladder located beneath the liver. Its primary role in the digestive
system is to store and concentrate bile produced by the liver.
Bile helps to break down fats into fatty acids during digestion.
a yellow-green liquid made by the liver and stored in the
Bile gallbladder. Its main function is to help break down fats in the
food we eat so the body can absorb them easily.
Lesson 3-“Diseases of the Digestive System”
This type of disease in the digestive system also known as acid
Gastrointestinal reflux, the sphincter muscle of the stomach connecting to the
Reflux Disease esophagus weakens resulting to a backflow of stomach acid
creating a burning sensation to the chest.
Peptic Ulcer This type of disease in the digestive system ulcer are painful
lesions on the stomach lining caused by a bacteria called
Helicobacter Pylori, this worsens by imbalance in the gastric
juices due to skipping meals.
Stomach Cancer This type of disease in the digestive system that is a malignant
tumor that develops in the lining of the stomach.
This type of disease in the digestive system is where in the
bowel movement is infrequent resulting to a difficulty in
Constipation excreting feces. This is due to the slow movement of the
large intestine. This results in the absorption of water resulting
to a hard, and dry feces.
This type of disease in the digestive system is the opposite of
Diarrhea Constipation which is the result of microorganisms in the food
that is not properly prepared.
This type of disease in the digestive system is an enlargement
of the Appendix due to a blockage due to a hard mass of
Appendicitis feces, this blockage can cause a rupture which is fatal. The
Ruptured appendix can excrete infected matter into the
abdominal cavity which can lead to sepsis.
This type of disease in the digestive system more commonly
Colorectal known as colon cancer or rectal cancer depending on the
Cancer starting location it is a malignancy of the colon or rectum are that
can be due to a diet.
This type of disease in the digestive system is the abnormal or
Obesity excessive fat accumulation that presents a risk to health. A
body index over 25 is considered as overweight, over 30 is
obese.
This type of disease in the digestive system is the condition that
Malnutrition develops when the body is deprived of vitamins, minerals
and other nutrients, it needs to maintain healthy tissues and
organ function.
Lesson 3-“Excretory System”
Parts of the
Excretory
System:
Kidney