Lesson Plan: O-2
Teacher: Nimra Nisar
Subject: Computer Science
Week #2 (Day 1) Date: Chapter: Internet It’s uses
Topic: Web Browser
Resources: Book, Board, markers, Slides, Animations
Time: 40 mins
Learning Objectives:
● Explain the purpose and functions of a web browser
Introduction: (Time: 1 mins)
Ask students: "When a website sends data to your device, it arrives as code. What software reads this code and
turns it into the websites we see?"
Introduce the web browser as the essential software that acts as a translator, allowing us to interact with the
World Wide Web.
Connect this back to previous lessons: the browser uses the internet infrastructure to request web pages, then
displays them.
Day 4:
Phase 1:
Concept Explanation:
The Purpose of a Web Browser:
A web browser is software that allows a user to access and display web pages on their device screens.
Its main purpose is to render / interpret (translate) hypertext markup language (HTML) sent from websites.
It shows the result of this translation as videos, images/text, and audio on the user's device.
The Functions and Features of a Web Browser:
Storing bookmarks and favourites: Allows a user to store their favourite websites and web pages for quick
access.
Recording user history: Keeps a history of websites visited by the user.
Providing navigation tools: Allows the user to navigate forwards and backwards through websites and web
pages already opened.
Allowing use of multiple tabs: Allows many web pages to be open at the exact same time.
Providing an address bar: Used to type in and display the URL.
Having a home page: A default page that opens when the browser is launched.
Storing cookies: Making use of small files called cookies to save user data.
Storing data as a cache: Storing temporary data in a cache.
Making use of hyperlinks: Allowing navigation between pages. These can be opened by simply clicking or
opened in a new tab using <ctrl> + <click>.
Making use of JavaScript: Running interactive content (for example, clicking a button, hovering over a menu, or
typing into a search box) using JavaScript.
Phase 2:
Written Work:
Formative Assessment: (Time: 5 mins)
Match the browser function to its description:
1. cookies
2. cache
3. user history
4. bookmarks
A: Keeps a record of websites visited by the user.
B: Stores a user's favourite websites/web pages.
C: Small files that the browser makes use of to save data.
D: Temporary data storage location used by the browser.
Answer: 1-C, 2-D, 3-A, 4-B.
Summative Assessment: (Time: 5 mins)
Explain the main purpose of a web browser and state three standard functions it provides to assist a user
when navigating web pages. [4 marks]
Homework: (Time: 1 min)
Reflection:
● Am I satisfied with the way the plan was executed? [ ]
● Were the lesson objectives realistic? [ ]
● Did I stick to the timings? [ ]
● What changes did I make from my plan and why? [ ]
________________
Subject Coordinator
Teacher: Nimra Nisar
Subject: Computer Science
Week #2 (Day 2) Date: Chapter: Internet It’s uses
Topic: Web Page is located, retrieved, displayed
Resources: Book, Board, markers, Slides, Animations
Time: 40 mins
Learning Objectives:
● Describe how web pages are located, retrieved, and displayed on a device when a user enters a
URL
Introduction: (Time: 1 mins)
Ask students: "Computers communicate using numbers, but humans use words. If websites are stored on
servers with numerical addresses, how does typing in a text URL
like [Link] actually take us to the right website?"
The Core Problem: Explain that every web server hosting a website has a unique numerical IP address.
The Solution: Introduce the Domain Name Server (DNS) as the lookup system that translates human-
readable URLs into computer-readable IP addresses.
Day 4:
Phase 1:
Concept Explanation:
1. The Domain Name Server (DNS): A system containing a database of URLs with matching IP addresses. It
converts the URL into the IP address the computer can understand, eliminating the need for users to
memorise IP addresses.
Hypothetically:
The Step-by-Step Retrieval Process
When a user types a URL into a web browser, the following steps occur:
Step 1 (Request): The user opens their browser and types in the URL. The browser asks DNS server (1) for the
corresponding IP address of the website.
Step 2 (Forwarding): If DNS server (1) cannot find the URL in its database or cache, it sends a request to DNS
server (2).
Step 3 (Mapping & Caching): DNS server (2) finds the URL, maps it to its IP address (e.g., [Link]), and
sends it back to DNS server (1). DNS server (1) saves this IP address and URL into its cache/database for future
use.
Step 4 (Return): The IP address is sent back to the user's computer.
Step 5 (Connection & Rendering): The user's computer sets up communication with the website server using
the IP address and downloads the required pages. The website server sends the HTML files to the computer.
The browser interprets the HTML to structure the content and displays the information on the screen.
Phase 2:
Written Work:
1. Key Terms
IP Address: A unique numerical address assigned to a web server hosting a website.
Web Server: A computer that hosts websites and sends HTML files to requesting client computers.
Formative Assessment: (Time: 5 mins)
Question 1: Sequencing Task
Put the following steps of locating and retrieving a web page into the correct order (from 1 to 4):
(A) The computer sets up communication with the website server to download the HTML files. [Step 3]
(B) The browser interprets the HTML and displays the web page on the screen. [Step 4]
(C) The browser asks the DNS server for the IP address of the website URL. [Step 1]
(D) The DNS server resolves the URL and sends the IP address back to the user's computer. [Step 2]
Question 2: Why do we use URLs and DNS servers instead of just using IP addresses?
Answer: They eliminate the need for a user to memorise numerical IP addresses.
Summative Assessment: (Time: 5 mins)
Any student can explain all these steps
Describe the process of locating and retrieving a web page, explaining the roles of the web browser, the DNS,
and the web server when a user enters a URL. [6 marks]
Homework: (Time: 1 min)
Reflection:
● Am I satisfied with the way the plan was executed? [ ]
● Were the lesson objectives realistic? [ ]
● Did I stick to the timings? [ ]
● What changes did I make from my plan and why? [ ]
________________
Subject Coordinator
Teacher: Nimra Nisar
Subject: Computer Science
Week # 2 (Day 3) Date: Chapter: Internet It’s uses
Topic: Cookies and types
Resources: Book, Board, markers, Slides, Animations
Time: 40 mins
Learning Objectives:
● Explain what is meant by cookies and how they are used, including session cookies and persistent cookies
Introduction: (Time: 1 mins)
Ask students: "When you log into a website, close your browser, and open it again later, why does the website often
remember your name and keep you logged in?"
The Concept: Introduce cookies as small digital files that act as the website’s "memory."
The Setup: Explain that without cookies, a website would treat you like a stranger every single time you click a new
link.
Day 4:
Phase 1:
Concept Explanation:
What is a Cookie?
Cookies are small files or code stored on a user's computer.
They are sent by a web server to a web browser on a user's computer.
Each cookie acts as a small look-up table containing pairs of (key, data) values (for example: (surname,
Jones) or (music, rock)).
They track data about users, such as IP addresses and browsing activity.
Sessional and Persistent Cookies:
Persistent Cookie (Everyday Example):
Flow charts Explanation:
Phase 2:
Written Work:
1. Definition of a Cookie
Cookies are small files or code sent by a web server to a web browser and stored on a user's computer.
They store data to track user preferences, IP addresses, and browsing activity.
2. Common Uses of Cookies
Saving personal/login details.
Tracking user preferences (e.g., automatic language select).
Storing items in online shopping carts.
Storing progress in online games and quizzes.
Targeting users with customized advertising.
3. Session Cookies vs. Persistent Cookies
Session Cookies:
o Stored in temporary memory.
o Cease to exist once the browser is closed.
o Used for temporary tasks like saving items in a virtual shopping basket.
Persistent Cookies:
o Stored on the hard drive until an expiry date is reached.
o Remain active after the browser is closed.
o Used to remember login details to authenticate the user's browser and remove the need to type in login
details every visit.
Formative Assessment: (Time: 5 mins)
3. Why do you think persistent cookies are sometimes referred to as tracking cookies? Give at least two pieces of
evidence to support your answer.
Answer: Persistent cookies are sometimes referred to as tracking cookies because they remain stored on a user's hard
drive over a long period (even after the browser is closed) to monitor and record user behaviour on the internet.
They record browsing activity and habits and used for targeted advertising.
Summative Assessment: (Time: 5 mins)
Explain what is meant by a cookie and describe the differences between session cookies and persistent
cookies in terms of where they are stored and their lifespan. [4 marks]
Homework: (Time: 1 min)
Reflection:
● Am I satisfied with the way the plan was executed? [ ]
● Were the lesson objectives realistic? [ ]
● Did I stick to the timings? [ ]
● What changes did I make from my plan and why? [ ]
_______________
Subject Coordinator