FIRE
PROTECTION
AUTO M ATI C FI RE S P RI NKLE R S YS TE M
FUNCTI O NALI T Y AND FAMI LI ARI Z ATI O N
WHAT DOES AFSS STAND
FOR?
• AUTOMATIC FIRE SUPPRESSION SYSTEM
• AUTOMATIC FIRE SPRINKLER SYSTEM
DRY PIPE SYSTEM
PRE-ACTION SYSTEM
DELUGE SYSTEM
WET PIPE SYSTEM
An Automatic Fire Sprinkler System (Wet Pipe System) is a
network of pressurized water-filled pipes which starts at the domestic
water service line and ends with strategically spaced fire sprinkler heads
located throughout the building.
It is designed to contain and control an unfriendly fire allowing the
people inside the building to have the time needed to escape from danger
and decrease the amount of damage to the building from heat and
smoke.
HOW DOES IT
WORK?
Heat activates the sprinkler head that has a heat-sensitive
element like glass bulb or fusible link that when heated, will cause the
bulb or fusible link to break and the system will release pressurized water
to suppress the fire and help to control it before it spreads.
TYPES OF
SPRINKLER HEADS
BY ACTIVATION MECHANISM:
GLASS BULB SPRINKLER HEADS FUSIBLE-LINK SPRINKLER HEADS
BY RESPONSE TIME:
1. STANDARD RESPONSE SPRINKLER HEADS
2. QUICK RESPONSE SPRINKLER HEADS
BY TEMPERATURE RATING:
BY ORIENTATION/INSTALLATION:
1. PENDENT SPRINKLER HEADS
2. UPRIGHT SPRINKLER HEADS
3. SIDEWALL SPRINKLER HEADS
4. CONCEALED SPRINKLER HEADS
PENDENT SPRINKLER HEAD
PENDENT SPRINKLER HEAD
PENDENT SPRINKLER HEAD
UPRIGHT SPRINKLER HEAD
UPRIGHT SPRINKLER HEAD
UPRIGHT SPRINKLER HEAD
SIDEWALL SPRINKLER HEAD
SIDEWALL SPRINKLER HEAD
SIDEWALL SPRINKLER HEAD
CONCEALED PENDENT
SPRINKLER HEAD
CONCEALED PENDENT
SPRINKLER HEAD
VALVES AND
ACCESORIES
1. Floor Control Valve
(Normally open valve)
Floor control valves control water flow into the system.
Butterfly Valve (OPEN) Butterfly Valve (CLOSE)
OS & Y Gate Valve (OPEN) OS & Y Gate Valve (CLOSE)
2. Supervisory Switch
A supervisory switch monitors whether the floor control valve is open or
close. It sends signal to the fire alarm panel and triggers an alarm if it is
close.
3. Water Flow Switch
A water flow switch is an electro-mechanical and alarm initiating
device that is installed typically in the feed main of the sprinkler
system that detects water movement in the system.
4. Main Drain Valves (Normally close valves)
Drain valves are used to drain off water from the system.
5. Sight Glass
A sight glass allows a visual confirmation of water flow in the system.
6. Inspector’s Test Connection
The inspector’s test connection allows functional testing of the
system without activating an actual sprinkler head.
7. Fire Department Connection
Fire Department Connection allows firefighters to pump water into
the system during a fire emergency.
PUMP ROOM EQUIPMENT
AND VALVES ASSEMBLY
1. Fire Pump
A fire pump is a critical component of a building’s fire protection
system. It provides the necessary water pressure and flow to the
system.
2. Jockey Pump
A jockey pump (also called a pressure maintenance pump) is a
small, motor-driven pump that works alongside the main fire pump.
Its job is to maintain system pressure and prevent the main fire
pump from starting unnecessarily.
3. Fire Pump and Jockey Pump
Control Panel
The fire pump control panel and the
jockey pump control panel are the
brain of the fire pump and the
jockey pump respectively. They
monitor and control the operation of
the said pumps, ensuring they start
automatically or manually when
needed during a fire emergency.
4. Alarm Check Valve Assembly
An Alarm Check Valve is a key
component in a wet pipe system.
It allows one-way flow of water
into the system preventing
backflow, it detects flow and
triggers an alarm by operating a
mechanical alarm gong to alert
occupants. It consists of:
1. Retard Chamber – main
purpose is to delay false alarms
caused by pressure surges or
minor pressure movements.
4. Alarm Check Valve Assembly
2. Alarm Gong – a mechanical bell powered by flowing water.
4. Alarm Check Valve Assembly
3. Test Valve and Drain Valve – allow simulation of flow for testing alarm
function and draining off trapped water in low points or the retard chamber.
4. Alarm Check Valve Assembly
4. Pressure gauges – show water supply and system pressure
5. Pressure Relief Valve
A pressure relief valve is a safety device designed to protect the system from
overpressure by releasing excess water when pump pressure exceeds a safe level.
6. Flow Meter
Fire pump flow meter may be used
to determine the discharge of a fire
pump. Water from the pump is
temporarily directed through the
flow meter, then to drain or back to
the water supply source. These
flow meters are calibrated to
measure the fire pump output
directly in gpm or gallons per
minute.
FIRE HOSE CABINET
Types of Fire Hose Cabinet
1. Surface-mounted Type Fire Hose Cabinet
2. Recessed/Flushed Type Fire Hose Cabinet
COMPONENTS OF A
FIRE HOSE CABINET
1. Angle Hose Valve
Angle hose valves are commonly used for effectively restricting
water flow from the system to the fire hose.
2. Fire Hose Rack
Fire hose racks are used to store the fire hose and allows quick
deployment of the hose.
3. Fire Hose Pipe
Fire hose is a high-pressure hose that is used to manually deliver
water to extinguish a fire.
4. Spray Nozzle
The spray nozzle is the part on the end of the hose that is used to
control water stream and some may have adjustable spray patterns.
5. Fire Extinguisher
A portable fire extinguisher can quickly control a small fire if applied
by an individual who is properly trained.
COMMONLY USED
TYPES OF FIRE
EXTINGUISHERS
Dry Chemical Fire Extinguisher
Carbon Dioxide Fire Extinguisher
Clean Agent Fire Extinguisher
HCFC-123 HFC-236fa
(IMPORTATION IS PROHIBITED) (ALTERNATIVE CLEAN AGENT)
WHAT SHOULD BE
DONE IF A SPRINKLER
HEAD BREAKS
ACCIDENTALLY WHEN
THE SYSTEM IS
ALREADY
OPERATIONAL?
1. The floor control valve on that specific floor should be CLOSED
immediately.
2. The fire pump must also be checked if it goes off. If so, shut
off the fire pump and turn it back on.
3. Drain off excess water from the system on the affected floor.
4. After draining, the broken sprinkler head must be replaced.
5. After replacing the broken sprinkler head with a new one, the
system must be refilled by slowly opening the floor control
valve to allow the flow of water. Before doing so, make sure
that all drain valves are close.
6. Finally, check for leaks. If none, the system should be back to
normal.
END OF PRESENTATION