Solution and Colligative

MCQs

1. Among the following equimolar aqueous solutions, identify the one having highest boiling point.
(A) urea (B) sucrose (C) sodium chloride (D) sodium sulphate

2. The addition of non – volatile solute into the pure solvent _______.
(A) increases the vapour pressure of solvent (B) decreases the boiling point of solvent
(C) decreases the freezing point of solvent (D) increases the freezing point of solvent

3. Which of the following solutions shows maximum depression in freezing point?

(A) 0.5 M 𝐿𝑖2 𝑆𝑂4 (B) 1 M NaCl (C) 0.5 M 𝐴𝑙2 (𝑆𝑂4 )3 (D) 0.5 M 𝐵𝑎𝐶𝑙2

4. The temperature at which vapour pressure of a liquid becomes equal to the atmospheric pressure is
_________:
(A) melting point (B) boiling point (C) 273 K (D) 373 K

5. Which of the following is NOT a colligative property?

(A) vapour pressure (B) depression in freezing point
(C) elevation in boiling point (D) osmotic pressure

6. Colligative property depends only on ______ in a solution.

(A) number of solute particles (B) number of solvent particles
(C) nature pf solute particles (D) nature of solvent particles

7. The substance ‘X’, when dissolved in solvent water gave molar mass corresponding to the
molecular formula ′𝑋3 ′. The van’t Hoff factor (i) is:
(A) 3 (B) 0.33 (C) 1.3 (D) 1

8. The determination of molar mass from elevation in boiling point is called as ________:
(A) cryoscopy (B) colorimetry (C) ebullioscopy (D) spectroscopy

9. Which of the following 0.1 M aqueous solutions will exert the highest osmotic pressure?
(A) 𝐴𝑙2 (𝑆𝑂4 )3 (B) 𝑁𝑎2 𝑆𝑂4 (C) 𝑀𝑔𝐶𝑙2 (D) KCl

10. In calculating osmotic pressure, the concentration of solute is expressed in _________:

(A) molarity (B) molality (C) mole fraction (D) percentage mass

11. Which solution shows positive deviation from Raoult’s law?

(A) phenol and Aniline (B) Chloroform and Acetone
(C) Ethanol and Aceton (D) Chloroform and Ethanol

12. The freezing point of 0.1 m aqueous solution of urea, if 𝐾f for water is 1.86 K kg 𝑚𝑜𝑙 −1 is
________:
(A) 1.86°C (B) – 1.86°C (C) 0.186°C (D) – 0.186°C
 Theory Questions

1. What is the effect of temperature on solubility of a gas in a liquid?

2. State Henry’s law. How does solubility of a gas in water varies with the temperature?
3. State Henry’s law.
4. Write four conditions for ideal solutions.
5. Derive the equation of Raoult’s law for binary solution containing non – volatile solute.
6. Define colligative properties.
7. Derive the relationship between relative lowering of vapour pressure and molar mass of non –
volatile solute.
8. What is ‘boiling point’?
9. Define ebullioscopic constant.
10. Derive the relation between elevation of boiling point a molar mass of solute.
OR
Derive the mathematical expression between molar mass of a non – volatile solute and elevation
of boiling point.
OR
How will you determine molar mass of non-volatile solute by elevation of boiling point?
11. Define: Ebullioscopic constant.
12. Define boiling point. Write the formula to determine molar mass of a solute using freezing point
depression method.
13. Define: Freezing point.
OR
What is freezing point of a liquid?
14. Define: Cryoscopic constant.
15. Write mathematical expression between Cryoscopic constant and molar mass of solute.
16. Write the SI unit of Cryoscopic constant.
17. Derive the relation between freezing point depression and molar mass of solute.
18. Define semipermeable membrane.
19. Define the following terms:
(i) Isotonic solution (ii) Hypertonic solution (iii) Hypotonic solution
20. Derive an expression to calculate molar mass of non-volatile solute by osmotic pressure
measurement.
21. Define osmosis.
22. Write the condition of reverse osmosis.
23. How will you determine molar mass of solute from osmotic pressure?
24. What is osmotic pressure? OR define osmotic pressure.
25. Define van’t Hoff factor.
26. How van’t Hoff factor is related to the degree of dissociation?
OR
Write the relation between van’t Hoff factor and degree of dissociation of an electrolyte.
27. What is the concentration of dissolved oxygen at 50°C under pressure of one atmosphere if partial
pressure of oxygen at 50°C is 0.14 atm? (Henry’s law constant for oxygen = 1.3 × 10−3 mol
𝑑𝑚−3 𝑎𝑡𝑚−1 ).
28. Henry’s law constant for 𝐶𝐻3 𝐵𝑟(𝑔) is 0.159 mol 𝑑𝑚−3 𝑏𝑎𝑟 −1 at 25°C. What is solubility of
𝐶𝐻3 𝐵𝑟(𝑔) in water at same temperature and partial pressure of 0.164 bar?
29. The vapour pressure of pure benzene is 640 mm of Hg. 2.175 × 10−3 kg of non-volatile solute is
added to 39 g benzene; the vapour pressure of solution is 600 mm of Hg. Calculate molar mass of
solute [𝐶 = 12, 𝐻 = 1].
30. Calculate the mole fraction of solute, if the vapour pressure of pure benzene at certain temperature
is 640 mmHg and vapour pressure of solution of a solute in benzene is 600 mmHg.
31. A solution containing 0.73 g of camphor (molar mass 152 g 𝑚𝑜𝑙 −1 ) in 36.8 g of acetone (boiling
point 56.3°C) boils at 56.55°C. A solution of 0.564 g of unknown compound in the same weight of
acetone boils at 56.46°C. Calculate the molar mass of the unknown compound.
32. 3.795 g of sulphur is dissolved in 100 g of 𝐶𝑆2. This solution boils at 319.81 K. What is molecular
formula of sulphur in solution? The boiling point of 𝐶𝑆2 is 319.45 K.
[Given that 𝐾𝑏 for 𝐶𝑆2 = 2.42 K kg 𝑚𝑜𝑙 −1 and atomic mass of S = 32].
33. The boiling point of benzene is 353.23 K. When 1.80 gram of non-volatile solute was dissolved in
90 grams of benzene, the boiling point is raised to 354.11 K. Calculate the molar mass of solute.
[𝐾𝑏 for benzene = 2.53 K kg 𝑚𝑜𝑙 −1 ].
34. The normal boiling point of ethyl acetate is 77.06°C. A solution of 50 g of non-volatile solute in
150 g of ethyl acetate boils at 84.27°C. Evaluate the molar mass of solute if 𝐾𝑏 for ethyl acetate is
2.88 K kg 𝑚𝑜𝑙 −1 .
35. The normal boiling point of ethyl acetate is 77.06°C. A solution of 50 g of non-volatile solute in
150 g ethyl acetate boils at 82.60°C. Calculate molar mass of solute. [𝐾𝑏 = 2.77°C kg 𝑚𝑜𝑙 −1 ].
36. 1.0 × 10−3 kg of urea when dissolved in 0.0985 kg of a solvent, decreases freezing point of the
solvent by 0.211 K. 1.6 × 10−3 kg of another non-electrolyte solute when dissolved in 0.086 kg of
the same solvent depresses the freezing point by 0.34 K. Calculate the molar mass of another
solute. [Given molar mass of urea = 60]
37. The freezing point of pure benzene is 278.4 K. Calculate the freezing point of the solution when
2.0 g of a solute having molecular weight 100 g 𝑚𝑜𝑙 −1 is added to 100 g of benzene.
[𝐾f of benzene = 5.12 K kg 𝑚𝑜𝑙 −1 ].
38. 5 % aqueous solution of cane sugar has freezing point of 271 K. Calculate freezing point of 5 %
glucose solution. [Molar mass of cane sugar = 342 g 𝑚𝑜𝑙 −1 ].
39. What is the molality of an aqueous solution of KBr having freezing point – 3.72°C (𝐾f for water is
1.86 K kg 𝑚𝑜𝑙 −1 ).
40. 2.4 × 10−3 kg of a substance dissolved in 0.120 𝑑𝑚3 of water gave an osmotic pressure of 1.331
atmospheres at 293 K. Calculate the molecular weight of the substance.
(Given K = 0.082 𝑑𝑚3 atm 𝐾 −1 𝑚𝑜𝑙 −1).
41. A solution of a substance having mass 1.8 × 10−3 kg has the osmotic pressure of 0.52 atm at 280
K. Calculate the molar mass of the substance used. [Volume = 1 𝑑𝑚3 , R = 8.314 J 𝐾 −1 𝑚𝑜𝑙 −1].
42. An organic substance (M = 169 gram 𝑚𝑜𝑙 −1 ) is dissolved in 2000 𝑐𝑚3 of water. Its osmotic
pressure at 12°C was found to be 0.54 atm. If R = 0.082 L atm 𝐾 −1 𝑚𝑜𝑙 −1, calculate the mass of
the solute.
43. Calculate the amount of 𝐶𝑎𝐶𝑙2 (van’t Hoff factor i = 2.47) dissolved in 2.5 L solution so that its
osmotic pressure at 300 K is 0.75 atmosphere.
[Given: Molar mass of 𝐶𝑎𝐶𝑙2 is 111 g 𝑚𝑜𝑙 −1 , R = 0.082 L atm 𝐾 −1 𝑚𝑜𝑙 −1].