PARAMOUNT INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL

SESSION 2020-21
Class:VII Subject: Science
Topic: Reproduction in Plants

Q1. Fill in the blanks

a. __________________are known as male and female reproductive cells.
b. In________________ and______________, new plants are produced from bulbs of plant.
c. _________________, lemon and ___________________reproduce by stem cutting.
d. The _____________and_______________ make up male part of the flower i.e. stamen.
e. ___________________is a point on the stem or branch from where a new leaf arises.
f. The ovule develops into the______________________ after fertilization.
g. The transfer of pollen grains to the stigma with in the same flower or between flowers of
the same plant is called__________________ pollination.
h. The transfer of pollen grains to the stigma between from different plants of the same
species is called _________________________ pollination.
i. The process in which plants and animals give rise to more of their own kind is known as
__________
j. _______ is the reproductive part of the plants.
k. Algae reproduce by __________________.
l. Banana and bamboo are underground stems called__________________.
m. If a new plant has to grow from an underground stem, the type of reproduction is called
__________________.
n. Onion and garlic are __________________.
o. Potato is a modified stem it is called __________________.
p. The process of vegetative propagation where the stem of a herb or a Shrub is cut and
planted in the ground is called __________________.
q. An orange flower is not unisexual because it has __________________.
r. The male reproductive part of the flower is the __________________.
s. The __________________ develops inside the ovule.
t. The tip of the style of a flower is called the __________________.
u. During pollination when the pollen grains are transferred from the flower of a plant to
another flower of the same plant we call it __________________.
v. An insect -pollinated flower will most probably have __________________.
w. When pollen grains from a flower reach the stigma of a flower of another plant of the
same kind it is called __________________.
x. The union of a male gamete with the female gamete is known as __________________.
y. The __________________ develops into a root system.

Q2. Answer the following questions-

i. Why is reproduction necessary for organisms?
Ans
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________.
[Link] two advantages of each of the following:
[Link] propagation-
____________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________.
[Link] dispersal-
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________

iii. Define the following:

a. Reproduction-
____________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
b. pollination-
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
c. Fertilization-
____________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________.
d. Vegetative propagation-
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
iv. Describe the functions of the following
a. Stamens-
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
b. ovary-
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
c. Stigma -
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
d. pollen tube-
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
.
[Link] grains-
____________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________.

Reproduction in Plants
Question and answers

Q1. Describe the different methods of asexual reproduction. Give examples.

Ans. Different methods of asexual reproduction are:
(a) Fragmentation: In this process, body of the organism breaks up into two parts. Then each
part grows into a new filament thus forming two organisms from a single one. Example
Spirogyara,
(b) Spore Formation: The spores are tiny spherical unicellular structures protected by thick
wall. The spores are stored in a hard outer covering and this is called sporangium. Under
favourable conditions the hard cover breaks and spores spread for germination. Example-
Fungus,fern etc
(c) Budding: In yeast, new organisms are produced by the bud formation from the parent
organism. After growing to full size, the bud gets detached and forms a new independent
individual. Example- Yeast
(d) Vegetative propagation: When vegetative parts of a plant like stems, leaves and root etc.,
give rise to new ones, it is called vegetative propagation.
[Link] does the process of fertilization take place in flowers?
[Link] the pollen grain reaches the stigma of a same species flower, it starts
growing out into the pollen tube of the stigma. This tube continues to grow inside the style till
it reaches the ovule. Male cells are released into the ovule for the fertilization with the female
egg cell and thus the zygote is formed. After this process of fertilization, the ovary develops
into fruit and ovule into seeds.

Fertilization

[Link] the various ways by which seeds are dispersed.

Ans. Following are the ways in which the seeds are dispersed:
(i) Some light seeds like that of madar, which are hairy, dry and small are carried away by the
wind to different places.
(ii) Spiny seeds and fruits like that of xanthium and urena, stick to the clothes of passers-by
and animals. These seeds are carried away by these agents to different places.
(iii) In some plants having heavy seeds like that of coconut, water acts as the dispersing
agents.
(iv) Some seeds are dispersed with the fruit burst like in case of balsam and castor

Q4. How the male gametes reach the female gametes in plants(Pollination)?
Ans The male and female gametes fuse and form a zygote.
 The male gametes reach the female gametes by the process of pollination.
 The pollen grains have a tough covering which allows them in surviving the different
climatic conditions.
 Due to their lightweight, winds and water often carry them away to different plants.
Sometimes the pollen grains also get attached to insects which carry them to different
flowers.
 This process of transfer of pollen grains from one stigma to another is called Pollination.

Pollination

Q5. Explain the difference between self-pollination and cross-pollination

Q6. State the main difference between asexual and sexual reproduction.
Ans.

Q7. Differentiate between Unisexual and Bisexual Flowers with example.

[Link] of Vegetative Propagation

 The plants that are produced with vegetative propagation grow faster than those that are
produced with sexual reproduction.
 The plants that reproduce with vegetative reproduction have fruits and flowers ahead of
time.
 The plants that are produced have exactly the same characteristics as that of their parents.

Q9. Explain the following with digram.

a) Budding
 Yeast is an organism that contains a single cell. It is a fungi not a plant.
 It can propagate every few hours if the proper amount of nutrients are available to it.
  As the yeast finds favourable conditions, a small bulb-like projection produces from the
yeast called Bud.
 The bud grows gradually and then gets detached from the parent yeast.
This Sometimes a chain of buds is formed which leads to the production of a large number of
yeasts altogether.

Budding in Yeast
2. Fragmentation
 Algae like Spirogyra generally reproduce by the process of fragmentation in which they
divide themselves into multiple parts.
 As soon as the algae find enough water and nutrients, it fragments and grows into new
individuals.
 This process continues and algae multiply quickly in a short period of time.

Fragmentation in Algae
3. Spore Formation
 Some plants contain spores that float in the air and cause asexual reproduction.
 A spore has a hard protective cover which protects it from the unfavourable
environmental conditions like temperature and humidity.
 As a result, the spores can travel long distances and survive for a long duration of time.
 As soon as they find favourable conditions such as moisture and nutrients, they germinate
and form new plants.
 For Example, Moss and ferns propagate in this way.

Spore Formation in Fungus

Q10. Sexual Reproduction in Plants
 The flowers of a plant are its reproductive organs that participate in the sexual
reproduction process.
 The male reproductive parts of a plant are called Stamen.
 The female reproductive parts of a plant are called Pistil.
 Some flowers contain both stamen and pistil and are called Bisexual Flowers. Eg. Lily,
rose, brinjal, hibiscus, petunia, mustard etc.
 Some flowers contain either the stamen or the pistil and hence are called Unisexual
Flowers. Eg. Papaya, watermelon, cucumber, coconut etc.
 The new plant produced contains the characteristics of both plants that participate in the
sexual reproduction.
 The stamen consists of Anther that has pollen grains. These pollen grains produce male
gametes.

Stamen
 The pistil consists of three parts:
o Stigma – It is a sticky surface where pollen grains get attached.
o Style – It is a tube-like structure which connects the stigma and the ovary.
o Ovary – It contains eggs in which the female gametes or eggs are formed.

Pistil

Q11. How fruits and seeds are formed?

Ans, After the fertilization process, the ovary of the flowers grows and develops into a fruit.
 The remaining parts of the flower fall off.
 The ovules develop and form the seeds of the fruits.
 The embryo is enclosed inside the seeds.
 Some fruits are fleshy and juicy such as mango, apple and orange. Some fruits are hard
like almonds and walnuts